the security and fighters of the soviet army among those killed were teachers and doctors, collective farmers from local residents and party workers in response, more than 150,000 militants were destroyed. upa arrested another 130,000 in order to undermine the base and deprive the bandera of support in the forty-seventh, they conducted a special operation west to remote regions of the ussr, they sent the families of nationalists and their accomplices over 200,000 people, but the nationalists were not only punished in august forty-fifth , 5,000 bandera surrendered under an amnesty in 3 months . two more such actions led in the forty-seventh and forty-eighth years in total more than 70,000 people came out of the forest in 54 . the main resistance of the nationalists was broken. pak, as an organizational structure, dissolved itself into camps and exiled the priest. over 100,000 banderas for

their bloody crimes, many managed to avoid the death penalty; in the forty-seventh year, they were replaced with long terms of imprisonment up to 25 years, and in the fifty-fifth, an event occurred that history still ambiguously relates to, a decree of the presidium of the supreme soviet of the ussr on amnesty was issued soviet citizens who collaborated with the invaders during the great patriotic war. he removed a criminal record and loss of rights allowed the nationalists and servants of the nazis to return from the camps and migration. only in ukraine in the fifties and sixties came over 100,000 former bandera. the initiator of the decree, the then first secretary of the cpsu, nikita sergeevich khrushchev, was sure that the successes of socialism would impress the amnestied people so much that they would start differently. be related to soviet power, and the inhabitants of the soviet

the union, in turn, will be able to forgive bandera for their crime during the war years. history shows that khrushchev did not seem to be fully aware of the consequences of such actions about how the struggle against nationalists was going on in the forties and how decades later, regardless of ukraine, the consequences of khrushchev's amnesty turned out to be in the plot anna efimova lutsk 1981 on the bench, three un executioners on trial the upas talk about their crimes from forty years ago. i noticed it rises and falls in the dawn of perestroika, despite everything previous waves of amnesty court. suddenly he finds them guilty of crimes against humanity and sentences them to the death penalty. in 1941, the fighters themselves. dufani, ruined and a fisherman,

without trial or investigation, participated in the massacre of several hundred jews in the peskovskaya urochische, they killed entire families, not sparing, not the old men, nor women and children. the shooting continued, as the defendants themselves testified during the hearing, about 4 hours later, already at forty. the third executioners. as part of the upa will take an active part in the destruction in the polish villages, the fight against the bandera underground began in 1944 with the entry of the red army into the territory of western ukraine and the withdrawal of german troops. upa was in an extremely difficult situation. and although at the first stage the nationalists tried to give battle, it soon became clear to the soviet troops to fight on an equal footing with the impossible, the losses of the soviet side in these battles were relatively small due to. the fact that there were machine guns and artillery and already much more ability to fight

than these people, who for the most part they were sitting somewhere in the forest this war, they will call it a bunker war, if at first the fighters of the first and fourth ukrainian fronts took part in the destruction of the bandera underground, then later other forces of the internal troops of the nkvd of ukraine will be involved in this work , they covered these caches, but i must say, that on the other hand it was a death trap, because although they were building some kind of exit there, and another was an emergency exit, but the chekists knew about it, the border guards knew about it, and therefore, practically, if there was a chronta already alive there, no one went out. such caches were artificially disguised as saraistog, hay, wells. and even the bandits equipped the cemetery with water supply and sewage systems

; uh, seriously, at first the german command received funding for weapons and uniforms, then already at the final stage of the war - this is at the beginning of the forty-fifth year. the same shukhevych established active contacts with british intelligence in the fight against nationalists, the chekist. it was important to enlist the support of agents in order to establish the exact bow location. their number and weapons, all members of the detachments had pseudonyms by messages. they were exchanged only through trusted peasants. they could report about the appearance of strangers in the village or that one of the fellow villagers maintains ties with the forest. however, they did not know the main leaders, the underground and their plans, in order to catch a big fish, it was necessary to persuade the immediate leaders to cooperate. in their detachments, a fairly significant number of militants, upa, uh, came out of the forest under an amnesty uh. well, if it doesn't change me

memory, then for uh, the forty-fourth forty-fifth year. and these are several tens of thousands of people by this moment, even the commander understood the futility of active resistance. upa roman shukhevych. dmitriev's reich were considered and the defeat was inevitable in such a situation, the main thing, according to shukhevych, was to keep the cadre to legalize yesterday's members, and he would infiltrate government structures. and at the first opportunity to continue the fight, however , the bandits failed to agree with the soviet authorities on voluntary surrender on favorable terms. their western curators shulkevich. went underground again. shukhevych. he was killed during a special operation in 1950, and the same vasilkov became his replacement, though he was caught 4 years later. in the fifty- fourth year, they were sentenced to 25 years in tyumen imprisonment, but after 6 years he was amnestied ; moreover, he returned to kiev and got a

job. you won’t go anywhere, and at the institute of history of the academy of sciences, the ukrainian ussr, and many of the then party workers, considered it almost an honor to come and vouch for the cornflower itself, despite the amnesty and moderate cooperation with the soviet authorities, he remained a nationalist to the end , speaking for a truly self and ukraine when the new ukrainian authorities offered him the title of hero, he refused to speak for the wrong ukraine. we fought. kukda lives until the orange revolution he dies. there will be a funeral in kiev in 2007. in truth , wreaths from the government of the security service of ukraine and from the ministry of internal affairs, and in the understanding of ukrainian nationalists, vasyl kuk will become a kind of icon for the new generation bandera, whose main entertainment for the time being was torchlight processions through the streets of ukrainian cities with portraits of bandera shukhevych and other leaders, but the culmination was the bloody maidan

of 2014, after which another story of anna efimova began in ukraine valery savelyev anastasia popova typical, ukraine what lessons can be learned today from the soviet experience of fighting the bandera underground in western ukraine in the first post-war years. we will talk with our permanent expert rostislav, ishchenko astislav. good afternoon. good afternoon, rostislav, let's start with an assessment in your opinion. did it completely, uh, defeat the bandera under bullets in western ukraine at one time and eradicate aggressive nationalism. here in those post-war years. i would say that we succeeded completely, but not forever, because, well , firstly, almost already in the first three or four years after the war. uh, here the banderaites were eliminated as an organized force. that is, they were divided into small groups. yes, bandera would have blossomed, there is still an underground in

cities, but they no longer represented an organized armed force. many people who came to lvov to raise the local industry to build a water-electronic plant hides the powerful and so on remember it as a completely russian city from the mid-fifties to the mid-eighties. there, nationalism does not even smell, in general, lviv is one of the most loyal cities in ukraine. ukraine is the most loyal republic of the union, and among the eighties there was a quick and literally instantaneous revival of the gang. it is in western ukraine. and what did the soviet government not do in order to eradicate this very aggressive nationalism? in what miscalculation they were released according to khrushchev, which means that in general, at least, khrushchev is blamed for this, it

seemed to him that socialism would reforge these people, purely. uh, pragmatic assessment the fact is that in the village there was a convulsive shortage of workers, the country survived a terrible war, uh, 27 million people died, and most of the dead were men and, in general, the most able-bodied age for the restoration of agriculture, it is necessary there were working hands even mostly villagers absolutely really sat quietly on them. no one knew anything before these same activists. there , they became chairmen, almost representatives of the collective farms of the cpsu, became leaders , fought against bourgeois nationalism, so then with the length of the eighties. they returned to their essence of the beautiful past, if not for these encouragement of national movements in the era of perestroika, then, uh, they would have died as worthy members of the cpsu , fighters against bourgeois nationalism, but so

the circumstances were that, as a result, they were able to return to their criminal past, when they were told in the eighties that they were heroes, it is so. these are heroes. yes, originally. this is, uh, the ukrainian government. yes, such seasoned nationalists who have been dissident for a long time, who finally, uh, got into power structures. they very strictly divided tried to divide the self-nationalist movement. they are exactly petliura and they are good, they fought for ukrainian independence. they're no special crimes they didn't. well, there were huge jews, who then negroed the jews, everyone saw, maybe they grew a little more. well, what is there already to be considered? bandera is a good bandera sheep, which simply served in the upa, which means partisans or fought against everyone and against the germans and against the

soviet union. this is the most during the war. but in principle, they were all like-minded, there and so on, so very quickly means, this is bandera, it means the western ukrainian masses, who felt that they had become a political force, they pushed through their leaders and already yushchenko, and from uh, uh makes not only bandera but also dry things a hero of ukraine and how close is this ideology bandera with the current state nationalist ideology that was agency in ukraine is one and the same, in principle. differences no, the fact is that bandera, yes, these are the late petliura after the defeat in the civil war. they emigrated to in germany and poland, a ukrainian military organization was created there, and then a mind arose on its basis. he created a drop in her combat kruglosu, and there and so

on. so it is clear that the composition was updated , new people came, but here there is a clear continuity of the petliura generals and petliura officers. then we served him, which means they occupied leading positions there, and the ideology of the mind was adopted by, uh, current ukrainian nationalism. uh, as a leader and not by chance, they very quickly came to an excuse. benders are there today, when it is bender's ideology, but in fact. this system of nosification of the whole country has turned from a problem. that's just western ukraine where it used to be so dominant forever. well, the whole country is not very good at it. believe today, in fact. all ukraine lives within these ideological frameworks. eh, is it possible to somehow rely on the soviet experience in the fight against this phenomenon, take into account something, somehow use it. well, technically. yes, of course, how bandera was defeated, which means they created a control system in the form of e, with this

local fighter detachment cells there. so they were armed. these are the locals who opposed bandera, then announced an amnesty under an amnesty. almost 100,000 people left the forest and surrendered, and then they finished off these small groups there slowly. that's uh technically. this, by the way, can be implemented, even now, if desired, if necessary. uh, it’s another matter that now it’s politically more difficult to finish off bandera, in general, then there was one big one, it seems, like ukraine yes, where you can exclamation, you see. here are the normal ukrainians. they live well, they have a ukrainian state. now the same cannot be said, but the current level of development of banderaism, when it has engulfed the whole of ukraine, is no other political force to power in ukraine, whatever it may be within the framework of one region of one city, one village, or even

one to one house, not a single political power can not find there to power another we have seen it throughout. that means all 30 years, when ukraine spent it and more and more succeeded nazism in anterovshchina. and now we see that they are not just fighting with the ukrainian army. now this army is receiving the support of society, because it is impossible to simply forcibly mobilize and arm to the teeth and send to the front several hundred thousand people if they themselves do not want to fight. they receive the support of their relatives and friends in this regard, so now it will be much more difficult in terms of propaganda to work with these people. and not ideas, because they actually look like. no , this will go on for quite some time, that is it is necessary that a couple of generations change in order for people to return to normal perception, that is, some part of the general will be rebuilt quickly enough. uh, it means that they will even forget that they were bandera, they will have

to put up with this for some time and for decades, focusing on the new generation. it means to educate through the heads of parents through the head of grandparents through the head of the family to educate a new society. thank you very much for a very interesting and detailed story. may forty-first on the eve of the german attack on the soviet union , the un leadership prepared for its activists an instruction to fight and work during the war, it said. in times of chaos and turmoil, one can afford to liquidate undesirable supporters of the bolshevik moscow imperialism to destroy those who will defend the regimes allowed resettlement to their lands. first of all, the destruction of the intelligentsia, which should not be allowed to reach any government institutions. in general, it is impossible to make the appearance of the intelligentsia, that is, access

to schools and so on in late june-early july, forty- one years, and he fathers from the sabotage battalions formed by german intelligence entered lvov for two days. pogroms took place in the city. first they killed the jews, and then they started because of the poles. the first victims were teachers and professors of the lviv polytechnic institute and the university, the rector of the last novel roman writer galina gurskaya with her three sons, professor, member of many academy of sciences, former polish prime minister casimir battle and many others already after the war in western ukraine, they found protocols of interrogation of captured soviet citizens, doctors, teachers , club workers and simply collective farmers in bandera caches . for everyone. at the end ominous postscript liquidated liquidated publicly liquidated with

his wife and three daughters household and livestock confiscated most of the victims were among ordinary residents of local ukrainians. about 15,000 people were often killed just for joining the collective farm. the most resonant terrorist act of bandera was the murder in lvov in the forty-ninth year of the famous writer and publicist yaroslav galan about the life and death of this outstanding person in the story of olga mokhova, he spoke out against the ukrainian nationalists of the pope and america, so when asked about the motives of his actions, he answered in court and the murderer of yaroslav galan, the murder became a reaction to the journalist's pamphlets. i spit on dad. written by him in response to excommunication from the church, the crime was a daring brutal more than 10 blows with an ax in broad daylight to his own apartment. opening e problems of the

church from the point of view of the administrative acrylianism was then both fashionable and dangerous, but not because he spits on pope pius, they kill him no. he is a symbol of bendera. giving an order to kill a galan. they actually showed very clearly that they still have power. they intimidated this new western ukraine, which, oh, is integrating into soviet socialist thinking on the day of its death. the journalist worked on an article dedicated to the tenth anniversary of the entry of western ukraine into the ukrainian ssr. he was a witness and a talented chronicler in modern ukrainian stories born in austrian hungary in a family of russophiles. yaroslav galan received an excellent education, knew several foreign languages , had a broad outlook. he adhered to left-wing marxist views and therefore bent down to the communist party of western ukraine, which believed that it was necessary to unite the soviet ukraine of western ukraine there. but it was under the auspices of somehow ukraine of some kind of independent phenomenon, and

the russian idea is an idea, there are three single russian peoples . they considered a golan relic from their social views. uh, having joined the communist party of western ukraine, they more-renamed this ukrainian. now the writer would be called a russian ukrainian and a staunch socialist in lvov in the thirties and forties of the last century, a dangerous mixture, he was not disappointed. in the power of the soviets, even after the execution of his wife, the nkvd accused of espionage are published in the soviet press. began while still a polish subject during the great patriotic war, galan, a war correspondent for the newspaper of his parent ukraine, documentary and imagery are the distinctive features of his writing talent. he was ahead of his time in journalistic style. i can’t tell him, for some reason you don’t need pamphlets, but these are not pamphlets. this is a spread of the newspaper and what he wrote. today, look at how they write, and the reports are spiegel deutschevelli. this is dutch. that is, this is a real gollan in hand-to-hand combat would be easier. once a gollan confessed in a letter to his friend, the enemy is disguised and seeks to

sting from around the corner. working as a journalist at the nuremberg trials. he not only testifies, he warns of danger. revanchism from outside and escaped punishment. nazis, what do we see in reality ? bandera, millers and kubievich, have made a nest for themselves in the american zone of occupation. they even have their own committees from here. they send their agents to the territory of the ukrainian ssr. here the banderas receive their reports; here, through various channels, money comes to them from their like-minded people in the western hemisphere. ambu on churches are gradually turning into tribunes of militant nationalism. and hatred of the russian people became the eleventh commandment. so atheist galan is already in another flight with a cross or a knife, and the influence of unianism on the spiritual life of galicia follows. roman supported the clergyman, who was one of these ideologists. uh, this dissolution of the union of the return of the sin of catholics to

the russian orthodox church and who, by the way, was killed by bendery even before the golan. honesty, perhaps this quality was defining both in public and private life of writers. he sincerely klimil. tonalists, but at the same time he also sincerely wondered why he disappeared in lviv the ukrainian language, he became in every respect a stranger among his last years of his life were overshadowed by threats from enemies and misunderstanding on the part of comrades and colleagues to make a film about him, uh. and, of course, we will see that in the end they will kill. uh, it would have been tragic guilt for him, like hamlet. that is, he died for a reason. this is a very interesting moment, that is, there was a metaphysical reason for his death, because he turned out to be of no use to lviv cinema, the journalist and his tragic death were filmed three times and a documentary and game, but popularity among the audience and the unconditional approval of critics. not a single picture received. but the investigation into the murder of golovna

was in the cash control of the first secretary. qikao ussr nikita khrushchev under galan pushed off the investigation. all this found out there is not just under the field. it is systematized with a complete hierarchy. well, think about it, there are executioners, there are judges, that is, the accuser goes through underground courts there and it was decided to liquidate bendery after the death of yaroslav galan, they were considered classics ukrainian literature, but did little to popularize his views, perhaps the reason for this was his straightforward criticism of nationalism, which no longer fit into the policy of national reconciliation of the ukrainian people, the course that was taken in the fifties for modern ukrainian nationalists yaroslav galan persona non grata the monument to the writer, erected in lviv in 1972, was demolished immediately after ukraine gained independence, and the street in odessa named after him was renamed commander street paraman shukhevych involved in the mass

murder of poles and jews. olga mokhova anastasia popova valeriy savelyu, typical, ukraine that's all we wanted to tell. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. all the best to you. we are crossing the dnieper and from the bare pier to kherson there is only an opportunity to get to the city by water taxi. we stepped on kherson land, the city of kherson from the moment of its foundation - these are poles and jews, russians and ukrainians, however. all of them are united. russian culture. russian language.

residents of the holiday village of markonievo, like all normal people, want to spend their evenings. but the constant interruptions in electricity cause them just anger . here's how it happens look. from the bottom of my heart , good evening everyone.

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vsu, again fired at the colony in yelenivka, one of the ukrainian prisoners held there died. provocateur nancy pelosi arrived in armenia on the eve she says to support yerevan although her goal is obviously to unleash a war, the division of ukraine in europe is a statement that the country is within unnatural borders, and the press writes that the territories will be paid for western weapons.