how did the first foreign monument to pushkin look like can only be judged by this miraculously preserved photograph? the commandant of lvov, major-general riml, after reading the next issue of the galician newspaper chervonnaya rus, wrote a report to the viennese authorities that all russophiles should be mercilessly destroyed . on august 1, 1914, by order of the austrian governor in lvov, all russian public organizations, including the famous russian people's house, which was located in this building. after that, all the inhabitants of lvov, suspicious from the point of view of the austrians, began to be seized right on the street, bank employees, ostrovsky , who was returning home in the evening, was arrested on the denunciation of a passerby, who approached the austrian officer and said, order the immediate arrest of this gentleman. i heard how today

at the barbershop. he spoke russian. this is probably a russian spy among those arrested by equally absurd accusations were even the underage children of the youngest. among them was a student of the lvov public school. savka , who was only 11 years old, his only crime was that he publicly called himself russian, for which the austrians took him to the police station, where they beat him, handcuffed him, then sent him to prison to criminals and after that in a concentration camp. following the defeat of all russian societies, mass arrests of people suspected of urusophilia followed throughout the golicia for extradition of persons, convicted of espionage or propaganda of muscovites , the authorities appointed a fee of 10 to 50 kroons. after that, the police stations were literally inundated with denunciations of vigilant citizens about their neighbors and colleagues. muscovites arrested all over the golitsy were brought to lvov and driven through

the whole city from the station to the prison of wrecks at that time, poles and other patriots of the austrian crown standing on the sidewalks of ukraine showered them with beatings and insults on gorodetskaya street near ferdinand's kazan, a brutal crowd on death stoned the priest when, bleeding, he fell on the pavement, an austrian soldier finished him off with a butt when the escorts were convinced that the priest had already died. they removed the shackles from him and forced the arrested peasants to carry him in their arms to the prison. here, near the brigids, a crowd beat an 80-year-old priest from the village of stoyanova to a pulp. after that, he ended up in a prison hospital, where he became an invalid, one of the wildest, reprisals against arrested rusyns took place in a rethinking, information about her was leaked to the press. after the city was taken by russian troops. the siege of this

first-class fortress, equipped with the latest equipment, lasted 194 days in vienna, it was considered impregnable by him on march 22, 1915, unable to withstand the russian onslaught, the garrison capitulated about 120,000 austrian or hungarian soldiers surrendered. a month later, the russian emperor nicholas ii arrived in peremys, he examined the captured ports and noted in his diary an unusually warm welcome given to him by the locals, the rusyns met. king with procession and bread salt in 1913, when a terrible famine broke out in the carpathian region, nicholas ii ordered a collection of donations in favor of the population of red russia in the shortest possible time, 100,000 gold rubles were collected and sent to the starving. after the capture of przemysl on the outskirts of the city, the bodies of

several dozen people were found, mutilated beyond recognition, some had their legs cut off and hands, the details of this terrible crime soon became known. on september 15, 1914, austrian gendarmes delivered 46 russophiles, arrested in the surrounding villages from the station, they were driven to the police department on semiradsky street in russia, a crowd of local residents and groups of hungarian cavalry attacked, who began to chop defenseless people with sabers, shouting death to a moscow spy. one of the victims of this massacre is the seventeen-year-old daughter of a priest. mary of mokhnadskaya fell to her knees in front of the crucifix, which was on the corner of the street with the words mother of god , save. after that, a hungarian soldier killed us with a shot in the head, the bodies of many unfortunates were cut into pieces, the found remains were

preserved with honors by the russian authorities in the mass grave. until the second world war, every year on september 15, the rusyns laid fresh flowers at her. several thousand people gathered for a memorial service for the dead, who went to the cemetery in a religious procession in russian theaters, there was even a play about this massacre. it was called masha in memory of my murdered mokhnackskaya. and that death excesses in galicia show that the austrian military really considered most of the rusyns to be enemies of austria and the fifth column it is clear from many documents in russia that not only the soldiers but also the highest officers were infected with such moods. all this led to numerous lawlessness, a quick sentence and unjustified cruelties aggravated the situation. and the fact that in this

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josef roth, who witnessed the first days of the war in galicia, wrote the war of the austrian army began with field courts, real and imaginary traitors hung on the trees of churchyards. terrifying everyone, living in lvov on the eve of the arrival of russian troops , several dozen people were executed. the rusins ​​sentenced to death, fr. the meeting was hung in the courtyard of this building, where the garrison prison was then located. the first execution was carried out on august 24, 1914, and from that moment on, their executions were carried out here almost daily on august 29 in the prison yard. four peasants were hanged only because they offered bread and salt to russian soldiers. one of them, a resident of the village of mokrotine,

andrey puzhak, having risen to the echo, threw in the face to their stripes. long live great indivisible russia, the most massive excision was made almost on the eve of the entry of russian troops into lvov, then 27 peasants and two unian priests were sentenced to death. today, near the garrison prison, there is a symbolic memorial to the victims of stalinist repressions during the soviet era. political prisoners were also kept here, but there are no names of those executed in 1914, there are no russian galicians on the plates , as there is not a single mention of thousands of rusyns transferred from lviv prisons. at the austrian concentration camp, talergov, the only monument dedicated to this tragedy can be seen today at the lvov lychakiv cemetery. over 20 of my relatives were sitting in the autoergofe, among

them my great-grandfather fyodor osipovich krushinsky priest. uh, they imprisoned the supposedly sloppy propaganda for what they considered the russian books of tolstoy gogol pushkin then they generally imprisoned for a russian postcard or an address even on a postcard, this monument was opened in 1934 in memory of the victims of the allergy. during its opening. stretched for more than 3 km of world war ii in the austrian concentration camp. according to vladimir krushinsky, from 30 to 40,000 rusyns were exiled; according to the compilers of the telerhof almanac, a total of 120,000 people suffered as a result of the austro-hungarian terror in the territory of golitsa and bukovina and transcarpathia. about 300 unian priests suspected of sympathizing with orthodoxy were killed, these are the most expensive relics of our family on the throne cross of my great-grandfather fyodor

krushinsky carved by him in the talerhof. on it is an inscription in memory of gorky's imprisonment in a car dealership. and this is his and petrokhil, in which he served in a concentration camp. red for easter is the result of genocide. rusyns became that their share in lvov was almost halved - more than 100,000 galicians, fleeing the austrian terror, fled to russia along with the retreating russian army. in the summer of 1915 , for example, the inhabitants of the village of buffoons left with the russians and settled in the penza province in revenge. the austro-hungarian authorities ordered the houses they had abandoned to be burned. in the city of stanislavov, after the temporary withdrawal of russian troops, they were executed 250 people, including those who washed clothes for russian soldiers and sold them tobacco and bread. there could be absolutely ridiculous accusations on which a person could be executed, e, a person was walking himself

met he was asked how to get somewhere, he did not understand german and said, then, i just want their showman’s forehead, and i’m rusinsh hang or for example , uh, russian soldiers came to the well for pizza. oh, you let the russian soldiers to your well. in the summer of 1914, the austrian authorities gave a secret order to create a special concentration camp, thalerhof as a place for it they chose a small valley at the foot of the alps near the city of graz , it is thalerhof that will become the first death camp, in the history of europe innocent people will be imprisoned here along ethnic lines. in this case, only because they considered themselves russian. all prisoners-tolergof were brought here to this

railway station, which is now abandoned september 4, 1914, the first batch of prisoners was brought here 2,000 rusyns from lvov from here they were driven into an open field, where there were no problems, no barakov because of this, epidemics began in the camp almost immediately. among the prisoners of talerhof were lawyers, priests, teachers, doctors, officials , students, writers, peasant actors, and even high school students. the oldest prisoner was 94 years old, the youngest was a few months old. on the very first day, the soldiers stabbed with bayonets three peasants who did not understand the german language and therefore did not fulfill any orders on time, the first months of the existence of the tank camp became especially terrible, in the talerhof, there was no until the winter of 1915 for years, thousands of prisoners slept in the open air on damp earth, they were also not given dishes, they were

considered lucky, the one who managed to get a bottle by beating off its neck. he used it as a cauldron for the camp gruel, which consisted of decoctions of mitomirtan beans in the camp for internment talergs, the main cause of death was epidemics. authorities. absolutely not prepared. the reception camp for such a large number of people and the hygienic conditions here were simply terrible at first, as a result , first an epidemic of cholera broke out, and then the epidemic of chain typhus could not cope with them until march april 1915. along which the prisoners were driven to the tallings, the only thing left of the former camp. today, in its place is the airfield of the graz airport, where the barracks for 10,000 people once stood.

according to the memoirs of the prisoner ivan vasyuta, the first months in the talerhof from typhus, from 40 to 50 people died daily, the priest john moshak on december 11, 1914 , wrote in his diaries that on that day 11 people were bitten to death. the most common torture in the talerhof was the so-called ambin two-hour suspension by one leg head down ; he personally carried out this torture on 48 galician students, who, during the recruitment call, called themselves russians, many of them hung until their ears and fingers went bad. blood. later, czarowski was complained to soldiers for

extorting bribes from prisoners, promising early release for 500 or 1,000 crowns. during the existence of the camp from 1914 to the eighteenth year, according to our data, about 30,000 people passed through it, it is very difficult to establish the exact figure, since prisoners from other camps were constantly transported to and from talerhof, some russians were sent to the settlement under police supervision. here in the dash. so the figure is 30,000 who have been in the camp. it seems that lali of the muscovites accused of treason will most likely succeed. some historians believe that there were at least 30 of them, the second largest concentration camp for galician russia on the territory of austria-hungary became

this fortress. it is located in northern bohemia, only 40 km from prague. on september 3, 1904, no inar barracks were prepared, so the prisoners of the target were right on the stone casemates and stables converted under the cell. the famous czech writer yaroslav hasek left a description of the abuse the rusyns had to endure during their transfer to terezin. at a distance, on the platform, the hungarian genre was amused. he tied an orthodox priest to his left leg rope, the other end, which he held in his hand and threatening with the butt forced the unfortunate man to dance. czardas gendarme pulled the rope from time to time and the priest fell, as his hands were tied behind his back. he could not get up and made a desperate attempt to roll over onto his back in order

to rise in this way. the gendarme laughed from the bottom of his heart to tears, when the priest managed to get up. the gendarme again pulled the rope and the poor fellow fell to the ground again. at the same time, there was no such mortality and epidemic in terezin as in talerhof, they were avoided thanks to the selfless help of the czech population, which sympathized with the slav brothers and russian prisoners of war who were in captivity, a resident of terezin. anna lauda and yulianna kuglerova. not only did they organize the collection of linen, clothes and food for the prisoners, but they also managed to achieve a significant improvement in the conditions of their detention . here we we are dealing with the same phenomenon of violation of

the constitution and all existing laws. people go behind barbed wire. only on the basis of their ethnic origin, they are deprived not only of freedom, but also in fact of property. these concentration camps cannot be fully compared with those intended for the physical and psychological destruction of their inhabitants. in the fifteenth year, military terror against rusyns reached such a scale that the emperor of france joseph was forced to issue a special decree, it said that it was not necessary suspect everyone. those who call themselves russians in disloyalty to the throne, and the military should be more restrained in the application of punitive measures in the newspapers , it was forbidden to publish photographs of moscow filov hanged at the same time, in order to once again prove the existence of a russian conspiracy of the capital, two major political processes were organized,

on june 21 1915, in wine began the first trial against galician russian public figures who were arrested. at the very beginning of the first world war, two deputy of the austrian parliament, dmitry makov and vladimir kuylovich, two lawyers, two galician peasants and a newspaper correspondent. new time, speaking on the part of the prosecution, the expert directly stated, since mr. ma even in the austrian parliament managed to make speeches in russian. he cannot be a good austrian and must be judged according to the laws of war. the witnesses at the trial were representatives of the ukrainian nationalist organizations of galicia, who received generous financial assistance and for the austrian treasury. the essence of their accusations boiled down to the fact that there can be no russian people in the austrians of hungary, but only loyal ukrainians, therefore everyone who calls himself russian and uses the russian literary language commits

a grave state crime. even help to the starving galicians in 1913. they regarded it as a moscowphile provocation. the military who organized these high treason trials pursued one goal to prove at any cost that their actions against rusyns were absolutely correct and i quote verbatim that in galicia there are still not enough people hanged and shot, in fact. with the help of these trials, they tried again to restore the suspicion of disloyalty to the vast majority of the russian population of galicia. most importantly, the accused member of the austrian parliament, dmitry markov, brilliantly parried all the accusations, reminding the court that the activities of the safils took place exclusively within the framework of the law in his last word. he declared that the power of truth protects me, and its power is insurmountable. it's true

my national idea is the idea of ​​cultural and national unity of russian tribes. i am convinced that it will find its way to the light of all the vienna trials over the galician ones. forces took place here in the building of the district court of landa above, since there was no direct evidence of their treason, ordinary russian newspapers and magazines received by state austrian mail appeared as evidence, and even private postcards with views of russian cities. one of the most absurd accusations was that allegedly russophiles they wanted to separate hollitia from austria-hungary and annex it to the russian empire by promoting the russian language and literature among the local peasants. despite the complete absence of concrete evidence, the court sentenced all seven accused to death by hanging, another 17

galician-russian public figures were sentenced to death during the second vienna trial in 1917. today, all the materials of the vienna trials, as well as documents relating to the deportation of galician rusyns in the concentration camps of talergs and terezin, are located here in state archive. austria today. we will see them for the first time. the verbatim record of the first vienna trial alone consists of 40 large volumes. we were shown death sentences that were never carried out, according to an employee of the military department klaus of the film, all those sentenced to the gallows rusin at the last moment were saved by the russian emperor nicholas ii through the spanish king, he managed to achieve the replacement of the death penalty with life imprisonment, and already in the spring 1917 the

new austrian emperor charles first announced imam mission. he also put an end to the history of the concentration camp talerhof after the death of france joseph , the military was ordered to release all the prisoners to freedom, and the concentration camp itself was liquidated in its rescripters. the first wrote that all arrested russians were innocent, but they were arrested so as not to become true. sirusin, who ended their lives on the gallows or in concentration camps, were no longer able to appreciate the generosity of the new emperor. it is interesting that back in 1915 and the sixteenth years, many prisoners of the talerhof were offered early release. for to do this, it was necessary to fulfill only one condition to sign up in the new documents not by russians but by ukrainians. however, most of the gallic rusyns refused this proposal. as far as i know from my ancestors. you could easily enroll in the

ukrainians let you out on all four sides. it was free. here, however, they did not do this, but obviously they understood why they did not do this and why this was unacceptable for them. they understood that they were suffering for the motherland, they were suffering for the unity of russia, they were suffering for the faith . theirs and in fact it was well, their contribution to the fight against the occupation of size from austria. the city of brody, lviv region, in 1914, the austrians arrested 60 people here, some of whom disappeared in the talerhof, among those arrested were three local priests. today, as elsewhere in western ukraine, in the center of the city there is a monument to the victims of stalinism and upa fighters; the victims of the austro-hungarian terror did not even have a single, even the most

modest reminder during the time of president yushchenko on this topic, an unspoken ban was generally imposed. perhaps to avoid various dangerous associations. after all, it was the orange authorities who were declared traitors to ukraine and moscow agents. all those who remained faithful to the canonical faith of their ancestors, approved here by the baptist of russia and the apostle prince vladimir gently abide lucius, fore, did not save. you are very holy. after all the churches were taken away from the orthodox fords, father yaroslav served in an ordinary apartment, the entire parish then consisted of six people, mostly elderly people, then the believers bought a piece of land and prayed in a construction trailer, when the trailer stopped accommodating new parishioners, they decided to build a church. but as soon as the building began to take on the appearance of a temple

, various commissions began to frequent the site, the local police imposed huge fines on the parish deputies of the district council from the nationalist party. freedom was required to carry the drums. those placed under the domes rained down, threats and warnings in the form of leaflets and anonymous letters, but the believers did not surrender to the orthodox states. you are always not fell asleep and forever and ever glory to christ all over the world and there will be dokicha in kiev so that the lord sends me to the boss to die so that she buries it as a psycho orthodox people have in common with the departure of president yushchenko the passions around the construction of the pautikhli, although the money

for the worthy of the temple is still not enough services go strictly on schedule during the persecution, the number of parishioners of the only canonical church of the moscow patriarchate in the clan has grown from six to three hundred people every summer, believers make a procession to the holy dormition pochaev lavra in order to venerate those who are. there the great orthodox saints, and this year a miracle happened here in an unfinished church behind myrrh streams. one of the icons of the mother of god is the water of nakhmelnitsky, first of all i want to remember bohdan khmelnitsky, our people revere him very much, they erect monuments to him, but they forgot his testament, no matter how you share the holy trinity, you can’t divide the three slavic peoples russia, ukraine and belarus, these are three brothers, three sisters are inseparable, as the holy trinity itself in this unity is our great strength and our victory over

an invisible enemy the devil.

last night, the sixth block of the zaporizhzhya nuclear power plant was stopped, the only one that was still functioning, as reported by local authorities, the decision was made after all the power lines through which energy entered the system were killed by aimed fire from ukrainian artillery, however, the shutdown was controlled, there remains the possibility of restarting olga kurlaeva with details. we have been working closely for the last week, if not more, in a steam-powered nuclear power plant and watching how it is being tried. to destabilize her work in particular even when the mission is rich.