threats are discussing the materials of our program in the un security council. the results of the elections in italy, the voter answered his politicians with a story from the scene. nuclear weapons as a way to protect? what changes are waiting for us? if we look for a symbol for a bygone era of mutually beneficial cooperation in europe , the nord stream gas pipeline suggests itself, a direct channel for the delivery of raw materials from russia to germany without intermediaries, why exactly it, and not, say, earlier pipes. those that have connected us with the europeans since the early seventies, because in the current more confused times, it was the threads of the northern streams that were called upon to become the apotheosis of cooperation. the laying of pipes for the first nord stream began in

april 2010. after 2 years, it worked at full capacity. companies from russia, germany and france participated in the project; the us, the baltic countries, poland and ukraine opposed the construction, but prevented the project from being implemented. they failed to pump 59 billion cubic meters of gas through it last year and build a gas pipeline. nord stream 2 began in may 2018. project should have been completed in about a year, but the european parliament adopted an updated eu directive, the so-called third energy package. among the main provisions of the new law is the division of the company into those that supply gas and those that are engaged in its transportation, that is, the operator of nordstream 2 must be independent of gazprom and 50% of the throughput capacity of nord stream 2 must be reserved for alternative

suppliers, although there were none , and in december 2019, the trump administration imposed sanctions against the main construction subcontractor of the swiss pipe-laying company olds. she stopped work and withdrew from the construction zone of her ship, in response to this, russia relocated the far east to the german port of mukran, its pipe-laying vessel, academician, chersky, and in september 2021 completed the construction of both pipe strings were filled with gas. however, for the operation of the pipeline, eu laws require its certification. berlin stated that this would happen in the first half of 2022. well, after the recognition of the donetsk and lugansk people's republics, germany stopped artification, and on february 23, the day before the start of the special operation in ukraine, the us treasury department on imposing sanctions against

the nord stream 2 gas pipeline operator company and its executive director mattias varnick decided to directly connect the main supplier with the main consumer in order to secure communication extremely beneficial for the parties as much as possible to protect it from political factors, first of all, the changing positions of the states of transit countries of ukraine, belarus , poland, it is no coincidence that the polish minister of defense radoxykorsky in 2005, after an agreement on the construction of the first stream, publicly called it a new edition of the molotov-ribbentrop pact, that is, a conspiracy between moscow and berlin behind the backs of warsaw and other countries located between the sabotage of the pipeline, which put it out of action for a long time, if not forever put the final point in the half-century politics of energy relations.

the same sikorsky has no doubts. who put it to the point. thanks to the usa, he wrote on his twitter this is not irony, the author explained to the dumbfounded users. just a hypothesis of hypotheses, in general, pretty much, while all the affected countries first of all, yes, they and sweden in the waters in which everything happened cautiously agree. this is not an accident, further space for imagination and motivation, who benefits from the cia and mi6, which drove an aspen stake that wagonized the ghost of the russian german rapprochement, the kremlin depriving the hostile european union of warmth and light, well, or some collective green, which, together with ukrainian demolitionists put an end to the former energy model of europe as thoughtfully wrote the chinese global times, the incident. may forever remain a mystery, given how many diverse interests. it

's intertwined here. consequences however, there is no doubt, firstly, yes the era of special russian german relations is symbolically over. secondly, this more fundamental confrontation is reaching a qualitatively different level, capturing the critically important international infrastructure, the funnel sucks deeper and deeper. in june 1989, in bashkiria , due to a gas pipeline breakthrough, the largest world, train accident, leak. a mixture of butane, propane and light hydrocarbons provoked an explosion in power comparable to a bomb explosion in hiroshin. two resort trains passed near the pipeline to spend the sebezhskaya highway. in total, more than 500 people died, almost 200 of them children in january 2000 in brazil, at the bottom of the guanabara bay on the coast,

rio de janeiro, an oil pipeline exploded. the state-owned petrasse company spilled over 8,000 barrels into the water. oil, the consequences of environmentalists compared with the war in the persian gulf, when in during the hostilities and arab troops dumped 8 million barrels of oil into the water. as a result , drinking water was poisoned in several cities , the beach was seriously damaged by fisheries and the economy of the region. 2010, in the californian city of san bruno, a gas pipeline exploded near a gas station , a column of flame was as high as a thirty-story building , a crater 12 m deep remained at the site of the explosion, and its shock wave provoked an earthquake. another man-made disaster occurred in southern mexico in august 2013 temex. more than one and a half

thousand inhabitants claimed the lives of four people, the fire of the nearby city was evacuated to the enterprise was stopped only after 2 weeks, and financial losses. as a result of the explosion, they amounted to about $ 100 million in september 2018 in the us state of massachusetts, there were 70 incidents due to gas leaks north of boston, such cases in the world. not uncommon is an american news agency. bloomberg even developed. a strong map that allows you to see in real time with the geography of accidents on pipelines in recent years. the listed plots are man-made disasters with geopolitical and geo-economic consequences, but now cases are man-made, how will this affect the future of an industry of strategic importance ? good

afternoon here. to what extent the factor of physical stability of physical security is laid during the construction of such facilities. well, it's easier saying that they must endure. they practically last. that's it, loads will be reported there, compressive loads, rupture loads, nostril loads that may arise from the fact that ice is moving, if not deep shelves, but they must withstand loads. if suddenly you accidentally hooked this pipe with an anchor chain, that is, everything is calculated and backed up many times. well, that is, here is the factor of such a military impact of sabotage. he believes that it does not need to be taken into account or simply. well, such a labor factor take into account when mine in the soviet union was designing a gas transport system. so we designed it taking into account a possible nuclear strike, but not from the point of view that the pipe will withstand a nuclear strike from the point of view of the possibility of switching to a parallel pipe, because it is easier for the earth to do this, but not in water, and in

principle, in general, honor is impossible . just for information, four or five years ago, a book by a swedish professor came out in sweden. uh, in my opinion, it was called that, but the possibility of combating underwater pipelines. and as i remember now. we discussed this matter with colleagues, including sweden, and i expressed this idea, i say that my friends are going to torpedo. uh, a gas tanker is much easier than blowing up an underwater gas pipeline. well, in what sense did he mean destruction? yes, green here. well, i don't know what he will start in terms of the possibility of destroying this gas pipeline, but there were no such precedents. are there any, i don’t know, international agreements, documents that regulate analytical security in this sense direct physical, as far as i know, not yet. this means that the entire operation of the gas pipeline exists is carried out under a contract with the nordstream management company. the jurisdiction of switzerland and

according to the legislation of the countries means the transit zones through which the pipeline passes. well, this is, respectively, russia, finland, sweden yes, not germany. and there was no point in any agreements. just as far as i remember, signing, because there are not so many of them, and there are no large international agreements in this area. it think what is being done everything is within the framework, in general, of a certain concept of contractual security within the framework of the european union well, where it exists, there is no special treaty, fine. and here, uh, is what happened now. this is partly in the territorial zone of sweden, partly in denmark. yes, these countries, in principle, are responsible for security, or they are just watching, so to speak. well, i would say so they are, of course. he is obliged to take responsibility for security, because these countries have an interest in the gas pipeline. they are the same product buyer in particular. but there is one small one. it is now so infinitely violated all laws. well, it's just like no one would even think about it. uh-huh, there is some specificity. for example, at

different electric facilities, for example, whether the nord stream differs from the blue stream or the turkish one, or the gas pipeline, which is the norwegian british marine, well, this specificity differs in technical factors, the depth of the water, that is, a completely different pressure. this means the aggressiveness of the water, because the baltic sea, it is still less salty, in unlike the black sea, where, in addition, it means an increased concentration of salt, looking for hydrogen sulfide at the bottom of a colossal amount, but this is a technically technological factor under each gas pipeline, they are taken into account in the design. you mentioned a gas carrier. it is such a completely ap- parent if one imagines an apocalyptic picture of the explosion of this gigantic court. filled with gas. well, i understand that there were no such precedents, but, probably, now we should already think about well , the fact is that there is such a thing, the laminar flow velocity of methane, it is not so high, because i have at least some viscosity there, so it takes time to form an explosive mixture. yes, so

it will explode, but the consequences of a certain amount of time, the gas must first begin to flow out, that is, the team. at least there will be some time to leave this voice, but in general, in principle, there is nothing good in the fact that a precedent has begun to occur that did not exist before. this is where the danger lies. i remember from relatively recent, when it was about three years ago it was when this warehouse exploded in beirut and it felt like the end of the world. just saltpeter. well , to put it in two words, chemistry, so it's just at low temperatures of the order of 23 °. capable of releasing oxygen into the free phase. and she 's explosive. here is a long-term storage such happens. accepted, improper storage conditions, but with a gas carrier. now i am not able to quickly calculate, which means the force of the explosion, but it will also not seem small. now, it turns out that the last such is the last thread that binds. e russia and

say western europe. this is what goes through ukraine, this is a rather curious thing. no, harassed by the turkish stream. he is ready to turkish it from the south. yes well, if you take this is the central western-classical and plus a gas pipeline through poland. it is new in relation to turkish to ukrainian there is one gas pipeline, which is called the union, was launched in 1910. that's just the institute lingered, and in the eighty-fourth year they launched it says, you say marvushka, well, this is poland's most new gas pipeline yes. in the ninth year we recorded poland through belarus, if we talk about the ukrainian branch, and rather interesting hostilities are going on, very intense . we, in general, have not heard anything about any attacks so far. here is a happy occasion. no, of course, pure agreement and uh, you also haven’t heard anything about the problems with the operation of the druzhba gas pipeline, the oil pipeline, which has been in operation for sixty years of that year,

yes, it has already been in operation for 60 years. this means that, which passes through ukraine, the information somehow quietly passed that we had extended the contract for another 5 years, but this is how the world is arranged. the primary consciousness is secondary, but this is at least a little calming, i can probably say that, uh, everything just needs a little time, i waited, because, well, we all know. we all know that a person sometimes has such an hysterical state, which means that such a state arises in a society and you just need to go through a certain crisis in order to get out of this state, but it’s not for nothing that you saw in the films people begin to pat each other on the cheeks, to bring a person out of hysterics. here i think that when europe survives this winter, and the europeans will experience it very hard, they will survive it incredibly hard . they will come to their senses a little and understand that they need to negotiate, huh? eh, you still have to negotiate. here, even in communication with my colleagues who live about the union there in europe and in america, everyone understands that one more step

and that’s all and there will be no one to figure out this traffic jam, it’s your fault to slow it down. well, that is, you believe that after some time, uh, energy cooperation will resume one way or another. we have europe, i'm not that i believe i am absolutely sure of this, but for the simple reason, what does it mean, what is the specificity of hydrocarbon fuel and organic fuel there? the most powerful geopolitical ones, which means breaks are breaks. and it has always been and will always be, but people still want to drive cars to fly. on airplanes. all these issues will not be resolved in the same way, maybe, as before, but they will. thank you, professor was with us valery bessel. strategic infrastructure is not only an object of energy supply. the sphere of communications plays an almost important role now, so the united states remembered that the russians, in retaliation, could,

for example, damage the fiber-optic trans-atlantic cable connecting the old and the new world . our way of life the vulnerability of cables stretched across the seabed. only you will reverse the scenario in which these cables can be cut or damaged. this will have an immediate catastrophic effect on our economy and the way we are used to living. therefore, we, together with our allies, need to develop our naval forces so as not to be inferior to the capabilities that the russian fleet has. the company laid the first telegraph cable across the ocean in 1857. its length was 4,500 km, but it worked for less than a year and fell into disrepair, a full-fledged telephone

cable connected america with europe only in the fifty- sixth year. he connected the scottish resort, aubon and the canadian city of claren villas on the island of newfoundland in the first day. over 700 calls have been made over london usa and london canada since then a huge number of underwater communication channels have been laid across the continents. in 2017. three microsoft companies facebook and tails. together they laid a fiber optic cable called marea from american virginia to bilbao, spain, with a bandwidth of 160 tibits per second. this is the highest performance. atlantic cable today, and installed it in less than for 2 years, until recently, it was believed that the anchors of ships posed the greatest danger to cables, so on january 30, 2008, a cable broke, which stretches from france along africa

and southeast asia, a breakdown in a section in the mediterranean sea. led to a decrease in the amount of traffic by 70% in egypt and 60% in india, another danger of natural disasters in 2006 due to an earthquake in the taiwan area. eight cables failed at once. for some time, there was a complete absence of communication with hong kong and the southeast asia and china received 74% less traffic. the third danger is people, for example, in 2013, the egyptian authorities detained three people who cut the internet cable in a section of the entire diterranean sea near aleksand. as a result of the incident, the internet speed in the country fell by 60%. underwater cables are being repaired using special ships. one of these ships , a 100 m long pierdoferman ship with a crew of 80 people , first looks for a damaged section of the cable, then with

the help of a special robot, the necessary part of the cable is lifted aboard for repair. actually, if some way to damage this cable there, yes, then, well, as if from the usa to europe, the internet will disappear there, here. well, i think they will switch to some backup channels that go. it’s not a fact that the loss of this cable channel will somehow greatly affect them. there is no possibility of satellite internet. it cannot replace cable in any way, because it has a lot of shortcomings. . this first is high. uh, signal delay. that is, there is a very long time for the passage of an electromagnetic wave, yes, therefore, delays there will be at least 400 ms in the area, that is, a lot is very strongly felt there. here's another plus. there

are big shortcomings on the internet. this is the speed of use. the problem with this cable is, that is, it is mobile internet. it is very fast, that is, it works. roughly speaking, it is 20 times faster than 4g, that is, there is a higher speed up to e, there is about 10-20 hz per second. here plus it is very low latency. there are milliseconds. so , accordingly, if you put down a lot of these cell towers, you can transmit there, uh, the signal is there, well far enough and fast enough. in general, it turns out that it will be unpleasant to gnaw through the treasured wire, but not fatally. in general, the internet is like the world wide web. how vulnerable the internet is divided into zones. eh? each zone is an autonomous point of an autonomous system. that's where the

traffic goes through. actually, there, on the borders with europe , we have a lot of autonomous systems. uh, well, roughly speaking, so that traffic from the internet passes there. uh, there to japan yes, with and uh with europe in japan, it goes through russia, respectively, well, ours are used traffic exchange points. here is our autonomous system, respectively. if we talk about some kind of isolation there, yes, then we can turn it off. uh, here are these autonomous systems at points uh, well, at the uh borders there with europe with this and, accordingly, how such an isolated internet would turn out. eh, this will be segmentation. they may be able to somehow redirect traffic through others. well, there are autonomous systems. here, through uh, for example, there is kazakhstan and so on, but it’s very much like such a route is very large, well, there will be very serious problems with the passage of internet traffic, in principle, it is very problematic here.

because it takes a lot at the same time. e dots uh, let's say destroy. that is, if you launch autonomous systems there, for the most part there are some yes, there are nuclear missiles or simple missiles and destroy a large number of them there, then, yes. it’s as if the internet could break down there. it’s interesting that cyberattacks and energy were rumored to be connected even at a time when the internet was not often retold, unconfirmed history, allegedly in the eighty-second year, the cia managed to arrange a powerful explosion with the help of malicious software introduced in the ussr and for a long time to disable the urengoy gas pipeline surgut chelyabinsk officially no one reported anything. well, the legend has arisen. as the chinese comrades say, the incident has forever remained a mystery. in italy

, the general elections were held, as expected, the legal coalition led by the party won, the brothers of italy the european liberal elite sees in it the ideological followers of mussolini attracted for ears or not, let the italians figure it out for themselves from rome, a report by the head of the tatas bureau, vera shcherbakova. rejoicing in the street of solemn sounds is a fact itself the victory of the right-centric coalition led by dzhordzhamila modest restrained although for the first time after the fall of fascism, the right party comes to power in italy. moreover, in the year of the centenary of the fascist march, the electorate of the melody prefers to remain in the shadows much more noticeably. those who do not accept it. in italy there is a whole large layer of citizens who have an almost physical dislike for the law. it even saves the fact that the country enters the club of

enlightened european states, where women will finally become the head of the government in a sense, to the melody of an attitude similar to trump in the usa with a complete enemy from the creative intelligentsia. i would definitely prefer another one with this lady who is rude aggressive on the snoring fascist mentality. it seems that we suddenly returned a century ago to the roots of this lady, who won the elections in the right wing as aggressive and sometimes even vulgar. i fear that this aggressiveness of ignorant arrogance can lead to the degeneration of our constitution of our cultural model. in many ways, the regularity is subject to the cyclical nature of the political seasons; its main rivals are the democratic party. we spent 10 years anyway, and the five star movement disappointed without making a revolution. and few who now would like to be a winner any government is likely to go. as a victim of all future problems, high energy prices,

increased inflation, increased social tensions dozens, hundreds of entrepreneurs, are threatened with ruin, and companies are closing down with the ensuing massive loss of jobs. this is a receipt for september 2021 for 450 euros, which is quite acceptable, and this is a bill for october 1784 a month later. but june 2022 is already 288 euros. damn, not a problem last september, from 450 euros we came to 2800, and this is not the end. and what are you going to do now turn off the refrigerators. i wonder how much someone burns them? i have already stopped watching about august 4.000 from 450 better to close, i'll try only work on weekends. and to raise

prices your main customers are families with children. i'm trying not to raise prices, but it's very difficult to keep working by october. this amount will become 8.000. experts believe that the authorities will not be able to avoid raising taxes and this will lead to obvious difficulties in containing protests and maintaining public order. the future government will face a huge range of economic , financial, and most importantly social problems. in winter , the problems of high cost will become even more acute. energy carriers. it will be even more sensitive for the company of the population after two years of the pandemic against the backdrop of eight months of clashes between russia and the west in the coming months, unemployment is expected to rise for the center-right government will not be easy and i would venture to suggest that it will work for no more than six months. this is only a small internal cut without taking into account the extremely difficult international situation, where vulnerable italy has practically no room for

independent manners vera shcherbakova especially for international review from rome changes in georgia meloni first of all assured vladimir zelensky of strong support the question is different europe is at a crossroads and the point is not how to treat ukraine and russia, the main issue is how much political priorities take into account real needs. citizens phenomenon is by no means only european but here it manifests itself. especially bright. after all, europe is accustomed to perceive, as a well-functioning mechanism for representing the interests of the population. but people vote for the so -called populists because they have lost understanding where and why they are being led by the global world of cosmopolitanism, and it was formed after the cold war, led the decision-making process further and further

from the national soil. powers in the european union were transferred from states to supranational structures for the time being, it worked, because local bosses could explain to a simple european how each next step towards integration was beneficial to him personally, but the system became more complicated, the distance between people and institutions grew argumentation. became less and less applicable and more and more speculative began a long time ago, perhaps 15 years ago, accumulated gradually. now the moment of truth value-ideological set, the ruling class has come into conflict with the material pragmatic. the establishment, brought up on the idea of ​​without alternative globalization , does not intend to compromise on the wishes of the voters, but on the source of its power. all the same, the people remain, the inhabitants of each particular

country vote, and they live more hopelessly than the way out, the current situation does not become reason to rethink, on the contrary, politicians triple their efforts, believing that it is only necessary to push the circumstances to turn the tide. but if the course is, in principle, wrong, then no matter how much you press, it will only get worse. we have already passed in europe and not only. after advertising again about strategic stability and the nuclear factor don't leave let

's translate from clerical to understandable everything is not so scary if there is an instruction. dad's heart so that

we go out more often. in the west, they are trying to declare us a pariah country. let's look at this story a little differently. it's an attempt hear recreate. through painting, the entire panorama of the great country is artistic fantasy.

it’s just that during the performance of a combat mission it was blown up, and the anti-personnel mini, and there are no wounded there, yes, the living motherland is in safe hands, we work.

our conversation with dmitry trenev last week caused a resonance. even from us viewers, news came, if only someone in moscow dares to think about nuclear use. yes, and somewhere besides ukraine, then maybe the phenomenon of the world without russia will just happen. since the topic is so takes for a living continue. we have a wonderful guest today. konstantin bogdanov senior research fellow at the primakov center for international security and imo konstantin hello, uh, in the doctrines of nuclear countries everywhere there are certain conditions under which they are ready to use nuclear weapons, but they all hmm , let's say, give room for interpretation. to

date, the so-called nuclear club includes the united states russia great britain france china official nuclear powers, as well as india pakistan and north korea are considered to have nuclear weapons , and israel does not deny, but does not refute the presence of the arsenal. the united states considers the possibility of using nuclear forces only in exceptional circumstances to protect the vital interests of the country and its allies and partners. the main task is to convince the enemy that any nuclear escalation will result in unacceptable consequences for him. russia reserves the right to use nuclear weapons in retaliation. if it is used against her or her allies, as well as under the condition of aggression with the use of conventional weapons, if the very existence of the state of great britain is threatened, weapons of mass destruction can

only be used in extreme cases for self-defense. the conditions, as well as the need to protect nato allies, the country's military doctrine states that it deliberately maintains ambiguity regarding the use of nuclear weapons, as for france, there the doctrine of nuclear deterrence is strictly defensive in nature weapons of mass destruction. can only be used in extreme cases of self-defense. china is considering using nuclear forces. only as a response, beijing adheres to the concept of a limited retaliatory nuclear strike, so its nuclear arsenal is at the minimum necessary level to ensure national security nuclear policy. india is based on the principle of reliable minimum deterrence and massive impact, the country undertakes not to use nuclear weapons first, as well as against states that do not possess them. at the same time, she

reserves the right to respond to blows in the event of the use of chemical or biological weapons against it in response to an external threat emanating in particular from india to use nuclear weapons. maybe pakistan is a country that considers it possible to launch a nuclear strike. the first even in the case of non-nuclear aggression, but in the dprk, nuclear weapons are used to prevent war not only on the korean peninsula, but throughout northeast asia, they are called upon. to show that a military confrontation with the dprk will bring inevitable death, which forces the enemy to refrain from even attempting aggression. is it even possible to develop some clearer criteria, so as not to be afraid, but if we look, for example, at the russian foundations of the state policy in the field of nuclear deterrence , it says in plain text that uncertainty regarding the scale

of the composition and nature of the forces used is the basis of effective nuclear deterrence. it's just the same principle. that is, we cannot give a potential enemy the opportunity to maneuver here on a narrow patch, he must always be afraid that the slightest of his additional escalation will lead to the fact that the problem instantly transmits the nuclear threshold, which will, in fact, additionally contain it with such a margin of safety, but now it is generally accepted that fear has disappeared from the public space, which was well known to those who remember there the final phase of the cold war, and then the topics of the consequences of e, the nuclear use of nuclear winter, and so on were very actively discussed. that is, as if the general installation was that after that everything is over, then they somehow forgot about it it was considered irrelevant. is there a discussion in the professional sphere now. eh, what could be the consequences of this or that

use of a single weapon? there are such discussions . they, uh, between the ninety-first and 2021 developed, mostly latently in relation to, and regional systems, for example, the indian one, but they are, they show, in general, quite unpleasant models of the results of even local application, taking into account how much more connected the brittle has become the world over the past 30-40 years, those standards that were laid down. there, in the damage control strategies of the fifties and sixties, and so on, when it was considered there. well, okay, you can strike, waiting for us will fly a weakened answer for 15-20 million. well, maybe this is a good strategy. now this is not even close, because the complete collapse of infrastructure and logistics will translate into the fact that these 15-20 million will very quickly turn into 150-200. and then it just doesn't really matter. and and this is on the one hand on the other side. uh, at that moment at the end of the cold fear of war was associated precisely with the number of

nuclear weapons deployed at that moment. well, yes, by the way, the parties had approximately 11-12,000 only strategic nuclear warheads aimed at each other for instant actual use. and the whole reduction of nuclear weapons in the late eighties and early nineties is just an attempt to remove this fear to remove these huge canopies that hung on the button and the whole philosophy of strategic stability was to exclude the first preemptive use. well in fact, the problem was more or less solved, but water will also find a hole, since another of the paradoxes of nuclear strategy is its realism, since. if we cannot use nuclear weapons, for example, because the enemy will simply destroy us. well, we can’t be afraid , and since we can’t use it, then how can the enemy believe that if we use it, he’s paradoxical precisely in this. therefore, we need to come up with some way when the enemy realizes that we will still use nuclear weapons. weapon. and what is this, firstly, specific types of potentials that are less and less powerful, more and more relatively speaking, high-precision, for example, so to

speak, theater weapons, as in the middle of the cold war or now, so to speak, high-precision cruise missiles that you can also use or hypersonic systems. from one side to the other side. uh, you need to understand that the scale of the use of weapons has fallen dramatically precisely within the framework of these doctrines, we can already talk simply about single signal applications. mm, when we simply use a single nuclear weapon, for example, even over desert areas. precisely as a signal, not in order to destroy something, precisely as a signal from the enemy. stop stop. then it will go on increasing. or it may be the destruction of a secondary object on the theater somewhere deep in the military meaning, then the exchange may increase depending on how the parties approach escalation control escalation control theory for many decades, drank written tom no one knows how to manage it, so actually another paradox is to better control the escalation. it's just not to start it, because there are already massive

exchanges at the end. and well, i will not say the death of mankind. how was it 40 years ago? well, i'd rather call it carefully the end of modern-type civilization. but nevertheless, it means that somewhere in the depths of the consciousness of strategists there is an idea that there can be an exchange of nuclear strikes on the rise. it is present, it is not just present. this is a very powerful factor. containment of this escalation, because the presumption that the escalation is manageable, that we can dose the use of nuclear weapons to achieve what the americans call excavation dominance, that is, well, roughly speaking, equalizing the stakes every time at every stage of the escalation. there are no such mechanisms, they are purely psychological, that is, we sit and wait. who is the first who is the first oppression hmm, it's like all nuclear deterrence is largely in the heads, it is built on potentials, but it is in the heads. so here's the escalation control. he too is in the heads, a in the heads. in general, there is now the wind is moving in places. and in general,

psychologists are no longer needed there, but rather in places to understand what is happening with them, so here, of course. a specific situation for testing the strength of world orders yes, about entomologists. i also thought about you that all the numerous descriptions of the caribbean crisis emphasize the importance of communication, as it was important, at some point to establish it. now, generally speaking, there are no problems with communication, compared to what it was 60 years ago back to communicate as much as you want, but it seems that this somehow does not save, because the current communication. it doesn't necessarily improve. and it might even make the situation worse. and that's true, because during the cuban missile crisis we didn't have hotlines. and so we had to build this complex system through representatives of washington who sent telegrams there, and so on, but uh, here the situation is twofold. we live in an era of so-called tweeter or megaphone diplomacy, when diplomats for the most part, when they go out to

public space, they do not work for an external audience, they do not work for an internal audience in this regard. they act more like part of the politics of the propaganda machine. this must be understood, it wildly irritates everyone, including diplomas, but the point is that as soon as it arises, the need to build clear limited channels of communication under a clear practical issue, behind which the real risks of these things shine. in general, as a rule, in recent years lined up, but remember the conflict in syria hmm, the one for the conflict that was built with israel in advance and gritted his teeth with the americans for several months, but he worked and is working. this, by the way, is more along the military lines than along the diplomatic lines, it turns out absolutely for sure. well, the risks are primarily of a military nature, so contacts between headquarters, including on the ground, are an important part of the decontamination. it can be considered and said to the subscriber, from which this conflict can move and, accordingly, the development of e dialogue,

if we are talking about political dialogue, then here we should probably talk about bilateral contacts again, because bilateral contacts have not been public enough these years either . they are, for example, in the mode of the st treaty e. it's hard to talk there. some sort of substantive one goes for at least the current observance of the contract. i'm not talking about development. right now everything is stopped there. uh, there were informal contacts, along the line. mida had non-contact informal contacts, through our security council, the national security council, usa these are limited channels, but they are understandable, and if there is a practical task, and if the parties understand how they solve this task, they will improve their security and both, then everything will work out. if the parties believe that what they have now is enough for them, that the escalation suits them, then, uh, we will continue to see the situation. uh, lack of communication. well , because when you play the game with your point of view. why does she communicate well. this is

the last question, probably, here, returning to the topic of signals, and the resumption of nuclear testing. it may be a signal, after all, it demonstrates determination. well, on the one hand, of course, this is probably a spectacle, although in order to achieve absolutely spectacularity, you will have to withdraw from the moscow treaty of the sixty-third year. for three media, testing is already called on the surface or in the atmosphere. it's under the camera. now it can be done well, but there are two problems. first, it is the absolute destruction of international regimes. it's just uh. the game will not be worth the candle at all. this will be a very bad signal. in nuclear non-proliferation and so on. secondly, in fact, we will not demonstrate anything to anyone, our visual culture , brought up on hollywood blockbusters that call by their names. she will digest this nuclear explosion. none of 500 points in 3 seconds. you will flood the whole tik tok with these videos. she will not forget it in a week, that is, in order to understand what a nuclear explosion is in a nuclear test. you need to feel it, how the ground

moves under your feet, and many leaders of the soviet union and the states also recalled how they were in these bunkers were. this is different. you can't send it over the internet. that is, it turns out that then it's not a damn thing when you invite him personally to attend a demonstration in front of the un general assembly. i think he simply won't pull it. thank you very much, konstantin bogdanov was with us disturbing news is coming from iran, there have been riots with victims for two weeks now, the cause of which was the death of a young girl, the girl was arrested by the vice police, accusing the fact that a resident of tehran is wearing a hijab incorrectly they probably overdid it, but the scheme, alas, was banal, they refused to admit it. michael ramirez american take on protests in iran she didn't wear a hijab, says man woman's hope is

written freedom and swearing by a jordanian cartoonist who has come under pressure from the authorities more than once. this work is titled briefly max amini, in honor of the very activist for women's rights. yes, murat is a careful artist with kurdish roots, wait, wait. this is haraam shouting from the man in the top picture and continuing on the bottom of her hair was uncovered mukhsin, and behind the iranian artist from sweden is another work in the street protests, and titled briefly i don't want to hear anything. russia's relations with iran are now on the rise stability in this country is very important for us in more detail about the situation. we'll talk there in one of the next issues, in the meantime, about the hijab. what is the secret of wearing these clothes about this from

turkey, neighboring iran, ekaterina sadnichenko. at the beginning of the 20th century , anti-religious trends came to turkey, as in many other countries of the middle east, the liberated woman of the east is an independent educated and, of course, without the traditional islamic headscarf since 1925 in turkey , a ban on wearing hijabs in schools, universities, state other institutions was constitutionally enshrined. religiosity had to be hidden. yes, when there was power. jay hp was not allowed to wear a hijab in public places, but our teacher did. she still covered her head to school over a scarf. she wore a wig for 23 years, five of them. she wears a hijab, she says she decided so did her own will. allah emine helps his father

with the family business in the family and sharpe a small store in a quart. haji bayram hats, scarves for hijabs for every taste and budget turkey, as one of the leading cotton producers, pampers local fashionistas. you can make it smarter, you can make the fabric thinner in the hot turkish summer in two or three scarves, according to all the canons, it’s hot, but allah said, it means that you need to endure, this is our earthly life, and there eternal it’s better to endure the heat here, so that later you don’t go to hell in hell again hotter with the rise of the justice party and development, led by recep tayyip erdogan, strict prohibitions were gradually abolished to wear or not wear the hijab, the choice is now left to turkish women. and as confirmed by sociologists. more and more people prefer to cover their heads according to sharia law, even the first lady of the state and the one in the hijab, let alone

ordinary turkish women. i don't know yet if i will close or not. only for me, i closed at the age of 14. it has nothing to do with marriage. when i got married, my husband said to me, open up, but i did not agree, because this is my own choice. sociological studies claim that today every third housewife in turkey and every fourth student wears a muslim headscarf, and every year the popularity of wearing a hijab is growing, someone sees this as a gradual strengthening of religious influence in the country, someone sees the development of islamic fashion, when you can be closed, but at the same time stylish in turkey today there are a number of premium brands focused on the islamic modulus of good color fabrics, in line with the fashion trends of the world. this in the fall, shades of orange, powdery , and beige come into fashion, and, of course, there are little

secrets. the most chic is obtained. that is when the color of the scarf matches some part of the clothing. for 35 years, he has been selling fashion accessories in the secular district of ankara among his customers, businessmen, politicians and their wives. it is a counter goods of the most fashionable and famous manufacturers. he says before , scarves were worn more as an accessory over the years of work, he learned a thousand and one ways. how to tie it around your neck. well, now slowly learning fashion trends in islamic fashion. even if you are closed and hid all your hair, you can still remain fashionable. there are all the conditions for a variety of fabric colors and sizes,

you can still remain beautiful ekaterina zadnichenko especially for international viewing. former us president donald trump also drew attention to the undermining of the nord stream, he warned that the continuation of the crisis would end in a really big war and offered to personally lead a group that would help. find ukraine conclude the world in its main impotence the art of making deals trump recalling some episode from his own business career. described myself as an outstanding crisis manager, it's my time, writes trump the worst times always create the best opportunities probably. trump believes that times are already not good enough for us to hope for the best. yes it's god it

was an international review, goodbye.

it's always interesting how it all starts. now everyone will see the manufacturers of good things want and but it's best to check.

the oligarchs were interested in a personal guard, all this was supervised at the highest level, if the president of the country gives the go-ahead, then, of course, such units are created by punishers from nationalist battalions. they immediately came to the donbass to kill the entire population, that we can destroy you, but nothing will happen in the city

. massacres are committed, that is, they set fire to the administrative building. taxi drivers took away the morgue, four sweeps were carried out right in the trunks of cars.

welcome home hundreds of thousands of people came out celebrate the inclusion of the donetsk and luhansk republics of the zaporozhye kherson region into the russian federation, russia is doing everything to ensure security, revive the economy and restore the regions that have become part of our country, vladimir emphasized