established 50 million years ago, in order to prevent a global catastrophe, the temperature should increase by no more than one and a half degrees annually, which means that the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions should decrease by 43% by 2030. all this rather complicated arithmetic. it was the reason for the introduction of a cross-border carbon tax, it is going to be introduced in the eu in 2023, the whole world seems to be in solidarity on this issue. well, each country has its own area of ​​interest, and we have russia, which is the largest exporter of hydrocarbons. and wherein little is taken into account are the vast forests with which our country is rich, since according to international estimates, our forests absorb only 25% of all emissions. well, is this true, because the sequestration of carbon by various natural landscapes is a rather small process, studied, since, of course, russia has the world's largest forest reserves and the world's largest climate resources in general. and of course, uh, we we have the

expertise that would allow us to adequately and honestly protect our interests, uh, and protect our resources. until now, we are forced to use foreign methods. the carbon footprint is the totality of all greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide co2 and methane ch4 , human life, highways, factories and farms, in fact, everything that we do one way or another leaves a carbon footprint, but how to calculate it correctly in the scientific and technical center for monitoring, environment and ecology of the moscow institute of physics and technology have developed a unique device that allows you to accurately and remotely measure greenhouse gases sergey tell us how this device works measures the spectrum and the basic principle underlying the operation of this device is optical heteroning. this is a system. uh, tracking the sun. that is, clouds should not be. yes, we are clearly pointing this optics at the solar disk by simply analyzing the solar radiation that has passed through the atmosphere. at

what speed does air flow move? at what height? that is, in fact, we passively measure the speed, the wind is also mobile up to a height of 50 km and at any time you can to carry out the necessary measurements in the desired radius of the technique, passive scientists analyze. how much carbon dioxide and erinthane is contained in the entire column of the atmosphere, the main goal is monitoring, and the ecological situation in specially protected natural areas, that is, reserves, and we tested it in the tver reserve. sergey zinevich, a graduate of the kemerovo state university, continued his scientific research as a young specialist at the moscow institute of physics and technology . and now he the candidate of science is developing infrared spectrometers, including here, which will fly to mars and venus. and if you make an industrial design simply with large entry points, then there are definitely more channels. this makes sense, and moreover, we are going to use a similar technology from our laboratory for development. a couple of years

ago, our laboratory won the competition, in which in 2026 our equipment will be placed on the platform of the indian orbiter, and we flying to explore the upper atmosphere of venus the main task of this device is to obtain reliable data on the spatial and temporal variability of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and natural ecosystems. in the meantime, other scientists are trying to invent materials that can absorb carbon monoxide and convert it into carbon monoxide compounds that are safe for humans. it is carbon monoxide, which is considered one of the most toxic and dangerous for humans, in order to reduce its share, for example, it is used in automobile exhausts. catalytic converters. they convert carbon monoxide into non-toxic dioxide and thereby reduce its harmful effect on the efficiency of any catalyst. it depends primarily on its catalytic activity at some given temperature. the more active the catalyst will be at a particular temperature. at

lower temperatures, the more useful it is for humanity in this laboratory, scientists are engaged in the synthesis of new materials based on platinum nanoparticles and boron nitride, it is used as carrier matrix, that is, the base, it turned out that the resulting material demonstrates catalytic activity, and at temperatures below 100 ° c , it is precisely due to such properties that scientists decided to use it for the conversion of carbon monoxide to effectively catalyze the process of carbon monoxide oxidation, the process is very convenient in terms of its scaling . we can obtain such particles in laboratory conditions. well, with fairly simple parameters, thus, uh, this allows us to say that the process can be expanded in industry in the scientific work of andrey kowski is more interested in the processes of interaction in the structure of particles, that is, of fundamental importance. and the

practical effect obtained from the possible use of a new material is a kind of bonus that can benefit the environment in parallel with the carbon monoxide oxidation reaction. she me also studied the reaction. e, hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and in this reaction. e, the material also proved to be quite effective. in addition, materials based on hexagonal nitridors functionalized with various metals according to similar techniques can be used and are currently being actively studied for biomedical applications, however, at the moment we are talking about laboratory, that is, very small scales of synthesis. but after all, quite recently they also talked about carbon nanotubes, and now they are being produced for us in large-scale production and used in almost all industries where increased strength or good electrical and thermal conductivity are required. in the kaliningrad

region, they are trying to fight the carbon footprint the work of a whole carbon range is aimed at this comprehensively, there are already 14 such sites in russia, but the peculiarity of this two sites is one located in the baltic sea. and there, experts are investigating a methane anomaly, the second one in the place of a drained peat bog. hence the name sundew in honor of the unique swamp plant, which almost disappeared here, but today, thanks to the efforts of scientists, it is being restored, and anton in the twenty- first year, the sundew carbon polygon was opened. and what are the results already and what will be the future development? we are very glad that we got into this program of the kaliningrad region, which is really very interesting in terms of, but the presence of different possibilities for measuring and influencing. and for example, the reverse swamping of peatlands e consumption of carbon dioxide through various areas, and the sea coast. we also have our own developments on this subject, sundew, this polygo. one of the first that was created in the russian

federation, the baltic federal university is now developing what is good and what is convenient, almost only an hour drive from kaliningrad and you are already on the site, so to speak. and it saves a lot. let's just say resources for e research. and we believe that this is one of such important areas for our country, and the potential one that has the greatest effect is just the swamping of the territory of former peatlands for now. uh, the numbers show that this is probably one of the most uh efficient, in terms of carbon dioxide absorption, no doubt, of course i talked there, went to this platform communicated with young scientists. eh, i looked at how life is arranged there and, well, i was impressed, to be honest, here are the developments that they are doing in russia in this sense, there are all the possibilities for these methods. other

new methods yes, uh, in terms of environmental friendliness in terms of reducing the carbon footprint, but to make the mainstream generally global, so i hope that the bfu will also have its say in this sense . scientists are assessing the carbon balance and preparing for it watering. all this will help to increase the removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. further here was the swamp ecosystem, which just could sequester sequestered greenhouse gases. uh, but after peat was mined here in the 1970s, the peat bog was drained. well, in general, the vegetation was completely destroyed and this ecosystem. uh, it has lost its very important natural function, the main one is peat formation, that is, the ability to remove it from the atmosphere. greenhouse gases. now the task of scientists is to correct the mistake of previous generations of tatyanaprienko. dorokhova micro-pauleontologist is a graduate of the faculty. the ecology of the kant baltic federal university knows

literally everything about the swamp; now it is mastering new environmentally friendly methods on the spot. right now we are gathering uh most of de data to model the restoration of this wetland ecosystem because we are aiming to uh implement a restoration project for this peatland, and without pre-modeling this can not be done because we need to understand how ecosystem itself. if we start watering it, where it will be necessary to put jumpers, where to stop the stack of swamp waters, that is, now all this is being done in order to collect a set of necessary parameters for modeling. now the emission of greenhouse gases. here it is a little less than in industrial areas. but if the water is returned to the swamp, they will be covered with moss, thus the natural ecosystem will be restored, which will actively absorb co2 if we are talking about returning the system to more or less. this state is

of course, for decades. maybe even the first hundreds of years, if we talk about the complete restoration of the ecosystem and its functions, then this is several hundred years, of course, this is a rather long-term process. it is only our distant, distant descendants who will see the results of our work, which we began. scientists are now taking samples of greenhouse gases into syringes in a laboratory from the emission of greenhouse gases on a chromatograph. at the moment, hmm, a chromatograph actually measures not only hydrocarbon gases and carbon dioxide. uh, and also oxygen and nitrogen. but at the moment we get the average content of methane - this is two or three, pipeel is the average content of carbon dioxide. there from 400 to 600 pp , the main task of researchers is to obtain data on the scale of emissions and absorption of greenhouse gases in order to compare these two indicators and subsequently calculate the conventional carbon unit. that is,

here is water that can then be sold to those who produce greenhouse gases. achieving carbon neutrality is a global challenge for the coming decades, the extent to which it is feasible depends on including from restored natural ecosystems, from their ability to absorb co2 and produce quotas, this was the science and i program natalya popova see you soon to have the taste of our nuggets, we use only 100% chicken breast meat without growth hormones, the very quality is delicious and perspective point this is an opportunity to see the new in the old, and so that the prospects become a reality. use a credit card and don't worry about interest 120 days without interest and

get a year of free service. uralsib perspectives where you are. maybe you’ll already do something, why are gigabytes themselves accrued for free only in megafon the tariff becomes more profitable every month for free, switch to megafon trying to guess if you will be approved for a loan. a comparison will help you know for sure. check your credit score. try the application and find out which bank will approve the loan on the best terms on compare if a loan then compare. choose the best maximum benefit for watches and jewelry sokolov discounts from 60% on everything. choose sokolov right now on wildberries open a free business account in alpha-bank for any actions on the account. for 7.99

м. papers. open the world of investment snipe. the energy of gigabytes launches the internet once every three months doubles gigabytes of tariffs so that all subscribers of the country receive more benefits forever everyone is given for those who connected and for those who have been with us for a long time connect to tele2 and get double gigabytes, we double gigabytes forever, every 3

months tele2 has different rules. did you know that you can get a loan at zero percent online and immediately think on the card, this is impossible. maybe. choose a loan on favorable terms in comparison. if a loan, then compare. choose the best. hello. ekaterina gracheva is with you and this is a weekly interview on russia 24 channel, where he talks with representatives of the russian orthodox church about the main events that took place during past 7 days. today our guest is the chairman of the department for external church relations of the moscow patriarchate, metropolitan anthony of volokolamsk hello hello ekaterina in early september, the 11th general assembly of the world council of churches was held in germany and president steinmeier came there and spoke in favor of removing the roc from this council altogether.

but as far as i understand, the assembly acted softer, and a certain document on ukraine was issued by a certain resolution and, it seems, even proposals russian side. uh, they were taken into account there, right, it really took place this year, the regular general assembly of the world council of churches. we recently returned from there to the russian orthodox church. there was a large delegation there, and i must say that moskov farhat has been participating in the work of the world council of churches since 1961. we have traditionally come to all, uh, significant events within the framework of the work of the aria and the general assembly, of course, this year is no exception, and uh, you really are right. hmm on the very first day. uh, when hmm our assembly began its work, and its participants, and there were almost 2,000 people from all over the world, came to greet the president of germany, mr. steinmeier and unfortunately, in his welcoming speech, he separately touched on the topic of

the presence in the hall of the delegation of the russian orthodox church . and in general, he said what, of course, we perceived as an absolutely rude attempt to pressure a high-ranking political leader on such a respected interreligious organization as world church council, of course, listen to the words. the head of state in the territory we were at that moment such words were very unpleasant and frankly speaking. i, after mr. steinmeier finished his speech and immediately left the hall, of course, no one gave us the opportunity to say something in response. i was left with very heavy feelings and thought about how the remaining days would pass. we were supposed to be in germany for almost 2 weeks, but uh, i must say that mr. president, in fact, we are very helped both me and other members of our delegation, people began to approach in a multitude, who began to tell us that they

categorically disagree with what mr. steineier said. they welcome our presence at the assembly. we are glad we are there. eh, moreover, among such people who approached us were representatives of the german churches, who generally said, you do not listen to our president. he said some nonsense, uh, and we categorically disagree with him from the state, both in our country and in germany e. based on what? oh, president steinmeier , in general, in connection with what he was at this event , you know, if such a speech had come from the lips of some ebullient ukrainian schismatic? which by the way were also present in this room? well , this could probably be understood, but when it says, uh, the head of state. uh, i think it's categorically unacceptable and right after uh hmm the day is over, i made a comment to the media about what we certainly think is absolutely any attempt to exert such pressure on