the ukrainian authorities tried to carry out terrorist attacks on russian nuclear facilities, but nothing came of them. vladimir putin said this. answering questions following the summit of the shanghai cooperation organization, russia noted that russia is still responding with restraint to ukrainian strikes, but everything can change if kiev continues in the same spirit. we are indeed quite restrained in our response to this, but for the time being. just recently , the russian armed forces delivered a couple of sensitive blows there, but how will we consider that this warning strike, if the situation continues to develop in this way, then the answer will be more serious with regard to terrorist attacks. yes, this is such a serious thing. this is essentially the use of terrorist methods. we see this in the killings of officials in the hmm and liberated

territories. we see this, uh, even an attempt to carry out terrorist attacks on the territory of the russian federation, including even attempts to carry out. terrorist attacks, if not on the facilities themselves, then around our nuclear facilities of nuclear power plants on the territory of the russian federation i'm not talking about about the zaporozhye tatarstan station, we see it all, control it, of course, and, uh, we will do everything to prevent a negative development of events, and the answer will be if they don’t understand, after all, that such, er, such methods are unacceptable. the president also stressed that the plan of the special operation is not subject to adjustment and all the assigned tasks will be solved. the main goal is to liberate the entire territory of donbass, this work continues, despite these attempts to counteroffensive by the ukrainian army. we have

an offensive operation. actually, it is not stop. they are moving at a slow pace, but gradually, gradually, the russian army is occupying new new territories. i pay attention. we are not fighting a full army, but they are only part of the russian army, only contract units. well, naturally, uh, it is connected with, uh, certain parameters of the personnel and so on. er, that's why we're not rushing into this part, but er, by and large, essentially no changes. no, the general staff thinks something. something minor uh, but uh, main task remains unchanged and it is being implemented, the president of russia also said that he discussed with his colleague from turkey the so-called grain deal parameters, which the west violates only three ships and out of 121

were sent to the poorest countries. and there, the activity of erdogan and our bilateral meeting also raised the issue that hmm, after all, the main volume of this grain should be sent to the poorest countries under the food program program. he, but it does not depend on us, we only assumed the obligation to organize the withdrawal. with this side we do it. so, when we talk about the export of grain from ukraine, you know who american companies carry it. they own this grain. mostly in large part. it turned out that the lands in ukraine had long been sold to american companies. this is the grain they are their grain wars. so therefore a lot and apparently, there was talk about this. in europe, many people are accustomed to living at the expense of others and still cannot get rid of this paradigm, vladimir putin emphasized the decision on russian fertilizers, which was adopted by european commission. the president called it shameful, since the ban was lifted only for eu members and the poorest countries again got nothing russian

reaction. this is generally an unprecedented ugly solution. i would say from the outside. uh, the european commission under the shameful withdraw. uh, lift the ban on the purchase of our fertilizers. but only for their own countries for the eu member countries but really, what about the poorest country in the world, how about the rhetoric that all our joint efforts should be aimed at preventing hunger in these the poorest countries. it's all bluff just to solve their selfish tasks and problems that are created. by their own hands and the area, uh, food supply and the area. power engineers created problems. now solve them at someone else's expense. but this is just a disgrace, but i hope common sense. in the end, our european commission colleagues will have enough

to correct this mistake. hello on the air international review in the studio fyodor lukyanov today in the international program overview event of the week chronicles facts comments, the largest gathering of non-western countries in samarkand the sco summit is held story from the scene the world economy is famous for the grain deal to the energy shortage the formation of new approaches what can kings really role of the monarchy in the modern world materials of our program? in samarkand, a summit meeting of the shanghai cooperation organization was held, the largest gathering in the history of the sco. now it is the main political structure of eurasia, uniting the most significant powers. those who are not included

like, for example, turkey or azerbaijan still consider it important to attend. after the collapse of the ussr, china and a number of cis states bordering it were forced to settle territorial disputes. in the ninety-sixth year , the shanghai five appeared, china russia kazakhstan kyrgyzstan and tajikistan already in the 2000s, permanent cooperation mechanisms began to appear in june 2001 uzbekistan joined the five, a shanghai organization appeared cooperation, the shanghai six, as it was then called then, the main goal was to ensure regional security in 2005, iran tried to join, but because of the sanctions, it received only observer status in 2017, india and pakistan joined the organization, but left there are four more observer countries. these are afghanistan, belarus, iran, mongolia, and

azerbaijan's six dialogue partner countries, armenia, cambodia, turkey, and sherilanka. in september last year, at the sco anniversary summit in dushanbe, the procedure for granting full membership to iran, and the status of partners to egypt to the boat and saudi arabia today the sco is one of the world's largest regional associations in common. the territory of the participating country exceeds 34 million m². this is more than 60% of the territory of eurasia, an important task of the organization is the implementation of the chinese transport corridor. one belt one way. there is a set of facts that are listed when they talk about the importance of the sco , the population of the participating states, almost half of humanity, the total territory, a fifth of the world, the total economic weight of a third

of world gdp is all true, but mechanical addition potentials in itself does not say anything more important than anything else. eurasia is taking shape as an interconnected space where a self-sufficient geo-economic complex can arise in the heyday of globalization. it was believed that trade and economic ties entangled the planet so tightly that distance is no longer so important, sometimes it is easier to bring a product or provide a service from the other side of the world than to establish relations with neighbors. it turned out that the open world can collapse due to a pandemic economic war even biological battles and stop the freedom of contacts much easier. what did they think? the farther the counterparties are from each other, the more ways third parties have to restrict access and vice versa. the closer, the more reliable the connection, before

the world order was built from the top down from the global system of rules and relations to their regional and national incarnations. now the scheme is inverted countries gather in the regions of the community, and then they enter or not into global interaction, these are qualitative changes. back in 2000, india, russia and iran signed an agreement on the creation of an international transport corridor. north, south, later it was joined by 10 more countries, among which azerbaijan, armenia and kazakhstan, it was planned that the path through caste would connect the baltic countries to india, but in the conditions when europe closed the new corridor can only be used to deliver goods to russia, another equally important transport artery is the northern sea route is the shortest road from europe to the far east twice, shorter than through the soviet channel. the main

disadvantage is difficult natural conditions and limited time. naturally, year-round navigation is possible only with the help of nuclear icebreakers, the oldest transport corridor is the trans-siberian railway, which is being built more than 100 years ago, the journey from moscow to vladivostok takes 7 days. nineties volumes were transported, but during the pandemic, due to the logistics crisis, trans everything seemed to be in high demand its competitor could be the new silk road idea is based on the historical example of the great silk road, an important and trade route of antiquity and the middle ages in 2013. chinese leaders xi jinping in astana put forward a new concept under the nose of one train one way. this is a global strategy of land and sea

routes from china to europe via pakistan central asia russia or turkey water silk road. the key direction of chinese maritime trade across the indian ocean. in the middle east , oil flows from here to china. security should ensure the pearl necklace strategy of building a chain of chinese strongholds, as has been done in the past. british empire and the role of the prospects of the shanghai organization we will talk with two excellent experts rashid alimov a tajik diplomat on the official list, among other things the post of general secretary of the sco sanjay barro is visible, an indian international scholar in the past a high-ranking statesman. rashidka was convinced this year of unprecedented interest in the sco. there are some special reasons for the decisions to be made on really. uh, that in samarkand they will be to

a large extent, so to speak, the vector of development and the world economy, kemerovo politics. well, it seems to me, but in any case, the interests themselves. this is a very big party very much. and, of course, decisions that will be primarily related to the reception of erana. well, by launching the procedure for receiving belarus, that is, what about expanding. moreover, as we have seen lately. er, the arab states show great interest in the activities and interaction of the sco. uh this year, apparently three more arab states to join the sco, it will turn out six, and moreover, this excel is very influential on the state, in other words, how to say the sco, it will worry. e in samarkand well , figuratively speaking, so to speak, his elevation. here, uh, geography, its going to expand. well, and,

of course, responsibility for affairs not only in the region, but also in the world will increase for 5 years, the expectations from membership for india were met, the sco fits perfectly into the way we understand a multipolar world, india's common course interacts with many organizations with the time of the end of the cold war and the actual cessation of the non-alignment movement. india seeks to work in different forms. avoiding being on one of the sides in some conflict situations the second reason, and it, of course, does not contradict the first, is india's desire to establish close ties with what we call an extended neighborhood. there is a look to the east policy within which we develop our relations with vietnam, japan to the axis countries, there is a look to the west policy, this is the gulf monarchy in particular saudi arabia well, of course, central asia is very important for us historically sco, it just successfully complements our other views in different

directions alimov, the more participants, the more difficult it is to organize processes to make a decision. so after all , the participants in the show are equal with her, regardless of size. eh, territories of the economic potential of the population, and all e decisions are made without a vote on the basis of consensus, which just makes it possible to overcome e, disagreements arose during them, huh? here is the entry into the period uh, well, so let's say the solution of practical problems of such a multidisciplinary interaction and an increase in the number of cooperation formats. well, for example, now there are more than 30 of them, uh, and finally, the expansion of the sco family, and this expansion, so to speak. well, if we talk about observers, so to speak, it started in 2004-2005 , then there was a big pause and only one finnish forum. uh, well, there's a summit of 2,000.

uh, in the fifteenth year. this is the first decisions were made. this is how, naturally, difficulties arose and arise in the functioning of the organization in our days. e shos. eh, this is certainly already an independent, as it were, factor in the world political landscape, without which it is already impossible to imagine the modern architecture of international relations. but at the same time, that certainly are reforms that are in my opinion. they must allow it to become even more effective, and mr. varum, how much sino- indian contradictions interfere with work within the framework of the sco and whether it is possible to leave them somehow outside the brackets of this format themselves in samarkand is an important test if the chairman of the si and prime minister vogue can use meeting to improve relations, which have become clearly worse in 2-3 years. this means that the sco can serve as a platform for overcoming such problems. many in both countries. we would like to improve the obstacles that neither leadership

is ready to approach the border issue lacks political courage. at least just to put it up for discussion, an endless series of mutual claims, accompanied by increasingly violent clashes. in principle, approaches can be found, but no one is ready, both sides are afraid internal consequences, which are fraught with, and possibly agreements. how much bilateral contradictions interfere in every possible way india pakistan india china tajikistan kyrgyzstan i was still connected by a highway, and difficulties. uh, fourteen years old and i want to tell you that, of course, uh, during the negotiation processes, so to speak. eh, it took a lot of time. e, patience, which is very important, and e, although , for example, the six, so to speak, have accumulated many years of experience, leaving e during the time of the shanghai five. anyway, so to speak, get used to it and find some common denominator. e was e at the

first stage is very difficult. so now, when what has already entered the trajectory, it's like an expansion. uh, there were also, quite expected, such concerns about whether representatives of completely different people would be able to. i would say that you know diplomatic practitioners yes, but find a common language and come to an consensus. that's especially the word on the state. that's what you said. india e pakistan soon iran will come. uh, well, it was believed that after replenishing the organization with a new member in situations. it can get more complicated, but uh, it must be admitted, the more the accession of india to pakistan would be with me, so to speak, i was directly involved in this very complex process. i want to say, after all, here is the sho-sho style of interaction between partners, first of all, i mean the culture of a dialogue approach. yes

, she helps. find solutions to existing problems. no matter how sharp they are, they don’t seem to be in other words, but the sco knows how to still listen to hear and listen to each other and to this word find. what is the general formula for the joint development of the theme. this unity is connected with eurasia , this is in the interests of all india. while it is not an organic part of eurasia, it is rather its continuation to the ocean. the himalayas cut india off from eurasia, and relations with pakistan hinder the development of ties with central asia. so india has been disconnected from eurasia for a long time and our entry in shos. a step towards full accession iran, whose entry is now announced or turkey, which is represented at the meeting, is highly included in eurasia, but there is a need to expand the range of countries with which no one wants to actively communicate in a

bipolar situation. like the one during the cold war, for the us and china to dictate. how the world system and everything is arranged according to that this should not be. and how do you see progress towards increasing connectivity is a whole series of documents aimed at developing interconnectedness and the consciousness of efficient codes. now these corridors are six and one of them begins. and ends in st. petersburg. you represent about 9.000 km, the green corridor and there will be more such corridors. uh, all the more, so to speak, if iran also opens up and of course, if uh turkmenistan uh joins the agreement on favorable conditions for uh, uh, and road transport then any cargo, so to speak, from one point so well , quiet ocean, you can safely, uh,

come through the green corridor, so to speak , interaction is developing up to the persian gulf. e railway administrations and developing railways between the connecting, so to speak state, therefore, created within. e, shos, mechanism of interaction and formats of cooperation. they already represent a unique opportunity to combine such national interests of each state. as a member of an organization with interests in the development of the sco region as a whole, of course, this is a very difficult, such a complex big one. this, by the way, is work, but at the same time, uh, the sco understands perfectly well that the fundamental changes that the entire system of international relations is currently undergoing. especially uh, economically dictates such a need to prepare an economic development strategy highway region, such a proposal was made.

that's someone back, and the president of tajikistan to him or rahmon, it was supported this year as well. it is literally the time for tajikistan to submit a draft of this document. e, in the development of which they participated. by the way, many states are leading experts, including the onsky and the council of heads of government. there, once again, which will meet in china, they will consider it, programs will be adopted. regulation of industrial cooperation of digital and infrastructure development e, and. uh, no one doubts that the sco member states are already focused on building such a stable and efficient economic system. thank you eurasia. we talked with rashid alimov and sanjay baru. polite guests always praise the hosts for the reception, but in the case of a samokand, there is every

reason to do it with a clear conscience, uzbekistan generally put its soul into its chairmanship. this is not just a ceremony in such multi-component and complex structures as the sco, the role of small and medium-sized countries is invaluable for maintaining a balance flexibility, which is not always inherent in giants , the presence of central asian states in the sco gives stability to the structure, expanding opportunities for the giants about how samarkand received guests, vgtrk correspondent robert frantsev. paper production according to ancient technology in samarkand has recreated a unique ancient technique using only manual labor, molding, drying, pressing and the final stage of grinding. all paper is ready. that's for sure, what is written with a pen cannot be cut down with an ax, such manuscripts do not even burn and keep history for thousands of years

ancient uzbek civilization. now the history of new uzbekistan is being written on such scrolls, and the new uzbekistan is impressive. the country is following the path of tectonic reforms. growing cities develop modern industry. the flagship project technopark in tashkent, thanks to the full automation of processes, enterprises are able to produce products every 19 seconds. the ancient registan square for centuries and millennia, perhaps the main crossroads of cultures and civilizations. here, ordinary people met with merchants and scientists. and those who decide fate world, the history of uzbekistan is truly amazing and multifaceted. here in the very center of old samarkand, the orthodox st. alekseevsky cathedral was erected in 1912, before this e, there was a military temple. here, before the revolution, the cossack ural regiment was quartered here, behind the temple there was a parade ground. here there was a

general government nearby. now khakimyat on the territory there were also barracks in soviet times on the territory of the temple. the military unit was located as a reminder of this period, the inscriptions were carved by the military on the ancient masonry. here are different periods and pre-war thirties and late afghanistan and right across the road. there is a catholic church on the next street. we go further and the amazing architecture of the reading room dating from the beginning of the 20th century catches the eye. until the neighboring , confucius park street, a special state visit of the chinese leader xi jinping is open. the visit is timed to coincide with the samarkand summit. it seems that the whole city from among the locals and numerous guests for a few more days and lives in anticipation of this historical event , the attention of the whole world, riveted to samarkand. what kind

expectations what mood? generally here? uh, the very best attention, also really today is a very large whole world because the head of state of twenty states is going to. we didn’t know that such an event was taking place here from vladivostok, we also just had a forum there, so we also got to a similar event in samarkand - this is such a platform that brings the people of eurasia together , without a doubt, will become another of the landmark pages . in the history of not only uzbekistan preparation for this event in the truest sense of the boil. branded pilaf is prepared on some industrial scale pilaf, by the way, is a special samarkand carrot, and when treasures, on the contrary, carrot rice first, listen to health is another

mandatory item in the program of any guest of samarkand mausoleum where the great conqueror tamerlane is buried, this burial is connected the famous legend allegedly it was after its opening that the most terrible war in the history of mankind began, then what they say began, as it were the great war is all, of course, a coincidence. it 's unrealistic. but there is such a belief that it was impossible to open. yes, they say what they wanted, well, some old people say that they cannot hide it by re-closing paid. now the locals themselves are skeptical about this legend, but, apparently, just in case, only the decorative part of the mausoleum is available for guests; the burial itself is hidden for 5 m. the world leaders of the grave of the terrible amir

timur will begin a new chapter in the history of robert franzeferman bayduletov, especially for international review from samarkand after advertising, we will stay in eurasia very much here promisingly. let's translate from clerical, but understandable, everything is not so

scary if there is an instruction. gather a squad, let's go demand, isaac this is michael prince for you. i won't go anywhere.

well, the key but not the only eurasian organization, let's not forget about those where russia is especially active. today our guest is tigran sargsyan a person very well known in eurasia,

including, because for several years he headed the eurasian economic commission, the executive body of the eurasian economic union of tigrants before. hello. good afternoon, let's start. let's start with a general question. uh, the world structure is changing. and if until recently it was believed that everything important happens at some high level, and then it goes down to the regions there to the continents, now it seems the opposite is now the activity and efficiency of regional organizations is becoming a key factor. for success it is, it really is. it seems so to you. when we move from a unipolar bipolar world to a multipolar state, this forces many countries to rethink the content, including economic associations, and each country is looking for forms and content to realize its comparative advantages. the second important factor

is so fundamental that e is now happening e the search for a new economic structure after the industrial one, that is, a society is being formed after the industrial one, where everything is the basic process organizations within the state are no longer the production of goods, but the production of new knowledge, and this also forces us to rethink the economic doctrine of the development of nation states and the third such fundamental factor that we are dealing with. the search for new content, new new meanings, namely, new forms of self-identification of the e nation within the framework of states, we notice that globalization is at the stage of precisely regional associations, that is, regional associations are e. here is a new form of globalization. at this stage, we see what you know mentioned knowledge. it is very important. but until

recently, it was believed that just knowledge they can be produced only at the global global level. there is no way to localize them. this is changing. uh, no, this is a fundamental factor that influences the policy of the state. they must find the right form of organization, it is clear that within the framework of one nation-state it is impossible to fully realize the intellectual potential without integration with other scientific centers, but on the other hand. i am political changes. will not leave a certain framework, the country is forced to look for new partners, including in the field of scientific and technological progress. well, that's what's on the buzz this week. uh, the representativeness is growing, in fact, all the main eurasian countries are already present there. can the sco become some kind of flagship or, in fact, uh, the difference of interests will not allow to

unite at all. well, obviously there is potential to build up the seam, because if it was meant to be a platform for political dialogue, then we see that over time they begin to implement a project, let's say , jointly fight terrorism. we are jointly discussing transport and logistics projects now, a joint position on afghanistan, and it is clear that this platform is in demand. the sides of the participants, especially in the conditions when in a multipolar world everyone is looking for opportunities for a new self-realization of their interests, mentioned the transport logistics topic. uh, there are many very victorious realities on this score, but at the same time we see that the main problem is still eurasia as a whole. this is a very low connectivity very little. actually. this is the network

of contacts. it doesn't match the potential. what is missing. why it doesn't work, there has been a very significant change in the approach to transport and logistics schemes. if earlier we said that the russian federation has a huge transit potential, today it is necessary to rethink this approach in the direction of connectivity, because if we are talking about an increase. self-sufficiency of the russian economy in opposition to sanctions, this suggests that russia must reveal its internal potential and transport and logistics schemes must ensure the realization of its own internal potential. well, connection. uh, russia is one thing, but there is more, or more precisely, there is not enough connectivity between the strange eurasia there is large. even with china, there is clearly not enough. hmm, but there is a very important process going on here. just the

other day, we also signed an agreement on a new transport corridor for kyrgyzstan, uzbekistan, china. this strategic important thing for china, first of all, to diversify its commodity flows. now they are getting the opportunity through this transport corridor through turkmenia to go to azerbaijan to georgia to turkey yes, it is clear, and this is understandable and strongly in the interests of china and in general in the interests. and the eurasian countries, for which it is important to have a diversified transport connection, and the russian federation are obliged to take into account these fundamental changes that are taking place in transport logistics schemes. it's actually in fact, to a greater extent today geopolitics well , this is the topic that is now the hottest, perhaps samarkand was also talked about this and putin and erdogan met in food security in the context of this notorious

food deal, but in fact, it turns out that eurasia is wider in this stormy world. well, it should be the guarantor of the food security of the whole world, but for political reasons, we see otherwise. here is what could and should be done in this area. july 22 in istanbul, ukraine and turkey signed a salon an agreement on the export of grain, as well as fertilizers from ukrainian ports, the same mirror agreement was signed on the same day by representatives of turkey, the un and russia, documents guaranteed the safe export of grain, food and fertilizers and sports to odessa , valid for 4 months, to prevent the supply of weapons in istanbul was an international center was created for the inspection of ships that went to ukraine, another document became a memorandum, and mutual understanding between russia and the un secretariat it was supposed to open access

russian goods to the world market. that is, do not stop western countries from buying russian fertilizers, products, the validity of the memorandum, 3 years ago, speaking at the eastern economic forum, the president of russia said that out of 87 ships that left ukraine, only two were directed to the poor side. estimate the rest ended up in the ports of europe and turkey. putin accused western countries of deceiving the poorest countries and said that russia was ready to give them free fertilizer that had accumulated in the ports of europe, but this is prevented by american and european sanctions, the president's words are confirmed by the un data for itself. the count says the country of destination. this is the place where ships from ukrainian ports were sent. among them , only two countries, djibouti and yemen

, are in dire need of food. points of view. russia itself. it can position itself not only as a regional, but also, uh, world leader in this area, the potential is enormous and it is obvious that this should be one of the priority areas for the development of the russian federation, which is what the whole dispute is about now, what is not allowed to be exported? yes, but i think that these transport communication new logistics schemes that are being built, including around the russian federation, they actually diversify export opportunities, including and for the russian federation so it seems to me inevitable, because let's say if the people's republic of china diversifies its

commodity flows. yes, he is looking for new ways, it is obvious that this creates opportunities for the russian federation, er, to diversify its commodity flows. thank you. tigran sargsyan was with you food security is a drawing of a well-known german on the internet. as a fact, apparently he comes from the middle east, a typical western version of events, the grain corridor is already turkish sight. khalita - this word stylistics is somewhat reminiscent of the illustrations of the book dunno on the moon who gets ukrainian grain drawing by the provocative german artist rainer hackveld on the bowls of the names of the countries of germany italy israel romania and others, but apparently not everyone gets the problems of russian energy in europe american illustrator a harem lady , on the left, they said how warm and cozy the lady was, on the right she was slightly chilled. there

is no more room to maneuver. chinese artist for english-speaking tea making on buckets written sanctions. on the western extremity of eurasia in europe, the processes within the framework of the sco and other sudden organizations are perceived without favor, mostly commented on as a conspiracy of autocrats against the democratic world. however, there are now enough problems of their own. europe may fall into a severe recession, such a forecast was made by analysts of the largest american investment company black, its headquarters is located in new york, and the investment portfolio that it manages reaches $ 10 trillion, the reason for the decline in prices for energy carriers. now the european union spends almost 12% of its gdp on electricity. this is more

than the years of the oil crisis in the seventies; for comparison, in the united states, this figure is half the energy shock, according to american analysts, occurred in europe due to attempts to wean themselves from russian energy sources and now and beyond the critical shortage of resources and high. the costs in the eu countries are closing industrial enterprises in those areas that consume a lot of natural gas. the chemical industry was the first to suffer in august, work was suspended romanian. a giant chemical complex that produces paleols octanol and isobutanol for the manufacture of glue , sealant and varnish in slovakia plans to do the same as the slovak main supplier of aluminum in europe in belgium, even beer producers are under threat of closure, it turns out that prices for liquid carbon dioxide, which is necessary in the production of beer , have increased 13 times on this europe may start to

experience capital outflows billion dollars. on monday, the funeral of elizabeth ii will take place after the death of the queen, the subjects began to perceive her as a figure much more significant than the windsor family seemed. for many years it appeared in the news in connection with scandals, now with the children of the queen, then with grandchildren, but when the head of the family died, the foam subsided, now they are discussing the role and significance of the very institution of the monarchy for the state. there are more than 40 monarchies in the world in japan, for example, the emperor still rules in russia yes, although his role is rather ceremonial in thailand disrespect for the monarch punishable by prison terms king rama the tenth

once sentenced the parents of his third wife to 2.5 years in prison, and the man who published his pictures on facebook to 35 years in prison in andorra , for example, the post of head of state is formally occupied by the bishop of uchel and the president of france, although the power of their ladora, nominally belgium is the youngest european monarchy, king philippe leopold louis has no sons, so he changed the order of the throne, inheritance, the throne will come to his daughter, the duchess. elizabeth is given, on the contrary, the oldest monarchy in the world for over half a century. queen margrethe ii rules there, her ancestry goes back to the vikings. she herself commands the armed forces of the country and is the head of the church. the danish people, king philip vi of spain at one time became the youngest european monarch, after his father abdicated and prince hans adam ii the richest since the

eighty-ninth year. he rules in liechtenstein in the netherlands, on the contrary, the most expensive crowned family of europe, king willim alexander, who does not have power , lives costs the taxpayer 40 million euros a year to the traditions of the northernmost monarchy in the world. in norway for a thousand years, king harald, the fifth, while still crown prince secretly. dated a sony designer but the law didn't allow them to get married then. he stopped abdicating the throne and the government of norway had to reconsider the succession order of the throne . but the swedish royal family is perhaps best known for the fact that king charles has been presenting the nobel prize for the sixteenth year. the british monarch is known to reign, but not ruled by the prerogative of a crowned person. mostly limited to ceremonies. yes, and the symbolism of the throne has already greatly faded. however, a new

king ascended the throne and everyone was excited. will he manage to make mistakes and stupidities? will the commonwealth and the united kingdom itself survive 6 years ago in england they shot the film charles iii based on the play, which was successfully staged on the london stage, the plot is based on it. so we can say on future real events, elizabeth ii dies, she is succeeded by charles, the new king decides suddenly show independence and refuses to sign a law that, in his opinion, infringes on freedom. the words the government insists, then the king dissolves parliament, a nationwide gourmet crisis begins, we advise you to look informative and make you think. like power. is it possible to speculate in reality , we will not speculate the most likely correct answer, and yet we will talk about the transformation of the monarchy with our good friend

oleg horhordin, professor at the european university in st. petersburg oleg really modern ritual monarchy is still, of course, the role of the queen herself in the british political system, and she is much less, for example, than she was carlos the first during the transition of spain to democracy, because there, when franco made the actual heir and commander of the submerged forces of spain and in the coffin descended blessed. so in the trash, carlos was the first to become, in principle, yes, the head of all the officers, when there happened a bunch of the seventy-first year, the capture of parliament, and so on, the path is clear. naturally, by at least counted on his taciturn e, naive considerable silence. they tried to seize ministers and deputies, and he, with an active proclamation on february 24, 1981, that he did not support them. this role was

fundamental in the transition. spain to the political system that we still observe , therefore, the role of the monarch in history is even strong, and in all systems where the role is very limited and largely ritual, as in england, at critical moments, it can still manifest itself as a rather significant character. well, the world is worried. now very turbulent events, almost all control systems in one crisis or another. it may be possible to return power to the crowned person, at least partially in this respect. if the usual questions, but that the arab spring happened, first of all, where there were no monarchs and the guys were hit. so while we look at jordan and look at saudi arabia or the emirates yes, in many respects monarchical regimes, we see that there, well, of course, a contented population

consumes the results of the dollars pumped into the welfare of peter the truth of jordan this seems like no. but there, perhaps, the following should be noted that there, somewhere, the legitimation of the political regime is based on traditional models. yes, hereditary monarchies, then it’s these regimes that are experiencing shake-ups much better than uh, meatball regimes, where uh, a person who comes to power gains legitimacy in many respects if he promises something to the population, and it either supports him or this is a layer , which brought him to power, but he must, so to speak , deliver what he promised and that, if a person does not deliver, then his legitimacy begins to collapse while if god gave, then the king, then, well, yes, you have no other choice

. how to wait? as long as god wants and takes in this respect. by the way, i really like the saying. ah, our colleagues who work in the gender center. so they say it's a patriarchal family. yes, also happy as well as there, such as completely developed. uh, the problem with leading liberal democracies is when they try to change a dense patriarchal family to modernize it, and it starts to move sideways. means developed western countries. this is where all the frustrations are. and in principle, here is the transition through authoritarianism, not traditional through the legitimation of inheritance in the darkness, but through some kind of leader. which, for the benefit of the people, takes over the government of the country, this causes a problem, therefore it is less stable than the traditional mona nu monarchies were considered blessed. but now god cannot give a new monarch. well, in general, to establish a new

dynasty, if a person, having come to power by means of a zarian seizure, for example, power, there having established a stable system of authoritarian control, it may be tempting to transfer it, respectively, he is the heir. well, yes , we see the transfer to the heir, only recently, probably only in the dprk, and then, uh, with a lot of restrictions, but there were attempts by napoleon the third, who was the first to try it. uh, what the priceless democracy chose. he also seized power in 1851. the first thing he did was universal suffrage. like or the revolutionaries after the revolution of the forty-eighth year and relied without any yes forgery of votes on there is a powerful 70% vote for him. well, he came up with the idea of ​​transferring power. e, s.

well, it didn’t happen, because, as you know, he succumbed to bismarck’s trick and lost the war and was captured , and in general, this was the only plan that didn’t happen, that is, people coming to power. the result of the revolution is to lead back the traditional great action, through the god-given and inherited monarch. well, it's hard to imagine. this is the usual argument, which is more to go, but to tell it to the people, and then to us it was hammered into the head in the soviet school that how can one person manage, respectively, the whole side, where there are a lot of talents, for example, people who can sit in his place, but this is the argument. this is the argument of the most popular book of the american revolution in the 18th century, this book called common sense, yes tomo painer, where he first spoke, like a fallen worm, maybe there we should be ruled? what are you, guys, the book, by

the way, was heavily sold for 100,000 copies for that time it’s impossible to go rush the most probably a popular book of the end of the 18th century in the states, but now for us it is a banality, but for even the middle of the 19th century. this argument is by no means banal leopold sanranki, the fundamental german historical school taught the bavarian king maximilian ii, which means that the 1948 revolution everywhere in europe led to the fact that the old idea that all systems of government. so, they somehow learned, yes about democracy, that democracy is a bad system of government. all the rest are even worse, so i studied the framework, accordingly, maximilian, that we were all always convinced that the monarchy is a bad system. managing everyone else is even worse, and here we need to change this belief, because you, as equality, have led to the fact that the people no longer believe. something sitting on the throne is something different from them. here it is well, he comes to literally explain on his fingers i don’t think you understand

why the bavarian monarch, that, uh, the traditional rationale is not even a given through god. as such, you probably know that but don't know there in the xviii century, a huge number of treatises. everything is also written in defense of an understandable thesis. why, if there is democracy, then these are different passions, passions pour over the people, crowds face this complete instability, at least these passions rage in the head of one person, when there are manners, makes principled judgments, therefore it is a much more peaceful system of government. than it is more running than revolutionary then here but from this. now we have renounced the post- revolutionary century. the return of e from authoritarian regimes, according to monarchies, looks like absolutely unlikely thanks, we talked with oleg kharkhordin. a dynastic brand is a family union between members of the ruling dynasties, an example of how a king cannot marry in love

became a mass phenomenon in the middle ages due to such unions , monarchs tried to achieve greater influence, which sometimes became the cause of new wars, and sometimes a way to avoid them. in some sufferings , dynasties such as the bourbon hamburger or the romanovs regulated gymnastic marriages were not allowed in marriage to people of lower birth. special laws by the end of the 15th century. many european dynasties were related . because of this, errors accumulated in genetics due to blood mixing, for example, the whole spanish dynasty of gampers degenerated. recently, its representative, charles ii, was born from the marriage of his uncle and niece during the war period, there was a deformed lower jaw, characteristic of many of his relatives, while having a coefficient. breeding the percentage of identical genes from father and mother in karl was 25, this coefficient would be

less in a child who would have appeared with his siblings at the end of the 19th century, european monarchs were struck by hemophilia, a blood clotting disease of the heir to the russian empire, the tsarevich. alexei received the genes of queen victoria, who married her cousin and gave birth to nine children, the queen of england. even sometimes called the grandmother of europe, her many grandchildren rotted with european royal families. granddaughter alice became the wife of emperor nicholas ii and after baptism received name alexandra feodorovna grandfather of elizabeth ii king george the fifth was a cousin of nicholas ii they called each other georgie and nicky and were so similar that they were confused at events, so the current king, the third and modern heirs to the british crown are relatives of the romanovs house well and a little more about forms of government, and

finally the european parliament adopted a report in which hungary, a member of the european union, is called a hybrid regime of electoral autocracy. the european commission is urged to use all available resources to respond to hungary's serious violations of the basic values ​​of the european union, the undermining of democratic standards, is unprecedentedly pleased. it is not in vain that hungary honors the memory of the tills, and is drawn to the eurasian simple. we talked about this a couple of months ago. here, go, no one will stick with basic values ​​and democratic standards, because the pluralism is incredible, one thing, let's say victor the urn , we ask you to join the sco, join, baron. join. it was an international review. see you later. i invite you, dear friends, to our next edition of the author's program lisbon

tv which will be called if god is for us, who is against us. i hope you understand. why are our shows called like that? i look forward to seeing you. i hope it will be interesting.

how many are there? other people soon in the news release, the ukrainian authorities tried to carry out terrorist attacks on russian nuclear facilities in their