it was recreated back in 1932 for the national economic development of the arctic and the provision of navigation along the northern sea route, the first leader was a great scientist and legendary polar explorer. otto schmidt, the task of the state maritime administration is a little wider today, it is the deployment of icebreaker fleet vessels in the arctic waters and monitoring the movement and providing information on the hydrometeorological ice and navigation situation, when everything is united in one hand . when everything is clear. where does the cargo go, where what for? with what frequency necessary? uh, delay or no delay? what is, uh, the delivery period, then everything will be operated by the operational staff of the headquarters. he is all of us here, all of us he will work there to develop recommendations and look after the vessel that needs competence of competence. is it possible as long as possible on a diesel icebreaker? we can take it from there, we can also use the

nuclear one, but people should have an idea about the work at the end of 2021. the total volume of traffic along the nsr amounted to almost 35 million tons, but according to the federal project for the development of the northern sea ​​route by 2030, volumes should already increase fivefold to 150 million tons, 80% of which is oil and gas and coal, but expensive transit cargo is also planned. this means that much more icebreakers and ice class vessels will be needed for the lifter carrier to enter the sea route. and there the fleet has big plans in the coming years, the volume of traffic is a belt n within the framework of the northern delivery. and this provision of 25 northern territories with food, building materials and essential goods should reach 3 million tons and it is planned to use this ship and namely, because it is able to go through the ice on its own without icebreaking assistance. this means that

the delivery of goods will be faster and cheaper. is it most important for soldiers at the front to feel that they have not been forgotten? so i come to the front line to them, and they see. he is not afraid, so we are together and this is the most important thing in what we do and anyone can do it. you don't need to know how to play the violin to do this. this is very important. if i'm an artist, i should be here where the heart beats now where it's done the fate of the whole device world. here lives

a non-marconian family that can never choose. why should they watch today, that you always looked at me like that, serials, do not switch show news. where no one ever swears? after all, each of them has long had a watch.ru application, which you can watch anywhere and on anything.

hello this is a question of science. i am alexey semikhatov about highly developed technologies. sometimes they say that from the outside. they are like a miracle. modern miracles undoubtedly include more and more

precisely and at the same time more and more quickly and more and more targeted control of very small phenomena and events that occur everywhere in the solid bodies around us in the materials around us, which gives these materials their own desired properties. one of those wizards. today i am visiting. this is a doctor of physics in mathematical sciences, head of the magnetoplasmonics and ultrafast magnetism group of the russian quantum center and the center of the department of photonics and microwave physics of the faculty of physics of moscow state university professor of the russian academy of sciences vladimir igorevich belotelov vladimir igorevich hello thank you very much for coming to rome to come to our studio. hello you live in a strange world where even magnetism is

a magnetic phenomenon for you - it's something like a particle. let's start with magno magnetic phenomena. you describe in terms of how you perceive bits and pieces. it is not clear what. eh, yes indeed. uh, when we talk about magnetization fluctuations in the magnet, for example, yes, you can perceive that continuous waves. and we can say that these same particles are propagating, or rather quasi-particles, which are called magnols, therefore, as always, we are talking about such dualism here, the situation is the same as with light, for example, you can perceive that this is an electromagnetic wave perceive that this is a stream of photons, but photons exist. relatively on their own, not needing any carrier or solid body, and you don't need magnols. she correct me, probably, it is not necessary to think that there are some particles. it's kind of a collective a phenomenon about which for some reason we don’t know

why we are ready to think that it behaves like parts. yes, absolutely right. e, when it comes to gnomes, he clarifies that this is not a particle, but quasi-particles, that is, e can be considered propagating waves along a magnet. hey, how are the waves? can you consider them? like these very quasi-particles, this is only in some special conditions near absolute zero. uh, very cold materials or something like that. here, in fact. your activity unfolds not here not at all a cool temperature, but in very cold materials or how they actually work in the field of immunitism, how close, well, yes , and at room temperature and in our laboratory , my laboratory has no crystal residues. we just work in the field of room temperatures. well, sometimes we really cool down by small degrees , we heat up the material a little, but we don’t need to

go to the area of ​​​​creative temperatures. in short, we don’t need a liquid case to finish with magnans. e and continue. e. more tell me, please, so magnols that can, how should i think, they are here for you. they are that they can first be excited or generated with the help of some kind of influence on our material and on the basis of these magnets. can? e, for example, to transmit some information, at least we hope that in the end it will be possible to do so. and thirdly, it is even possible on the basis of magnols, maybe work in this direction, which will even turn out , uh, to process this information now for an amazing eternity. you say that on a solid body possibly specially prepared materials. i don't know, you'll tell me a flax or something else or some kind of movement, what is a magnetic excitation that runs fast, and it is able to carry information in itself. yes yes, and it is stable it is, of course

like any other put particles. yes, even a nikolayevich particle has a certain lifetime. and this lifetime depends on the type of material. we try to work with materials in which moglins live as long as possible. well, as long as it allows for you, it's milliseconds. this very long, well milliseconds. it's just wonderful. i mean, it's terribly long. it 's terribly long. uh. actually already here in the area. the sciences that it deals with in magnonics , it is believed that microseconds are already very very good big, which can be done with magnols in microseconds. well, in microseconds. and you can achieve that he ran a certain distance. it could be microns, it could be hundreds of micros. and in some cases, if it was possible to get a completely ideally good material, it can reach and even be 1 mm. that's accordingly, at such distances you can operate with them. eh, which means elementary

magnetic excitation. do you offer, including for the transfer of information for you out of sporting interest, or is there some kind of some kind of developing potentially developing story behind this, on the one hand. there is a fundamental interest, in order to feel all this, to study the laws, er, that describe them, but on the other hand, of course, there are specific applied tasks behind this on the one hand. this is a processing and transmission information. and actually this is aimed at, the modern branch of magnonic magnetism, on the other hand, is a calculation, including their most interesting direction, intriguing quantum computing. nowadays, more and more talk about the quantum computer. and even not only talk, but also earned. yes, yes, and even quantum computers appear on one or another type of material, so to speak on one or another platform, as they say, there are four main platforms. but, and magnonics now refers to

promising platform. that is, until the end of hmm in the world. nobody knows how exactly to apply it to the quanta of the calculation. but those who work in this direction? well, that includes me. we hope that we will be able to achieve this, in the foreseeable future, always keep in mind to use this quasi-particle, that is, some kind of collective excitation in a solid body. well , as a quantum computer is used, the electron with spin does not know there. hmm, almost like it's a real particle and make it something to do with someone to get confused, how to show their quantum properties and thus do quantum calculations. yes, yes, that is to do. as a result, a mogul qubit and not one many qubits, so that they are entangled, and so that one can eventually perform operations. you must learn. may i be nazir for you? you will correct me as soon as there is something wrong. you must learn by taking a piece of some wonderful solid body to excite in it. a set of somehow cunningly tangled e

magnetic here these elementary magnetic phenomena will be subject to quantum mechanics. oddly enough, and after that treat them for a few microseconds, treat them as if they were entangled states of the spin you were in the state of electrons. yes, for that matter. eh, it is also important that these magnols, which were excited, not just be some kind of arbitrary and independent from one another, that they be in the so-called conherent state, so that they can eventually be written as a single wave function, when such a state, uh arises in the magnols of cars, then they talk about magnum condensate, uh, and the so-called basinstein condensate base ein 14 condensate and such an interesting state of matter, it was discovered for cold atoms for real particles, well, uh, the last ones are there somewhere and 15- 20 years,

it has already been e, we were talking about it, and in relation to the weiss part of their particle, yes, yes, but in fact , uh, uh, what we were talking about now about uh, quantum computing based on. magnet is the business of the future. well, the near future is still the future. and what is now, uh, is very actively developing and has already been directly realized in the field of modern magnetism. and that's just what we're dealing with in our lab. this is an ultra-fast recording of information. yeah, and it's interesting that magnets also help here and help, in fact, magnols, but here we go a little from the other side. right now, uh, the most promising technologies that allow you to get the highest density of information recording. this so-called thermomagnetic record in english is hamar and it turns out. record values ​​of information here here on the slide it shows that the density of

terabits per square inch of the company jumps there, it turns out three terabits. it is a square inch. yes, yes, that's what they do, uh, they managed to achieve this using a laser, and not focusing the laser, heating the material and recording many, many bits, eh, but the write speed is very small. yes, here we are and not only we are a few more bands in the world. they decided to use laser light to travel farther in order to record this beat quickly much faster than it is done. now standard. how, using uh, the idea of ​​ultrafast magnetism so-called through we get the first light to interact with in some way. yes, yes, yes, i don’t even know why with mcnons, but that is, yes, well, with spins with e with spins that carry a magnetic moment. uh, finty-second laser radiation affects the sample, and then there are several effects due to which it can excite these spins. uh,

the magnetic moments are mogul, on the one hand. this is a thermal effect. there is such an effect quickly degaussing on the other hand, there are also effects that do not require heating. and both are now actively used in order to quickly, quickly e write a bit of information on a magnet. and when it is recorded that what happened, he signed up. this means that there, what has changed in a relatively stable way, what has changed, uh, changed, uh, the magnetization of the material, that is, in some, in some small area, the magnetization has turned upside down, if it was up, yes, that's right, then after exposure to a laser pulse . she began to point down the question, after microseconds, an arbitrary one will roll back, or this should not be. well, it all depends on the parameters of the system. accordingly, they are selected in such a way that it is ter. stability at a given well at room temperature this bit of information, it is stable. that is, you quickly pass the laser beam and force the system to poach. yes, yes, she

remagnetizes. so so so so, where there is exposure to a laser beam. moreover, there are different options here, e.g., in some materials it is possible to do this only after a dozen laser pulses in other materials. even one impulse is enough to record this bit of information, but the most important thing is that this bit of information is recorded in just a few tens, peak seconds. that is, it's not even a nanosik. here in the hamra, which is now this thermo-manin record, there are characteristic times, this is a nanosik, yes, but here at 1,000 again. well, if not, well, there are dozens, then yes, potentially a thousand yes, well, for this we need to continue to work. yes, it has now achieved 1,000 times improvement. and this, of course, must finally have reduce such a gap. the gap between uh, ophthal fiber technologies and window technologies that deliver information to u at very high cycles, and then

the whole thing goes, so to speak, into the bottleneck, when it comes to recording information, it is recorded much more slowly, and here, in my opinion using this approach, ultra-fast, optomagnetic recording can reduce this lag of magnetic recording and record it with almost the same speed. how fast can we ask what we want ask what it will read later. this is a difficult topic. it can be read directly with very different effects. but also with the help of the light because fortunately there is. eh, this is wholesale magnetism. it is a direct rebound effect. yes, the direct reverse effects of conduction, the physicist michael faraday, back in the middle of the 19th century, mentioned this possibility. he discovered the direct effect. he discovered how to influence with the help of a magnetic field. light, well, he is still in his works, yes, yes, a person polarizes radiation, but then he already mentioned that he believes in what is possible, maybe vice versa. you write using the reverse,

we write, including using the reverse, but read sooner, if you read, then more likely with a direct policy, but write again. why do we need to be more careful here? uh, so far inverse faraday, he has not yet allowed to write a bit of information, so far other effects will be ok, here is the inverse faraday effect. i think it will be the most, well, it will allow you to get the most energy efficient, so now scientists are trying to use it, too, scientists, for example, including, but i'm not talking about the fact that only in my face , there are several groups around the world that are actively working in this direction, you understand ? i am glad that it so happened that i somehow not cautiously introduced you as a magician, because here you are sitting in that one in front of me. and i think that you are a person and shines with a laser, well, just a laser on some piece of some material and at the same time you do you know what's going on there, what kind of magnoli are excited there? which polytons are which plasmons? who

travels where, who rolls over, what gives you such confidence? how? are you striving? we are macroscopic, we achieve this microscopic terribly fast effect. eh, what kind of knowledge? are we getting there? and? well, here, of course, he was a little decent, that i know everything, then in fact. this is an area. many even refer to this area as terrorincognito. that's uh area uh, magnetism on time scales shorter than a stop of seconds. it still remains a kind of trr incognito, that is, the processes that occur there when exposed to ultra-short laser pulses. they are kind of. clearly partly not yet fully explored for this over. short laser pulses. yes, yes, here to enter this terra on this terrorine. here, yes, and on into this area unknown to science, experimental approaches just allow , including laser e lasers, the titan sapphire laser, which emit so many short pulses

radiation, and i made a promise to myself to explain the word magnetoplasmonics. you haven't clearly explained it yet, that's it. e. well, let's just get to it . let's say, when they talk about magnetoplasmonics, uh, it also introduces free electronic, which interacts with magnetic material, and uh, as a result, they run through the material. the so-called magnetoplasmons. here, uh, on one of the slides on this slide. they are shown here. they are political scientists with plasma, and politons with plasma, but if they run, uh, near the magnetic material, then, or according to the version of the magnetic material, it is correct to say, then, these are already magnetic plasmas, polytons or magnetic plates. i understand correctly that a plasmon means that a charge is running, uh, running, uh, running wave a wave in which uh, the electron density,

for example, in a metal, and the electromagnetic field around fluctuate, so this is such a hybrid polyurethane. the system and this is you for this you need the light section, you need a specially prepared two or two hours , one half already goes in the other half roughly speaking, and they are mutual and they are interconnected, they pull each other along, yes, as a rule, it should be metal or direct and other options, but the most, as far as we know , charges move, and in a rare case everything else happens, and magnetic phenomenon, and the magnet is a phenomenon. we can either take a magnetic metal or a magnetic director. well, the main thing is one thing, to at least be a magnet. then this system will already be sensitive to communism. and uh, it turns out, so in our experiment we introduce magnetism precisely into director. why because we have very good quality materials in our hands, the so -called ferrite and garnets ferrite garnets - these are magnets that are directors and in them, uh, the lifetime of such plasma polytons is much

longer than metal, therefore, than if we made magnetic metal. and therefore, in my opinion, such a combination of a magnetic dielectric and a non-magnetic metal is very promising for magnetoplasma. i'm fine with these plasma- polyuretons. and you called them something else. yes magnetoplasmon magnet. yes, they, in my opinion , are very beautiful in that they allow optical radiation, which usually occupies a fairly large volume, but of the order there, the wavelength cubed. uh, concentrate in a much smaller volume near the surface. e between a magnetic material and a metal, for example, and on the one hand on the other hand, if the surface is still made not smooth, but somehow structured, then it is possible to localize. this radiation is very small volume. and how to redistribute it. now if we imagine that this plasmon is excited not just by an ordinary laser, but by the very same second laser, which

we talked about at the beginning of our conversation, it turns out that this can act on a magnet. and to record, including a bit of information, and on the other hand, you can use the same radiation and a magnolan to give birth, which will somehow spread and do everything as we need. that is, this is the next step, when we move from smooth to structured material, we can, uh, we need to to influence magnetic material with the help of light, you want to diversify the ways of influencing magnetic material, causing magnetization in it to be of a fuel nature or transferring something through it to the excitation of various optical mounts, for example, these magnets explained why it is valuable that the initial source be light, well, because light comes in, i don't know, in technological applications that you probably think come through fiber, light comes in, and you need it to, uh, manage what

going on in yes absolutely right. well, e magnetoplasmon, about which we are now talking, they allow that. and to record information, and not only on the lateral transverse direction, but also to go deeper, which recently, uh, we managed to conduct such a very interesting one. in my opinion, a fateful experiment in which, thanks to magnetoplasmas, we were able for the first time in the world to record bits of depth information using the set, lags of this information one at one depth, deeper another deeper. yes, if it wasn't magnetoplasma, then this is done monito, because all the light, it would immediately, uh, impact was only on the top layer of the coin of the material, and thanks to the plasmon, we managed to penetrate into the next why it does this, and this is due to the fact that, uh , so we set up our structure, that the plasmon should have been excited on the lower layer, and on the upper layer it should not have been excited, therefore , it can be said that photons were toned through the first layer. they are effectively captured by the bottom layer. and you scold me when i speak

about you that you looking at the material know what will be there? in this case, you know that he will zero there , sit on the second layer, and so on. it 's really arbitrary it really comes across as magical. please tell me uh you do, if i understand correctly, uh, very uh, sensitive sensors on the markit field, apparently yes or the magnetic properties of materials. this is a continuation of the same story. well, this is rather a different direction of this story, which is no longer connected with the fact that we initiate some kind of monetary fluctuations. and we do so that the color due to the plasma becomes very sensitive to the properties of the magnet. and then this sensitivity of light to the magnet - to the properties of the magnet. we already use this or that method, for example, what kind of light do you take the incident radiation, that is, we teach, yes, and not with second lasers. but as a rule, we constantly use a laser and observe the properties of, for example,

reflected or transmitted light. and what about magnetoplasmons? and if we tune in such a way, what is our light? falls on ours on our sample of ours structure and excites magnetoplasmons, then the polarization of the reflected light. or there the intensity of the reflected light becomes much more sensitive to the magnetic material. and it's already open. indeed, as it is correct to say sensory application, for example, one can thereby measure the magnetic field in which our material is located on one side, and on the other side. it is even possible to make the so-called monetoplasmonic biosensors and investigate, and the substance that is nearby, which is in contact with our sample. here we had joint work with a group from switzerland on just such a magnetic plasma and biosensorics, and bioassessment means that e sensitivity to what? well, in this group, to study various kinds of bacteria, the size of which is about one micron, and

they planted these bacteria on our material and then recorded them. radiation and watched. uh, what is happening to him. and thus, some conclusions were made about the development of the evolution of these. uh. wait living organisms bacteria affects your terms what well, if physical terms to speak, it affects on the refractive index on the average refractive indices of the material that is in contact with our magnetoplasmic structure and, e, change small changes in the refractive index. they change sharply change the optical properties. and we observe these properties. well, i think this is a great example of the precision with which you work, even if it's not the limit for you, that your methods allow you to see the effect. well, literally one bacterium sitting somewhere, or they still need 100 million bacteria, when bacteria are of the order of one micron, then, of course, even literally the wrong bacteria is enough. we are focusing on this area.

we register what is happening there, not a single bacterium, while not suffering or, uh. it will not suffer, because there is no need to use a very high power of laser radiation. quite small enough to be able to register this matter at the noise level. the only thing you said is that if you set up the surface so that magnetoplasmons are excited there, this is how did you get it? here i do not add up, they gave you some substance and and gave a laser and said you irradiate and you irradiate it. what does it mean that you set it up so that bacteria are usually excited in it, they live in some kind, for example, in an aqueous solution, that is, there is already this information about the solution, and then, in addition to bacteria, the laser itself. we also take a magnetoplasmon structure, whose parameters are calculated in this way. they are related to the value calculated for the wavelength of laser radiation, so that when laser radiation is incident on this

structure, magnetoplasmons are excited, which respectively and are sensitive to the indicator of the application. i mean, just wait. most not here magic magic you are not on any surface. see, bacteria. you see the bacteria sitting on in advance by you, prepared at the same time on the sensory element, which the elements are specially made for. you literally take the material prepared by you and roughly spend it where you expect bacteria, then look in this sense, it is a biosensor. yes, yes , absolutely true, if we talk about the next year hmm one and a half to two so you expect the best of your research. what breakthrough? what can be almost ready, what are you hoping for, what can we be heartbroken, hoping hmm well, on the one hand very much. of course, i want to take the next step in the field of quantum computing and finally do it. uh, something like a magnol qubit, which can then be used for edge calculations. this is one direction. but it's probably a little farther

away. and what lies right here right now, what, if on the shelf in the laboratory there are such special two-dimensional magnetophotonic metapoints with the help of which we want to learn even better how to control magnetization using laser pulses. i think then move on to possibly quantum reading, then we even move in parallel and then combine the two directions together. you continue to improve in the subtlest control of the subtlest effects and the entertainment of a single bacterium is far from taken. i wish you success. thank you very much for your story. thank you. best wishes, goodbye. there

are a lot of requests that we go out more often. in the west , they are trying to declare us a country of outcasts. let's look at this story a little from the other side. this is an attempt to hear recreate. through painting, the entire panorama of the great country is artistic fantasy. prince of perm was, maybe i'm not a man already. now you are a prince and a man i breathe to you , beloved.

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intensive shelling and provocations do not interfere with a high turnout in referendums in the donbass in the liberated territories. half of the residents of the dpr and lpr have already made their choice. today is the third day voting. no, waiting for the weight to mobilize.