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hello. kirill vyshinsky is with you, and this is a typical ukraine program. our program is not news, we record it in advance and go out on a weekly basis. we don't compete with news releases. we talk about what made ukraine the way we know it today, the typical and, of course, the peculiar path that little russia went through in the ussr ukraine before it ended up at the current point. that's what we're interested in, we hope that it's interesting for you, and that's what we'll talk about today. how many times and why reformed

ukrainian school without the russian language and russian writers, the first bell rang, what's next? what and how, they teach in different parts of ukraine the shallowest sea in the world and its political depth on the coast of azov september is the month of the first calls and the beginning of the school year, and today we will talk about the state of the ukrainian school this year on the lands on the fallow land, in fact, there are already two education systems two schools, one, an old typical ukrainian one, the other. the one that, so far, is only being formed in the territories that have gotten out of control of kiev over the years independence ukrainian students and their mentors. we have already experienced two large-scale reforms, for the first time in 2002, under the minister of vasily and silicon, when schools switched to 12 years old, they say that modern children

have too much information in the first grade from the age of 6, and the programs stretched for another year. this was supposed to bring ukraine closer to europe and break the common educational space with russia . almost 80% of ukrainians did not support such a reform. where school has been studying for 11 years. and the verkhovna rada returned several years, 11 years old. during the first reforms removed the subject of russian literature from the curriculum of ukrainian schools. it was replaced by foreign works of russian writers. they were preserved in it, but the hours for their study significantly reduced the second reform of secondary education. spent after 2014 the school again returned 12 years. but this was no longer the main irritant for parents and teachers; the reform assumed a complete transition to the ukrainian language; teaching

was made an exception only for crimean tatar schools. there they could study in their native language and study in depth ukrainian in all other schools russian hungarian polish romanian mother tongue is studied only in the lower grades. and then almost all subjects are taught only in the state, the languages ​​of all of the minorities were left out of the ukrainian school. entering the school reforms in ukraine, most of the changes were made to the programs and textbooks of the humanities courses. the history of ukraine has turned into some kind of jumps in time. first there was an ancient ukrainian state. kievan rus ukraine then a leap into several centuries and immediately the cossack state the hitmanshchina, which fought for its independence with all its neighbors, the poles, the turks of moscow, and after the people's liberation struggle against the colonial oppression of the russian empire, which was replaced by the ussr in the great patriotic war

, it was not soviet german, and ukrainians from aun and a played a serious role in it in recent innovations in the ukrainian school, the refusal to study the russian language and the exclusion of all russian writers from the course of foreign literature. you have probably already heard about how school bells rang this year in different parts of ukraine, and what will be taught there in the story of anna efimova at an alarming time since the beginning of the new academic year, many schools in ukraine opened their doors, but certainly not all in ukraine at the time of february 24, there were about 1 million 200,000 students from first to twelfth grade. unfortunately, today it is no more than 640 thousand that are on the territory of ukraine, those that ukraine controls at the beginning

of summer, the ministry of education and science assured ukrainian schools would study offline, but even then many parents. this idea caused questions, but by september, given the map of hostilities, these questions appeared quite specific answers in an online format that will first of all take place in the classes. we have 5.7004 confirmed inclusion in the online format 3.000 schoolchildren who will definitely join in the flash format 4.000 schoolchildren who will study side by side . in the form according to the situation. vinnytsia , which is, by the way, quite far from the contact line 83% of parents support classes only online and in dnipro on september 1 for all schoolchildren without exception. started remotely at the same time in kiev 70% of parents chose for their children. full-time training a key issue

in establishing full-time training is the availability of a bomb shelter. they are far from being everywhere, so schools are forced to conduct classes in two shifts. although the question of whom and how to teach largely depends on the distance from the front line, for example, that in kharkov the academic year can only begin online, the mayor of the city announced back in mid-july, the next the problem is the provision of textbooks, the school curriculum, which has already been mercilessly corrected in recent decades with the outbreak of hostilities. and it has completely undergone radical changes from corrections in the manuals of the printing house, they simply do not keep up with me yet, when i was a teacher, i had a clear idea that i was where it was necessary, including in ukraine. judging by the history textbooks in ukraine, they teach to hate russia. the ministry of

education and science of ukraine did not particularly stand on ceremony with the programs to change the clearly russophobic directions touched on a number of subjects. so in the work plans for the study of history. now there is a separate educational block dedicated to the conflict between russia and ukraine in 2014, such concepts as rashism before are introduced. instead, there was a more restrained policy of russification of russian writers. now they even removed foreign literature from the course, replacing them with western ones, according to ukrainian education officials. all those heavy works, which describe the suffering of the russian soul, ukrainians do not need at all. it's covered there. well for example, like war and peace in ukraine there will no longer be all this chanting of the troops. all this will be excluded from the program of foreign literature. donetsk and luhansk republics, then, despite all the difficulties at the desks. hundreds of thousands of schoolchildren also sat there, training is provided both in full-time and remote formats. all studies in

russian ukrainian will also remain, but as an elective at will. and what to do you began to study in cursive. mom came to the city, bought clothes, prepared, collected a briefcase to the academic year in the new realities. carefully prepared not only schoolchildren, but also the teachers themselves , under the patronage of the ministry of education of russia , professional retraining courses were organized this year, teachers from the kherson region, zaporozhye and other regions gathered in the crimea, we will gradually integrate the courses are very useful, since every day i meet with teachers, and who are titans in the field of pedagogy, because mm, how long did i work at school? how much i studied studied. i am a very good teacher, after all. i learn a lot new, especially regarding the digitalization of education.

it's never difficult for us. we are always ready for changes, even if there are some differences, they are not so global. i am sure we can handle it 100%. the difference in the programs exists in many subjects, in addition to the same history or russian literature, high school students in the independent school did not study social science, which is so necessary for admission, but most of the humanitarian and creative areas instead of it in the schedule of ukrainian schools there was a lesson in jurisprudence to understand that all those textbooks, according to which for many years the kids studied there, and often, uh, in their content they had things that well, even, to be honest, i don’t want to say these things related to a certain positioning of children. e during the learning process. eh, the education of a certain attitude, including towards the russian federation to the people of the russian federation, is not in a single russian textbook. you will not find a single bad word, and in relation to the people of ukraine,

not to any other, but to the country, and in the world, ukrainian the authorities have already stated that training in russian programs is not but and threatened with a teacher who still decides to go to work for terms of collaborationism. true, they didn’t explain what to live on. for the second month already, teachers in the so -called uncontrolled territories, despite all the assurances and guarantees of official kiev, they do not pay salaries anna efimova valery savelyev anastasia popova typical ukraine what did the changes in the ukrainian school after two reforms lead to and what will have to be changed in school curricula for liberated territories, we will talk about this with our permanent expert historian alexander vasiliev. hello sasha, good afternoon sasha uh in ukrainian schools this year the program is saturated with military propaganda. this means

that children will also fight. well, at least it means that those who write these programs. uh, they want to demonstrate that they are also doing something for the defense of the country. yes, and most importantly, they expect that everything really is. this will last a very long time and uh, including uh, this the students of today's school will have to take up arms, but there it is. and this is a fact, as it were written in our e as regards, especially history. for example, such terms as rashism are introduced into the curriculum, and it turns out that even wikipedia has a whole article where the scientific base is directly, and it is summed up under it. that is, this is not just some sort of scolding on the internet, yes, but there is a whole one, the american historian is visible there, he wrote a whole article on this topic. everyone is referring to it now. this is the basis for so that it can be included, including in the curriculum

of education. well, this is, as they say, the first step in this direction, but right there and, as it were, in addition to this, there is one more trend, it is clearly visible, and this, well, finally the era of the wound of any russian language of literature in the ukrainian school. uh, you need to understand that today they are trying to present it in such a way that after the start, it means hostilities. yes, now we cancel everything else. yes, but in fact, this is not so, and as if any person knows perfectly well that in general, for example, a separate subject of russian literature did not exist at all. yes, and all the russian classics, so to speak, along with gogol, for example, yes, foreign literature, but definitely yes, but now they just cleared this course, and two things are often confused from these authors and one more thing. it is the language of teaching and language learning. if somewhere there often at the request of the parents. uh, in high school. maybe 1 hour of russian at

school in some territories. yes, uh, but at the same time, all other items are read in ukrainian language, therefore, this change they are so symbolically more ostentatious, but in character. let's not forget yet. here's another thing, that in ukrainian schools, and this year new people came, and these are not students. they are teachers and parents. yes , schools have become en masse, and the object of accommodation, but of the armed forces. yes, that is, just military bases have been converted en masse, right? districts, yes, and we already know this, there is this adequate international ministry that recorded all this. that is, these are not some of our fantasies on the topic, so this is also today, when we talk about education and schools. eh, it's also impossible not to mention it, so to speak. and what is already happening in the liberated territories in the schools of donetsk, kherson, zaporozhye, the situation is very different. and here, when they usually talk about it, they operate on a certain average temperature in

the hospital. they say how many schools there are open and so on and so forth there are teachers. but the situation is very different in the same kherson region . e, means the right bank part. yes. e, western e. she's practically the entire prefrontal zone, and therefore, here i am, for example, uh, talking to the head of the notorious chernobaev. throw it all at what really big problems. what flies literally into the village and how to lead children to school and teachers to be afraid and parents are afraid and so on. here, for example, is such a primorsky city, berdyansk, zaporozhye region, yes, which are removed from the uh front lines, there, in general, there are practically no problems with the beginning of the academic year, low staffing with teachers not with a desire, especially uh parents to lead children to school, that is very, very different, although the resistance. uh, ukrainian is coming. eh, just through all possible channels. that is, you need to understand that literally, you know, some such stories about the bandera people of the thirties come to mind. yes

, because i personally know such cases when, including in the zaporozhye region, but people in masks can simply come to the teacher at night and threaten with death. to her, her children, and so forth, it happens, but still. hey, classes have started. this is already a big win. and here's what to do with programs now, of course, in the liberated territories. these are russian programs, russian textbooks. they will make these programs as close as possible to russian ones. but in the future, uh, does it make sense to simply switch to russian programs, or is it still possible to use something, or at least save from ukrainian programs? and supplement the russian programs with some kind of, well, ukrainian component. well , the situation, in fact, here, of course, is very difficult, because the academic year needs to be launched promptly and there is time for such a competent adaptation for a smooth transition. so to say curricula standards, its just physically. no, that is , the question is, either you will prepare this process, or you will already begin to teach children. and as for, uh, there, what about the ukrainian program? can you take it or not? here

, of course, a humanitarian issue lies on the surface. yes, the history of literature. yes, that is, it is clear that, well, it is impossible according to ukrainian textbooks. how even there before the war times of yanukovych yes, they cannot, of course, be taught, because they already have these grains, so to speak, cowardice, but laid down and understandable, this applies to literature, which i repeat. there were simply no objects at all. here, but it is very necessary, and of course, the regional component of the insane is very important, that is, it is necessary to show in each humanitarian training cycle, and in these territories, that this is not some kind of friend there. the planet for russia is yes, that it was here that the key events took place , the key heroes of history acted. here - it was the earth that gave birth and carried our geniuses, so to speak, literature and so on. this is exactly what is needed to show that they brought no one there, on the contrary , they let you touch your own. ah, history and culture. well, in this regard , adaptation is, of course, certainly required, but there is another point, but about which they are less talked about now. and think about the problem that

children will have who taught mathematics, physics, chemistry, and science in ukrainian. yes, and all the terminology from the first grade for most children was completely different and, uh, for them. that is, i am like a teacher, even at the university with this encountered when the terminology, and russian-speaking children, own only ukrainian terminology. in the end. they simply cannot fully master even the subject. this will be a very big problem, which i did not even pay attention to, what someone said, of course, is very important. yes, tychny, that is, regarding. yes, yes, it’s dark there, why is terminology it’s just that, even against the background of the ukrainian language, it’s absolutely perpendicular to it, so, to be honest, to say, yes, that is, its artificiality in this area is directly, well, not needs special evidence and, of course, very important, both the teaching staff and the fact that there is already an active recruitment of personnel from russia and this must be continued unconditionally. i mean, uh, you have to be very active. especially i think there for young e teachers. it can be such

a very important step in a career, but to do it in exactly the same kind of volunteering. yes , because i know a lot of people who would like to go there, and so to speak, just at the call of the heart. and it needs to be actively developed support then. well, of course, it's understandable. how difficult this school year will be. eh, but i think that there is everything to implement, what can i say? i say what is already being done in this regard, of course, otherwise i think that we will fine-tune this system and adapt this unconditionally serious illness. sasha thank you very much for an interesting story. the sea of ​​\u200b\ u200bazov, which washes the southeast of ukraine and southwest russia, is the shallowest sea in the world, its maximum depth is 13.5 m, and the average is only about 7 with a little warm, modest in its almost non-salty water. in the black sea,

twice as salty as some 100 years ago , the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov was considered the most fishy place in the world with a hectare of water area that could be caught almost a centner. more than 70 different species are found here, from bream and ram to the black sea flounder, mullet and even sturgeon sturgeon. and the sea of ​​azov. this is an outlet to shipping routes from two industrial regions for the somewhat krivoy rog railway and donbass coal basin. the sea of ​​azov and the kerch strait were considered inland waters of russia and ukraine, which was recorded in the agreement on the joint use of the sea, signed in 2003 . true, ukraine in 2015 tore it apart. however, over the 12 years of the agreement, it has not been possible to agree on the main point, where the russian-ukrainian border passes. in the sea of ​​azov. moscow proposed to run it along the kerch fairway and

the nikolsky canal, which is located west of the tuzla spit, kiev insisted on a line that still separated the soviet republics and allegedly passed east of tuzla, although in the ussr the internal borders along water was not drawn. in the middle of the 2000s, ukraine even offered to recognize the azov not as internal, but as international waters. this would allow nato ships to enter them without the consent of russia russia did not do this today, ukraine has lost access to the sea of ​​azov all the main ports on the coast of berdyansk-mariupol and genichesk are under the control of the allied forces of russia and the republics of donbass , we will talk about berdyansk sea gates , zaporozhye nogay wagon and a plow on a green background anchor on blue on the coat of arms of berdyansk displayed his past and present symbols of the nomadic lifestyle of the

first settlers of the active development of agriculture, settled and the main location on the azov coast. where berdyansk bolo is now, several villages are quite small. eh, the nogais roamed the most enduring great-mustache settlers of the bestial province, the nogais are such a tyuk people. uh, basically nogais and several peoples. these are exactly those that were in the axis of the crimean khan, therefore, they often consider them to be nomadic crimean tatami in the 16th century here in usi-berds passed the notch kazakh line, and at the end of the 18th century, by decree of catherine ii, on the left bank of this river flowing into the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov, the peter's defensive fortress was built. when russia was actively developing its own, well, acquired lands, say, new russia. to e a number of fortresses in the south of them, uh, now there are practically none, there were also the remains of the so-called dnieper

line, if i'm not mistaken, somewhere around seven fortresses in different places, however, these lands. sea of ​​azov in history, was destined to play not a defensive, but an important economic role in early 19th century. the russian empire needed a port on the sea of ​​azov to export grain ; it had to be away from the shore. governor-general of novorossiya. count mikhail vorontsov sends an expedition to explore the northern coast of the sea of ​​azov, special surveyors, special naval teams from russia, thanks to which nicholas of crete, and a sin by origin. so they were there, they came to the conclusion that yes, here is a place, where the biodo river, in contrast to the rich began in languages, generally suitable berdyansk spit surpasses incredibly worthy. and on it you can start a pier, a port, which sevastopol will only yield. 1827 land was allotted for a new pier.

this date is considered the year of the founding of berdyansk. and already in 1830, the official opening ceremony of these sea gates from the new south port was predicted to benefit not only the nearest catherine and tauride provinces, but also to other russian territories, the settlement, and since 1835, the city rapidly growing in 1838. already 3,000 people live here, and by the end of the 19th century, 26.5 thousand colonists moved to these lands, the liberated greeks. bulgarians crimean karaites jews, germans, colonists, who were invited by the government of imperial russia, all these peoples were actively involved in the economic development of the cultural development of this region in 1836. only one foreign ship entered berdyansk, but

a year later there were 50 of them one after another in the city, nine countries open their consulates in greece england italy and france are building 200 grain warehouses here; they are building factories for the production of bricks, tiles, candles, ropes, fish processing; merchants who received benefits from the government, when they moved to berdyansk , founded the first credit union in the russian empire here. , when well, the head of the battalion became generally interested in a person, by the way, of the kaunian war. this is admiral pyotr petrovich schmidt, the hero of sevastopol and who really started working. uh, put powerful new under this, damn it, generously from their own funds. there were a lot of pieces at the turn of the 19th and 20th guba, the healing properties of the mud of the berdyansk spit were discovered, resort boarding houses began to be built here, the first mud bath was opened in 1902, and by 1940 there were already more than

20 of them. significant, like the port of odessa for the black sea, through which , uh, just, well, roughly speaking, this shaft of grain went and hmm, the value of this port is almost until today. she is. eh, it was precisely by them, uh, uh, in this specialization. at the same time, let's say the berdyansk port is e hmm out of competition. in this sense, there is also a comparison with mariupol from e, hygienic after 2014, the port in berdyansk, contrary to the prophecy of the captain of crete, even overtook its competitor, the port of sevastopol annually its cargo turnover increased by more than 2 million tons. in 2020 , it amounted to more than 2 million tons. ukraine everything we wanted to tell. today since

kirill vyshinsky was you. good luck to you. angels of the republic of afghanistan

residents of the dacha village of markonievo, like all normal people, want to spend evenings with their families watching tv, but constant power outages cause them just anger that's how we watch it? good evening everyone.

so, not everyone ran yet. it is always interesting how it all begins now you

will see everything. manufacturers of good things want and but it is best to check. information hour, we will start the situation in the kharkiv region, there are now heavy battles, as reported local authorities allied forces. trying to oust the jesus outskirts. there was also an ongoing clash in the kupyansk area, the russian command urgently transfers fresh forces.