and to break the single educational space with russia where the school has been studying for 11 years, almost 80% of ukrainians did not support such a reform, and the verkhovna rada a few years later returned the 11-year-old school. during the first reform, the subject, russian literature, was removed from the curriculum of ukrainian schools. it was replaced with a foreign work of russian writers. they were preserved in it, but the hours for their study significantly reduced the second reform of secondary education. after 2014, she returned to school again for 12 years, but this was no longer the main irritant for parents and teachers reform assumed a complete transition to the ukrainian language. teaching was an exception only for crimean tatar schools. there they could study in their native language and study ukrainian in depth in all other schools russian hungarian polish romanian

. the native language is studied only in the lower grades. and then almost all subjects are taught only in the state languages ​​of all national minorities were left out of the ukrainian school. you enter school reforms in ukraine the most changes was introduced into programs and textbooks of humanitarian courses. the history of ukraine has turned into some kind of jumps in time. first there was an ancient ukrainian state. kievan rus ukraine then a leap into several centuries and immediately the cossack power of the hitmanshchina, which fought for its independence with all its neighbors, the poles, the turks of moscow, and after the people's liberation struggle against the colonial oppression of the russian empire, which was replaced by the ussr, the great patriotic war was not, it was soviet german and in her serious ukrainians from the un and the upa played a role. and the latest

innovations in the ukrainian school are the refusal to study the russian language and the exclusion of all russian writers from the course of foreign literature. you have probably already heard about how school bells rang this year in different parts of ukraine, and what they will teach there in the story of anna efimova at an alarming time with the start of the new academic year, many schools in ukraine opened their doors, but certainly not all in ukraine. the moment of february 24 there were students from the first to the twelfth grade of order 1 million 200.000. unfortunately, today it is no more than 640 thousand that are on the territory of ukraine, those that ukraine controls at the beginning of summer, the ministry of education and science assured ukrainian schools would study offline, but even then many parents. this idea raised

questions, but by september, given the map of hostilities, quite specific answers to these questions appeared in the online format. first of all, classes of 12 classes will be held. we have 5.704 confirmed inclusion in the online format 3.000 schoolchildren who will definitely join in the format of 4,000 schoolchildren who study in a related form, based on the situation, far enough from the contact line 83% of parents support classes only online and in dnipro on september 1 for all schoolchildren without exception. studies. started remotely at the same time in kiev 70% of parents chose for their children. full-time training a key issue in establishing full-time training is the availability of a

bomb shelter. they are not everywhere, so schools are forced to conduct classes in two shifts. although the question of whom and how to teach largely depends on the distance from the front line, for example, that in kharkov the academic year can only begin online, the mayor of the city announced back in mid-july, the next problem is the provision of textbooks, the school curriculum, which was already mercilessly corrected in the square last decades with the beginning of the fighting. and it has completely undergone radical changes from corrections in the manuals of the typography just do not keep up with me yet, when i was a teacher, i had a clear idea that i was where it was necessary, including in ukraine. judging by the history textbooks in ukraine, they teach to hate russia . so in the work plans for the study of history. now

there is a separate educational block dedicated to the conflict between russia and ukraine in 2014, such concepts as rashism before are introduced. instead it was more restrained policy of russification of russian writers. now they even removed foreign literature from the course, replacing them with western ones, according to ukrainian education officials. all those heavy works, which describe the suffering of the russian soul, ukrainians do not need at all. well, for example, like war and peace in ukraine, there will no longer be all this chanting of the troops. all this will be excluded from the program of foreign literature. and the lugansk republics, then, despite all the difficulties at the desks. hundreds of thousands of schoolchildren also sat there, teaching available in both face-to-face and remote formats. all studies in russian ukrainian will also remain, but as an elective at will. and what to do i wrote in cursive i studied, my mother

came to the city to buy clothes about it, everything was getting ready to collect a portfolio for the school year in new realities. carefully prepared not only schoolchildren, but also teachers themselves, under the patronage of the ministry of education of russia, professional retraining courses were organized this year, teachers from the kherson region, zaporozhye and other regions gathered in in the crimea, we will gradually integrate very useful courses, because every day i meet with teachers, and who are titans in the field of pedagogy, because uh-huh, how much i worked at school, how much i studied. i am a very good teacher, after all. i learn a lot of new things, especially about the digitalization of education. it's never difficult for us. we are always ready for change. even if there are some differences, they are not so global. i am sure we can handle it 100%. the difference in programs exists in many ways

subjects, in addition to the same history or russian literature, high school students in an independent school did not study social science, which is so necessary for admission to most humanitarian and creative areas, instead of it in the schedule of ukrainian schools there was a lesson in jurisprudence, you need to understand that these are all those textbooks that have been the kids studied there, and often, uh, in their content they had things that well, even, to be honest, i don’t want to say these are things related to a certain positioning of children. e in progress educational process. eh, the education of a certain attitude, including towards the russian federation to the people of the russian federation, is not in a single russian textbook. you will not find a single bad word not in relation to either the people of ukraine or any other e country, and in the world, the ukrainian authorities have already stated that training in russian programs is not and they threatened a teacher who

nevertheless dares to go to work in terms of collaborationism . true, what to live on at the same time was not explained. for the second month already, teachers in the so -called uncontrolled territories, despite all the assurances and guarantees of the official kiev are not paid salaries anna efimova valery savelyev anastasia popova typical ukraine about what the change in the ukrainian school after two reforms led to. and what will have to be changed in school curricula in the liberated territories, we will talk about this with our permanent expert historian alexander vasiliev. hello sasha, good afternoon sasha uh in ukrainian schools this year the program is saturated with military propaganda. this means that children will also fight. well, it's like minimum means that those who write these programs. uh, they want to demonstrate that they are also

doing something for the defense of the country. yes, and most importantly, they expect that everything really is. it will take a very long time and uh, including uh, these students of today's school will have to take up arms, but there it is. and this is a fact, as if they wrote about it with us, as far as history is concerned. for example, such terms as rashism are introduced into the curriculum, and it turns out that even wikipedia has an ls article, where it is directly scientific base, and under it is summed up. that is, this is not just some sort of scolding on the internet, yes, but there is a whole one, the american historian is visible there, he wrote a whole article on this topic. everyone is referring to it now. this is the basis for being able to contribute, including in the curriculum of education. well, this is, as they say, the first step in this direction, but right there and, as it were, in addition to this, but one trend. she is clearly visible. uh, well, this is finally the

funeral of any russian language and literature in ukrainian school. uh, you need to understand that today they are trying to present it in such a way that after the start, it means hostilities. yes, now we explain everything to another. yes, but in fact , it's not like any person knows perfectly well that in general, for example, a separate subject of russian literature did not exist at all. yes, and all russian classics, together with gogol, for example, foreign literature, of course, yes, and now they just cleared this course, and two things are often confused from these authors and one more thing. it is the language of teaching and learning language. if somewhere there often at the request of the parents. uh, in high school. maybe 1 hour of russian at school in some territories. yes, but at the same time, all other items are read in ukrainian, so this change they are so symbolically more ostentatious, but

in character. let's not forget yet. here's another thing, that in ukrainian schools, and this year new people came, and these are not students. they are teachers and parents. yes , schools have become en masse, and the object of accommodation, but of the armed forces. yes, that is just military bases converted en masse area. yes, and we already know that, there is this adequate international ministry that recorded all this. that is, these are not some of our fantasies on the topic, so this is also the case today when we talk about education and schools. eh, it's also impossible not to mention it, so to speak. and what is already happening in the liberated territories, the schools of donetsk, kherson, zaporozhye, the situation is very different. and here, when they usually talk about it, they operate on a certain average temperature in hospital. they say there is an open school, and so on and so forth there are teachers. but the situation is very different in the same kherson region . e, means the right bank part. yes, and western

she is actually the entire pre-front zone, and therefore, here i am, for example, uh, talking to the head of the notorious chernobaevka. yes, and he's all of this at what a really big problem. what flies literally into the village and how to lead children to school and teachers to be afraid and parents are afraid and so on. for example, such a seaside city, berdyansk, zaporozhye region, yes, which are as far away as possible. front lines, there are practically no problems at all with the beginning of training on a low staff with teachers not with a desire, especially parents to lead their children to school, that is, very, very different, although resistance. uh, ukrainian is coming, but simply through all possible channels, that is, you need to understand that literally, you know, some such stories about the bandera people of the thirties come to mind. yes, because i personally know such cases when, including in zaporozhye region, but people in masks as a teacher can simply come at night to threaten death. to her, her children, and so forth, it happens, but still. hey, classes have started. this is already a big win. but

what to do with programs now, of course, in the liberated territories. these are russian programs, russian textbooks. they will make these programs as close as possible to russian ones. but in the future, uh, does it make sense to simply switch to russian programs and still you can use something, or at least save from ukrainian programs or complement russian programs? somehow, uh, well, the ukrainian component. well, the situation, in fact, is, of course, very difficult here, because the academic year needs to be launched promptly and there is time for such a competent adaptation to a smooth transition. so to say curricula standards, its just physically. no, that is, the question is, either you will prepare this process, or you will already begin to teach children. ah, as for that, er, there, that 's from the ukrainian program. there you can take it or not take it here, of course, it lies on the surface humanitarian issue. yes, the history of literature. yes, that is, it is clear that, well, it is impossible according to ukrainian textbooks. yes, even there, before the war times of yanukovych, yes, you can’t, of course, teach them,

because they already have these grains, so to speak , cowardice, but they are laid down and understandable. this applies to literature, which i repeat. there were simply no objects at all. here, she is very much needed. uh, of course, the regional component of the insane is very important, that is, it needs to be shown in every humanitarian training cycle, and in these territories, that this is not some other planet for russia, right? that it was here that the key events took place, the key heroes of our history acted here, this land gave birth and carried our geniuses, literature, and so on, so to speak. it is directly necessary to show that it was someone who was brought to you, on the contrary, they let you touch your own, but history and culture. well, in this regard, adaptation is, of course, certainly required, but there is another point, but about which they are less talked about now. think about the problem children who taught mathematics, physics, chemistry, and science in ukrainian. yes, and all the terminology from the first grade for most children was completely different and, uh, for them. that is, as

a teacher, i even encountered this at the university, when the terminology is russian-speaking children, only ukrainian terminology is known. in the end. they simply cannot fully master even the subject. this will be a very big problem, which i did not even pay attention to, what someone said, of course, is very important. that is concerning. yes, yes, it's dark there. why this terminology itself? it’s just that even against the background of the ukrainian language it’s absolutely perpendicular to it, so, to be honest, to say, yes, that is, its artificiality in this area directly, well, it doesn’t need special evidence and, of course, very important, and the pedagogical staff and that that there is already an active recruitment of personnel from russia and this must be continued unconditionally. i mean, uh, you have to be very active. especially i think there for young e teachers. it could be like this a very important step in a career, moreover, but to do it in exactly this kind of such volunteerism. yes , because i know a lot of people who would like to go there, and so to speak, just at the call of the heart. and this needs to be actively developed and

supported even then. well, of course, it's understandable. how difficult this school year will be. eh, but i think that there is everything to implement, what can i say? i said what is already being done in this regard, of course, otherwise i think that we will fine-tune this system and adapt this undeniably serious illness. well will pass. sasha thank you very much for an interesting story. the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov, which washes the southeast of ukraine and southwest russia, is the shallowest sea in the world, its maximum depth is 13.5 m, and the average is only about 7 and a little warm, modest in size, almost unsalted water. in the black sea, twice as salty as some 100 years ago, the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov was considered the most fishy place in the world per hectare of water, almost a centner could be caught. more than 70 different species of bream are found here. and ram to the

black sea flounder mullet, and even beluga with sowing. and also the sea of ​​azov - this is access to shipping routes from two industrial regions for several krivoy rog railway and donbass coal basin. the sea of ​​azov and the kerch strait were considered internal waters of russia and ukraine, which was recorded in the agreement on the joint use of the sea, signed in 2003. true, ukraine in 2015 tore it apart. however, over the 12 years of the agreement, it has not been possible to agree on the main point, where the russian-ukrainian border passes. in the sea of ​​azov. moscow offered to draw it along the kerch fairway of the inikal canal, which is located west of the tuzla spit, kiev insisted on a line that still separated the soviet republics, it allegedly passed east of tuzla, although in the ussr the internal borders were

not drawn by water. in the middle of the 2000s, ukraine even offered to recognize the azov not as internal, but as international waters. this would allow nato ships to enter them without the consent of russia. russia did not agree to this today, ukraine has lost access to the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov, all the main ports on the coast, berdyansk mariupol and genichesk are under the control of the allied forces of russia and the republics of donbass we will tell about berdyansk the sea gates of zaporozhye nogai wagon and a plow on a green background anchor on blue on the emblem of berdyansk its past and present symbols of the nomadic lifestyle of the first settlers of the active development of agriculture, settled and the main location on the azov coast, where berdyansk bow is now, there are several healings of such rather large ones. uh, the most hard-nosed

great russians, immigrants from the bestial provinces the nogais roamed, the nogais are such, the tyuk people. uh, basically nogais and several peoples. these are exactly those who were in the osa of the crimean khan, therefore they often consider them to be nomadic crimean tatami in the 16th century, here the cossack line passed at the mouth of the berd, and at the end of the 18th century , by decree of catherine ii, on the left bank of this river, flowing into the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov, they built peter's defensive fortress, when russia was actively developing its own, well, acquired lands. let's say novorossiya. uh, arose uh, a whole series fortresses in their south. uh, now, uh, there are practically no remains, there were also the so-called dnieper line . if i’m not mistaken, there are about seven fortresses in different places, however, these lands, near the azov region in history, were destined to play not a defensive, but an important economic role at the beginning of the 19th century,

the russian empire needed a port on the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov to export grain, which was available at that time taganrog is shallow to load and unload ships. it was necessary to move away from the coast , the governor-general of novorossia. count michael vorontsov sends an expedition to explore the northern coast of the sea of ​​azov. special surveyors of special naval teams from russia nicholas of crete is only in general a greek by birth. that's where they came to the conclusion. what "yes. and here is a place where the river is rich in rich tongues, very suitable . you can start a pier port, which is perhaps sevastopol and give way in 1827 for a new pier allocate land. this date is considered the year the foundation of berdyansk and already in 1830, the official opening ceremony of this sea gate from the new south port was predicted to benefit not only

the nearest catherine and tauride provinces, but also to other russian territories, the settlement, and since 1835 the city has been growing rapidly in 1838. already 3,000 people live here, and by the end of the xix century 26.5 thousand. streams of colonists, the liberated greeks, moved to these lands. bulgarians crimean karaites jews, germans, colonists who were invited by the government of imperial russia all these peoples actively involved in the economic development of the cultural development of this region in 1836 , only one foreign vessel entered berdyansk, but a year later there were 50 such ships one after another in the city, nine countries open their consulates, including greece england italy and france are building 200 grain warehouses are building factories

for the production of bricks, tiles, candles, ropes, fish processing, merchants who received benefits from the government, when moving to berdyansk , founded here the first in the russian empire credit union, the real dawn came in the 870s, when the head of the polat became general. resai is a geo man, by the way, from the kansk war, this is admiral pyotr petrovich schmidt, the hero of sevastopol, and who really spent the night working, built a powerful new one under this, damn it, generously from his own funds. it cost a lot of pieces there at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in asia berdyansk castinayut to build resort boarding houses, the first mud clinic was opened in 1902, and in 1940 there were already more than 20 purdzhi. berdyansk over time, it became as significant for the azov coast as odessa was for the black sea port,

through which, uh, just uh, well, roughly speaking, this grain shaft went and hmm, the significance of this port is practically until today. she is. eh, it was precisely by them, uh, uh, in this specialization. at the same time, let's say the berdyansk port is e hmm out of competition. in this sense, there remains a comparison with the mariupol from e, hygienic after 2014, the port in berdyansk, contrary to the prophecy of the captain of crete, even overtook his competitor the port of sevastopol annually its cargo turnover increased by the third in 2020 amounted to more than 2 million. olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev typical ukraine everything we wanted to tell. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. good luck to you. is she ready? are you

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, we all go what worries everyone is there any light in the political storm of dissatisfaction with such a cheeky bottomless line. in this regard, he is an optimist. with what success lavrov congratulated miller and what is happening behind putin's back what will be interesting to watch will start soon in kamchatka in vladivostok we have seen and will show more than others moscow the kremlin putin is watching on sunday at 22:00.

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the last operating power unit of the zaporizhzhya npp was stopped. why did you have to take such a step? what are the consequences for energodar and why is the iaea inactive on the last third day of voting elections of governors regional chambers in city dumas how