hello on the air international review in the studio of fyodor lukyanov today in the program international review events of the week chronicle facts comments. nuclear safety new challenges, what is the danger of dismantling the system of restrictions

on the materials of our program? europe lowers the iron curtain, the visa-free regime is canceled and other european difficulties. civil war rehearsal iraq and libya again engulfed in flames report of our program hot summer 22 detente did not bring autumn to be no less nervous previous seasons of this year. until august. we were not on the air in a new phase the confrontation between the united states and china has passed all the prerequisites for a collision, the question has been created, when and in what form the further transformation of the world will be a series of acute international crises with the participation of the leading powers of those who are equipped to the maximum with the means of war, we will hope that no one of them will not lose the sense of the line that cannot be crossed. a

regular review conference on the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons ended in new york the other day, the final document is not to be adopted. succeeded not for the first time in the role. the nuclear non- proliferation treaty entered into force on march 5 , 1970. since then, it has been signed by almost all states of the world, with the exception of israel, india, pakistan, and the dprk, the documents were developed by the un disarmament committee to limit the circle of nuclear weapons holders and exclude the possibility of its use . states have pledged not to transfer nuclear technology to others parties. and those, in turn, do not create or acquire weapons of mass destruction, while the

agreement secured the right of the participating countries to study the production and use of the atom for peaceful purposes. today, the international atomic energy agency (iaea) monitors the fulfillment of obligations and the actions of the treaty are achieved. challenges and threats in the field of nuclear disarmament are discussed at the day review conference every 5 years the main goal is to adopt a final statement that would be approved by all participating countries over the past almost 30 years such a document was adopted only twice in 2000 and 2010, and at the conference of the ninety-fifth year it was decided to extend the contract indefinitely due to the covid-19 pandemic. the 10th anniversary conference of the day was postponed. it was in august this year in new york with the participation of a delegation of more than 100 states, as well as the heads of international organizations , un secretary general anthony guttersch and the

director general of the magat. rafael grossel, the conference lasted almost a month, but ended without the outcome of the document, the delegates could not agree on the position about nuclear facilities in ukraine, in particular, the zaporizhzhya npp the crisis around the zaporizhzhya npp became the reason for insurmountable differences the largest nuclear power plant in europe the situation is unprecedented in the literal sense of the word territorial contradictions are not a new phenomenon, as well as armed conflicts because of them, but there were no cases so that in the center there is an object similar to technological complexity and danger. yes, and moved from one jurisdiction to another through hostilities, rules of conduct are required, which would go beyond the confrontation, no matter how the parties relate to each other, and it is not only a matter of a specific conflict, war has returned to world politics as a way to resolve disputes.

so this could happen elsewhere as well. let's talk to our kind, comrade anton cotton head of the energy and security center. hello anton. uh, how do we feel about the fact that the review conference in new york ended in nothing? is this some kind of threat to the day or is it really such a routine with those political installations, er, with which a number of states came. e to new york to reach. eh, it was almost impossible to agree on the final document. in my opinion. this was especially evident in the last of the four weeks of the event. well, uh, everyone, of course, refers to ukraine as the reason, it is clear that the oldest contradiction is practically irreconcilable, but at the same time, the impending failure of the conference. we talked long before it even started. that is, it turns out that ukraine is rather a reason they are the reasons. actually

speaking in your your. and third, uh, your question contains the answer. and 2 years ago, when the conference. it was planned, but for the 20th year, but practically all the experts, yes, and the official representatives did not formally say what to achieve. uh result to agree on the final document. it would take a miracle the differences were extremely wide. and let me remind you that the united states withdrew from the svd. the united states withdrew from the so -called iranian deal. but over the five-year cycle of the conference, which the language of the species turned into a seven-year one from an agreement with md a the united states included in the fundamental documents, but the thesis that they would not ratify the comprehensive treaties was a number of other negative factors, which, according to experts, and i was in solidarity with them, make it impossible to adopt the document. it

seems to me that the factor of ukraine is a number of states. e, i tried to use it to cover up those other disagreements that largely arose because of them for internal political reasons or for external political reasons, but a fact, but nevertheless the situation around the zaporizhzhya nuclear power plant is of course extremely disturbing and kind of unique, there has never been such an object in the war zone. a and. of course, something needs to be done. e. especially because, most likely, a similar situation in world politics can be repeated, because the military forces have now returned. and how do you think, is it possible hmm well, perhaps push aside the sharpest contradiction and try to agree on some rules of conduct. these are the situations you would like to hope so, huh? there are signs that, probably in the first place

turn in washington to a lesser extent in europe there are people who are seriously concerned about what is happening around the zaporozhye station, according to my observations, just at the review conference every day in new york, and the united states tried not to publicly support, and the statement of the ukrainian side about the fact that it is allegedly russia that is shelling the station, which is also controlled by those documents that were adopted and which, by a number of states , were presented at the conference on behalf of dozens of countries, and often primarily western countries, where the united states was present, they were presented, as a rule, by europeans. the united states tried to distance itself from this. and in this regard. again, one can mention the blatant document that was presented on the last day of the conference, but let me remind you that it was strange that the conference gathered to discuss non-proliferation of disarmament. use atomic energy so here's a group of countries,

you can probably call them in striped swimsuits, but submitted documents with 14 points, and one point listed the countries one point said that the treaty did not distribute the keystone international security, and in 12 others, there were various attacks on russia here with such a narrative, the countries participated in a conference where it was planned to discuss a wide range of issues in the field of distribution that arose over a five years, and therefore, uh, there is an impression that e in europe e with europe for the foreseeable future it will be difficult to talk about this topic. at the same time, there are sane, sensible people in washington who also understand the threat of the risks associated with the zaporozhye station in the long term. what did you say, and for for example, it’s surprising to me that countries like south korea clap their hands and support such documents, they don’t condemn, and the shelling that

is being carried out at the station, although there are dozens in south korea, and the military-political situation in the region is extremely difficult, but, despite this, south korea supports such documents, so i would like to see developed principles, which the countries followed, but it seems that we are still far from the fact that even such an official dialogue means but ideas to develop in this regard, of course, the time has come. or even we are late to it, because the risks associated with military operations or, let's say, the shelling of dangerous nuclear facilities. they are certainly great, but the questions of a complete layman, but in general, any nuclear power plant is not specific, in general, to what extent it provides for such risks during its design, construction, modern plants are being designed. uh, based on the fact that a large passenger plane can fall on them and that

this, yes, the station withstood the incident, but uh stations are not designed for systemic. yes, and military attacks. and at the same time, an e-station - this is not only a nuclear power unit, it is an accompanying storage facility where there is nuclear fuel, irradiated nuclear fuel, radioactive materials, so there is a whole range of risks associated with the operation of any nuclear hazardous facility, and even more so nuclear hazardous an object that is under regular regular shelling, as far as the institution, as a structure, generally speaking, is equipped in order to act in such circumstances. well i mean, not technically, let's say politically, and the rich don't have the mandate to stop bo. and the actions or shelling of the zone a-a of a nuclear hazardous facility and my understanding of the

current visit of the iaea to the zaporizhia station is , first of all, carrying out. and inspections under warranty, because. e, ukraine undertook obligations that the zaporozhye station will be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and on average once a year inspectors a and b in the past a and. ah in the present, but comes to check that indeed, the fuel that is at the taturan station is used exclusively for the production of electricity and nothing more. therefore, this is it, in my opinion. e, one of the key segments of that visit, which today e continues on zaporizhzhya and, in fact, why, including the inspectors, remained because it takes time, and to check, and that there are no deviations from those obligations that the state? but in addition to this, the iaea

also proposed to assess the situation in the field of nuclear safety. and what is at the station the damage to the station is potential, but the shelling that was caused, but this is not a function that, in accordance with the mandate of the iaea, must be performed here on a daily basis, probably, we should also think in the future, if similar situations occur, what can magots do ? what is the mandate. thank you, anton khlopkov was with us. the last review at the conference of the day in 2015 also ended inconclusively, then they did not agree on a nuclear zone in the middle east, this region is now somewhat in the shade, but to remind of itself does not cease just seething in iraq and libya in both capitals of clashes and victims. after the assassination of muam rak adafi in october

2011, libya ceased to exist, chaos reigned as a unified state for several years. well, in august 2014, islamist militants from the city of missourat united in a union of tribes called the libyan heyday and seized the capital, the islamists arrived, subjugated the general people's congress, the former parliament, which was elected under gaddafi , opposition parliamentarians fled east to the city where they formed their parliament, the house of representatives and their government are supported by the un and the european union, international structures. they tried to reconcile opponents in december 2015 , a government of national unity was created in morocco ; fayes al-j was appointed the new prime minister. in the east of libya, he was opposed by the army of the rebellious general khalifa halter, who declared war back in 2014. islamist groups in tripoli and

the islamic state hafter tried several times to take tripoli but failed attempts resolve the libyan crisis. they have been undertaken repeatedly both at the un level and by individual countries, but there was no time for reconciliation in berlin or in geneva, hafter and saraj. they simply refused to see each other and sit down at the negotiating table in february 2021 at the next forum of inter-libyan dialogues in switzerland, saraj was replaced by abdel-hamid beyba, it was assumed that his government would be temporary until the general national parliamentary and presidential elections in libya were held in december 2021, but the vote so did not take place. iraq and libya are completely different countries, but with a similar recent past, baghdad, under hussein and tripoli prekadafi, was suspected of secret work on weapons of mass destruction, not without reason. behaved differently in hd saddam hussein decided to

play in the us and finished the game executed arkadafi's mother preferred sincere confession. well, it didn’t save or nothing, both regimes were destroyed by external interventions with an interval of 8 years in both countries, stable power and statehood did not arise, but instead of democracy for the sake of which they destroyed autocrats rule. now new strong hands. now there are more of them, but the order, respectively, is less. the 48-year-old leader of the iraqi shiites came to prominence back in 2004 when he formed an army militant organization. mahdi and raised an armed rebellion against the forces of the international coalition in the holy shiite city of nejev, then the head of the us administration in iraq, paul bremen , declared the siege outlawed, but

the americans could not suppress the uprising and compromised. they left the osaders alone. giving him the whole duck southeast. the muff of iraq, da osadr, comes from a respected shey family, with whom the authorities in baghdad reckon in may 2016, in alliance with the iraqi communists, he organized anti-government demonstrations in baghdad to force the prime minister. al-abadi to fulfill the promise to fight corruption. he harshly criticizes washington on every convenient occasion and openly opposes iranian interference iraqi affairs, while visiting saudi arabia in 2017 to withdraw bridges by saudi arabia, where he met with the crown prince mohammed bin salman and tried to mediate the disagreement between reyyad and tehran in october last year, sadr and his supporters won the parliamentary elections, but could not form a government without the participation of their opponents supported by iran, then

the asadr bloc left the parliament and demanded its dissolution, but unsuccessfully. the role of the near and middle east in the new international situation, and this is no longer an object of influence of external forces, but a set of subjects with their own interests and capabilities and they will play more and more independent parties, which the big powers will have to take more and more seriously for russia in the current context. this opportunity only needs to be properly used in addition to political stresses, the space from west to south asia is facing other circumstances that are truly irresistible forces from pakistan, our regular author asim al rama. his house was destroyed by water; the boy does not have a tent, and he is forced to huddle in

ruins. he does not know what will happen next and he is very scared. i'm afraid of its water here a lot alone in in pakistan, millions of women and children were affected by the floods. the provinces most affected were billugistan, and sing followed by khyber, pokhtungwa and pijab . we have received great support from the international community of friendly and fraternal. to us countries, their representatives build houses, provide us with food or medicine, their charter flights arrive in the disaster zone, their medical teams and mobile gos work. we thank all our friends ordered help natural disasters caused by global warming,

the rainy season rainfall is much more than before, and in the summer the secret glaciers in the mountains leads to the flooding of the rivers because of this frequent flooding, causing damage to the locals. pakistan is experiencing a serious climate disaster. one of the worst in recent decades. it's like gran-zirol for us, we're on the front line, where we're confronted by weather disasters, crazy heat, flash floods, melting glaciers and monstrous monsoons. the whole country plunged into unceasing chaos. because of this, millions of people have lost their homes and are forced to live in tents, various non-governmental and charitable organizations work independently of each other and act at their own peril and risk. and people say that the state has not provided any assistance. some organizations help us give us some food, but it is not enough from the government. we haven't received anything yet. our home was badly

damaged. we rescued our animals. they are the main source of our income in this is not a simple time. we all support each other's damage. but according to preliminary estimates, it will be about $10 billion. these are millions of houses, hundreds of kilometers, roads, destroyed bridges and other structures, the country has been hit by disasters more than once, but now pakistan is in great financial difficulties, and it is turning to other countries of the world for help at the moment. we are in an area where the water has risen 10 feet. all the houses are flooded, and the crops are destroyed, all this is the loss of the pakistani economy, which will recover for a long time after the impact of the elements. after advertising in europe

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of working peasants. i think that the lesson in chernobyl is not out of date. you look what is happening in the world did not look beyond the horizon. we managed to do a lot . a selection of interviews with mikhail gorbachev and documentaries about him and on the site. if south asia is flooded, then in europe the opposite attack is drought and shallowing of rivers, our regular author alexandra popova about the summer problems of poland and germany . this is real paralysis. almost everything is transported along the rhine, building materials

such as sand and gravel. we have chemical products, oil, coal, containers, and everything you can imagine in them. water level problem rhenium, there is not the first year, but this time the drought, perhaps especially unpleasant due to the lack of gas from russia and germany was going to switch to coal-fired power plants. the problem is that the main transport of coal goes along the river and low water levels threaten the supply of raw materials for the power plant. here the indicator shows that in the rhine there can be a maximum of 6 m 40 cm, at the moment the water is below the mark of 5 m of water in sight, especially little, along with the narrowing of the river in the caubium near frankfurt, here it has dropped to fifty-six cm. this is half that. than a month ago, the movement of heavy barges was suspended. if the water level drops below 5-10 cm, all transport on the river will stop. some ferries have already suspended work for the residents of the

irey region, this problem is the nearest bridge across the river is 70 km away, so you have to work hard to get to the other side in this part is very rocky, while in other places there is only sand. so sand is not a problem for ships. but the rocks are a problem in marriage. at u.s. not there is not enough fuel, because it is not transferred by tankers, but by barges that go along the rhine, then it is taken at a gas station due to lack of water. in the river, traffic is stopped. such a simple path sometimes takes several weeks. it seems that i am the situation in other european countries in serbia , the kadunai dried up so much that it exposed, the sunken ships of the second world war in poland , the water level dropped to 38 cm anudere, where the water level above the water turned out to be spoiled a lot of fucking fish and farmers have problems with watering crops. this is an ecological disaster. we have

not seen anything like this, even in the polish people's republic there has not been such a drought, which will be a big problem for industrial enterprises that use river water for cooling. even french nuclear reactors are running out of water. this reduces the development of electricity and provokes an increase in prices for it in the end. everyone will feel this on their wallet alexander popov especially for international review. another problem escalated between poland and germany historical-political jaroslav kachinsky of the law and justice party announced that warsaw is deliberately seeking more than a trillion euros in reparations from berlin for the second world war against the backdrop of what is happening in the european economy, it's time to put pressure on it. artist and ev-branque europe of the new stone age the man from the cave says to another and

what are you doing? come on, take it back inside. where does such extravagance come from, as in the 20th century three sons vacation and sheets from croatia, the work is called modern european diogenes 2022 an unusual approach to the renaissance. oh, i’ll let you go, galat bass van der, shot, and the prospect of the nord stream gas pipeline, judging by the picture, it’s not clear. how can this end a little at all, and according to miguel morales, the reasons for the crisis are written on the boomerang sanctions against russia dialogues in the dark chip god what happened asks the person. yes, you just banned all gasoline cars says another, and then everyone put their electric cars on charge at the same time. the european union agreed. cancel simplified visa regime with russia the proposal of the baltic and north european countries

to completely ban the issuance of visas to russian citizens did not pass, but to receive entry permits. now it will be more difficult, more expensive and longer, and a number of states that serve starters do not want to let foreigners in; the sovereign prerogative of each country is formally everything in its own right, just as we have the right to draw conclusions about such hospitable neighbors, but the visa issue has been more than 20 years an instrument of eu policy in towards russia when estonian prime minister kai, kallas says that visiting europe is a privilege, in fact, it repeats the approach of european officials. it’s just that they don’t formulate it directly, but the idea that access must be earned in the old world has always been present negotiations on the abolition of visas between russia and the eu have been going on for more than 20 years for the first time they seriously started talking about it in the 2000s because of the status of the kaliningrad region after the collapse of the ussr, it turned into

ex-clave, separated from the main russian territory, a passport was required to get there, if you do not fly by plane, therefore, in august 2002, the president of russia offered to provide europeans and russians. freedom of movement with the prospect of weight lifting for everyone. at the summit in the hague. in 2004, for the first time, a roadmap appeared for the common space of freedom , security and justice. true, there was no hurry with the abolition of visas, only 3 years later the so-called visa-free dialogue was officially launched. and what later came into force in the visa facilitation agreement from that moment on, russians could continuously stay in the eu for 90 days. in addition, the visa consideration period was prescribed from 10 to 30 days, and in emergency cases only 3 days, the simplified regime applied to

entrepreneurs, journalists, scientists , students, and some other categories of citizens, the agreement did not apply to great britain, ireland and denmark, but to do without visas at all could only diplomats in december 2011, the parties. finally, they approved the liver of joint steps towards visa-free travel for ordinary citizens, according to the russian side. all conditions were met, but the european union was in no hurry, and in the spring of 2014 a year after the events in ukraine, he suspended the dialogue altogether. true, the visa facilitation agreement continued to operate until recently . this week, ministers. the european union decided to denounce it in practice. this means an increase in the cost of a visa to 80 euros and an increase. the term for issuing visas up to six months, a single schengen visa will most likely be given strictly according to the dates of the trip. one of the customs of european foreign

policy is the principle of conditionality linking different issues, therefore, in visa negotiations, it could to emerge, anything from human rights to duties on timber, round timber autumn 2004, the principle of conditionality arises with these i agree. moreover , conditions from ten new countries, where poland played the leading violin at that time. clearly, she also continues now, but already as part of an orchestra. uh, vysehrad of the baltic states and uh, and so on. uh, so uh, the conditioning was that, yes, we are willing to go for some relief, but in the event that among these, if there was a mission nearby, uh, god of many european countries, including, as the country of austria, that the european union could be overwhelmed by a wave of refugees, that is, there was a classical conditionality.

if not in the second, then in the third place, i didn’t put brel. it is the political conditionality of the light regime that comes to the fore. e with russia, putting in the first place the protection of its borders from illegal, e, migration. e preservation of e migratory sovereignty from its autonomy in these. yes questions. the possibilities of changing the behavior of citizens, probably to a greater extent degree. it was typical, but for starters. uh, the noughties, we will also talk about the nineties, uh, which at that time were not related to issues of facilitating the visa regime. freedom of movement is tourism and the promotion of humanitarian cultural business. connections are things that bring concrete income.

when russia sought a visa-free regime with the eu , it was meant, first of all, this european policy is by no means alien to the benefit, but they are used to packing it into an idea on a value shell. how exactly should russia change in order to expand the corridor to europe and what if in the zero years they still agreed? maybe the truth everything would have gone differently among the holders of passports. well, let's estimate out of 145 million 20-30 million, probably, the owners have 5 million schengen visas in the nineteenth year, but it's just uh, at least e not everyone who received visas traveled understood c21 year will be deleted from mutual trips due to the code, if we assume. e that moscow has achieved its goal and after 2007 there were

some certain circumstances and the european union would go for a visa-free exchange. well, maybe, it would not be 5 million e., if we assume that all of you citizens who received visas went. uh, entry. well, let's consider a hobby of 10-20%. in general, a miracle would not happen, it's a pity, wonderful, you always want to. how russian people traveled to europe in the 19th century, at a time when russia became an organic part of european politics and culture, let's talk about this with the wonderful philosopher and historian andrei tesley andrey what the russian empire needed to go to europe permission to enter or exit permission to issue foreign passport. uh, usually a high enough hierarchical solution? well, for example, i remind you that even when traveling, for example, from moscow to st. petersburg in the same nikolaev

era, even the internal passport was signed by the moscow governor-general, respectively, uh, then uh, the visa procedure begins. that is , uh. if you are going to travel abroad, then you must contact the embassy, ​​or even the country. where are you going? and as a rule, in the first half of the 19th century, this is a procedure. means already purely formal. at least from the literature, i don’t remember at all, as in the first half of the 19th century, any problematic situations , any questions, uh, about the sighting of a passport. let me remind you that e is especially applicable to the first half of the 19th century. and this is the epoch where e is not e of what we then even at the end of the 19th century. let's call it tourism one way or another. ah, the movement is quite limited. eh, all the more so, such a

movement is solid with a passport and the like is a limited number of people doing this, uh, more in addition, uh. hmm. i would emphasize that the complicated procedure for issuing a passport is also related to that. well , travel is quite limited. and this is a big trip. and this is a big trip, a trip on a long mustav, it is not by chance that the terms for which the passports are issued are stipulated. that is, if you are traveling, if you receive a passport, for example , to france or germany, then the charter, and the passports separately says that for the nobles the validity of the passport is up to 5 years of overseas travel, that is, uh, it is assumed here that, in principle, if you were going to go from moscow at all, uh, to paris or london. what is it, at least, uh, a trip for six months? yes, probably more such trips are often undertaken once in a lifetime. that is, you go for several years, you develop a route. well, for example, chaadaev, uh, he,

uh, specially sacrificed a part of his fortune , quite, consciously, a significant part, setting off from 23 in uh, traveling abroad. e where he really travels a significant part of europe a and travels k travel literally. uh, including, uh, preparing uh, almost to afterlife. i mean, he's selling his old library, and he's uh, balancing all his business. and now he is leaving, because he is completely unaware when he will return, in what life he will return, what will actually happen in the twenty-sixth year 3 years later, and many even went, for example, under nikolai stick, when he controls issuance of passports, and this may look like excessive redundancy, and some kind of hyper, uh, hyper control, and partly it is, but uh it is worth noting that, uh, if we look at all

on uh, the total number of wealthy nobles, well, soul owners with uh, a thousand or more souls who can more or less afford. e such long trips abroad, then their number in the nikolaev era for the entire russian empire, but about 4,000 people. e, in this e plan, they had a purely talai pavlovich, technical possibility, e, indeed, within the framework of their work schedule, e, to consider and make a decision on each appeal, if he set himself the goal of a mandatory rule after you issued passport, uh, brought uh. there should be three publications in the newspapers, but that you are going on a trip. that is, you must officially notify the public of your departure. uh, in order for all your creditors to be able to file foreclosure, they actually say you have

to move out. uh, clean, or the lender should indicate that hmm doesn't mind at all. and when do the real restrictions on travel appear. the first famous restriction is the restriction of 1.631 years, and in 18351 nikolai pavlovich e, states the rule, according to which it is forbidden travel abroad, and young nobles aged. 10 to 18 years is meant to prevent secondary education among the young nobility. uh, to uh, since at that time in the russian empire, including sergei semyonovich uvarov, he would later become one of the leaders of this policy, uh, it will be about the fact that young noblemen should receive basic education within the borders of the russian empire properly for this, a gymnasium system with classical languages ​​is being created. hmm but now i have reached the age of 18. they can, for example, go and get an education,

either to the university city within the russian empire, or already abroad. well, here is this part of the general reform. e education. and so, for example, i recall that alexander sergeevich pushkin, for example, wrote a famous note in the twentieth year. just again, about nikolai pavlovich's on-demand education, where he sharply opposes, for example, home education. by education, this is the fight against boarding houses established by french teachers - this is the fight against foreign education, where young russian nobles are breaking away from uh their russian roots, and the second u limitation is the limitation of the thirty-fourth year term. e stay for the nobles is limited to five years, that is, in order to prevent e permanent absences. e for. by the way, other persons term is limited to three years. uh, we are talking about the fact that, for the extension, a

separate correspondence is required. well, respectively, through the local embassy, ​​or through the person appointed to this. but the european sedition of the russian authorities, how frightened the spring of the peoples, for example, there european revolutions of the fifty-first year becomes clear that a number of e european regimes. and in particular, france changed quite significantly in this regard in the 1951st year, it is clear that a rollback to the situation before the 1948th year will not happen. uh, in general, some new realities have come, and here, uh, hmm, petersburg is changing the rules and, firstly, the period of travel abroad is limited to two years for e nobles, and the period of absence for non-nobles is one year, but to prohibit a permanent living abroad here a and. uh, a very important fiscal measure is displayed separately. for each

six months of stay abroad, the traveler must pay 250 rubles to the treasury. and in those days - this is more than a solid amount. let me remind you that here is some kind of ordinary official of the characters of fyodor mikhailovich dostoevsky to e peter in the house of hard labor, they live on an annual salary of about 300 rubles. that is, in this regard, the contribution of 250 rubles. for half a year, many, including, for example, moscow intellectuals perceived almost as taboo. uh, including all other travel expenses. yes , it is true that a special clause is introduced, which is very important and often overlooked, but there is a clause that if the traveler is going abroad?