good afternoon bandera from inted - this is such a formula minted for ukrainian nationalists, well-established in the phrase. and what place did political assassinations occupy in general in the practice of ukrainian nationalism. well, we can say that such a starting point in this regard was, of course, creation. e konovaltsev in the twentieth year. uh, ukrainian military organizations. during it was very aggressive, but the minority were completely different politicians who tried to defend by other methods. uh, political right ukrainians, as if somewhere it worked out, somewhere it worked out less, but it was a kind of process. and such people, including those who also became victims, and the most interesting thing about those same political murders, but already a generational change has occurred between bender's own canal. and those people who were originally former officers passed, which means they had a traumatic world experience there. and civil and so on. well, how

can you understand that these are their methods, but here is the galician youth who came after them and actually. here, around bandera, these people were grouped who, in theory, did not have such experience, but they are even more radical than this practice of political assassinations. ah, they began to confess the murder of another person. there is a way. here's to self-realization in attracting the superhuman man. and it was very. well, let's say this was especially impregnated with this, i repeat, uh, galician and the youth, uh, who went into terror and does it very actively. these people did not disdain such methods against each other. yes, because there blown into the details split there into several parts and continued to kill each other, then this was the easiest way to solve. whatever question you are, that is, it was completely penetrating. but ukrainian nationalism. uh, from the very beginning it was this practice and this and the cult of murder, therefore, this word, and there tatata. she's so pretty, like uh, hmm sounds. with

such a foreign flair. yes, today we see that the practice of this bandera tentate. uh, the ukrainian security forces and special services also come running. why it became possible, uh, nowadays there are actually several factors, like the nineties, and it was no longer politics. these were just criminal murders, but they were already performed by ukrainian nationalists. and we remember that this sasha billo. yes, again, who was killed by avakov. yes, that is, it all very much resembles these showdowns, so to speak, melnik from bandera yes, but their people, but only at a new level, that is, these criminal methods, and doing business, again, they are fine superimposed on this one, uh, bender's fleur yes, the ideology of terrorism. and in the end we got that this is an amazing thing. it's under. imagine that terrorists, corresponding to ideology, were simultaneously filtered into the special services and outright crime, corresponding to practice, was also filtered. what

is called found each other, and therefore it is even difficult to find analogues for this somewhere in the modern world. yes, so that the special services turned out to be so , uh, filled with these people in the ukrainian case this is, especially, for example, absolutely, but the emphasis is on , as they say, liquidation or there from a non- combatant. yes, that is, people who do not carry other weapons, which are impossible under any circumstances, but can be imagined, but as a military target, yes or a legitimate military target e in lvov could have been killed before the war, there the director of the ukrainian gymnasium for cooperation as then they could kill a teacher, uh, sent from the eastern regions of the ussr yes, the one who taught the ukrainian language to children in her face could be killed or the galician writer could have been killed, and we are now seeing exactly the same repetition. and here they are rooted precisely there, the practice of killing civilians, who are of such an intimidating terrorist nature. she can break. e somehow the situation or people's opinion in favor. authorities, it's a question of

how rationally they do it. yes, that is, they really want to win this way. like, yes, this is some kind of cold calculation, or i repeat. here's my point of view is that they do it because what they can, because in this way they realize themselves, well. yes, of course it's fear. this is terror. this , uh, brings its own psychological effect. it seems to me, uh, we were not even ready for this in the sense that here we are all talking about bender and bandera. these were some empty sounds. that's what i'm saying, now it shows how this theory is directly related to, uh, practice, you need to understand what we are dealing with, uh, and we are facing. but, and thus achieve. e of some kind, there is a fracture, and in my benefit. well, just, maybe, just just shed more blood. and yes, this is the only one. and what can be achieved? yes, and yet another amazing thing, which is absolutely. under the absolute

silence of the west, yes, that is, it is being done. well, it's obvious, war crimes, so to speak. yes, i repeat, they die, and in people who can not be. e reckon. this, at least theoretically , is the goal for sabotage in general. it's just ignored as if it doesn't exist, and it happens with frightening regularity . last. ah. just a case, this is already a transition from some kind of artisanal methods, such as an improvised explosive device or a shot in uh, shooting with precision weapons. why, as an ex-, er, deputy crane, whom many knew, there was just a rocket. uh, hit the hotel and we absolutely understand that it was right. ah, a targeted strike. that is already directly new. yes , imagine that people have appeared with that terrorist criminal thinking. it's just, uh, the new arsenal, that's what they can achieve. thank you very much for interesting the story of the oppression of the native language in the russian empire is a typical story that is so loved. to show historians and writers in ukraine the valuev

circular of 1863 on the suspension of printing in the little russian language, the religious educational and for the initial reading of literature em and the decree on the same topic of 1876. yes, all this was, but there was another poem burlesque by ivan kotlyarevsky enaid, from which modern ukrainian literature originates, was published in st. petersburg, the capital of the empire, in 1809. work enjoyed such popularity that it went through four editions during the life of the author, two of them pirated without the knowledge of the writer. kotlyarevsky became famous in 1903. in poltava, a monument was erected to him for the little russian province. it was a rarity. in an almanac with a characteristic

title, a review of russian literature for 1828, a critic, an arrest sum entered from all the previous inoids, only the little russian parody of kotlyarevsky survived because its authors knew how to season their poem with little russian salt and bring it out vividly. at her instead of the trojans. the carthaginians of the elatinians, their little russians, with their home life habits and sayings, appreciated the classics of ukrainian literature in russia. and here are a few more examples from individual chapters of the book. the black rada of panteleimon kulish, the first historical novel in ukrainian literature, was published in 1845 in the russian conversation magazine. in moscow, the text was printed in russian to make it accessible to a wide range of readers. the entire

black rada saw the light in 12 years and already in two languages ​​in russian in the capital and in ukrainian no, not in kiev but in st. petersburg, an even more revealing story of the publication in the russian empire of the kobzar of the first collection of poems by taras grigorievich shevchenko during the life of the poet in 1840 to the sixty-first years. three editions of the kobzar were published in russia, the last after shevchenko's return and printed in exile thanks to the intercession of the then tsarist minister of education , kavalevsky, before the censorship committee. after shevchenko's death, the kobzars were published in russia more than 10 times over the course of 30 years, some circulations reached 60.000 copies. the current poet, that russians and ukrainians never dreamed of such a thing. this is how the classics of ukrainian literature were oppressed in russia

during the empire more in the plot of olga mokhova, this is how taras shevchenko saw the russian artist mikhail mikeshin, the author of the monuments to catherine ii in st. year to publish only three volumes, the texts in them are printed in a column, on the left ukrainian, on the right russian collection of zhekabzare with drawing from shevchenko's pommel according to the imperial academy of arts. vasily shtyrberg opened the poet's expressive folk home to the world . uh, resolution. er what e testifies to the official nature of this edition, it has a magnificent hmm engraving at the beginning of the text, but er in other places of the text er, empty er empty places left for

other engravings in 1884 in balashov's st. order a portrait of shevchenko in leipzig in a publishing company bragauz, then they believed that the germans make the best engravings, in general, publishers loved creativity, as zarya published his poetry, both in rich bindings, and for the mass reader, the poem katerina published in st. petersburg in e. in the printing house of the house of contempt for juveniles in ligovka, there are editions in volkin. uh, a typical popular penny. the so -called book. with such a deep illustration a little bit. this is evidence of that. here is a book for her book bought a verse about a blind old man playing the kobza in his first shevchenko devoted a poetic collection to evgeny the comb, he helped in every possible way, so now , perhaps, few people remember, but at the heart of the romance that has become popular, the eyes of the black verse of the comb, supplemented and superbly performed already at the turn of the 19-20 centuries by fedor, chaliapin for 4 years before

the release of the review. in st. petersburg, little russian orders were issued by the natives of the poltava province, yevgeny grebenka. eh, grebyonka, by the way, translated poltava pushkin into ukrainian. grebyonka himself wrote both in russian and in ukrainian and became interested in his fables. pushkin himself even wanted to translate it in the former public imperial library of the current russian national there was a legal deposit rule. in it one could find everything that came out on the territory of the russian empire, only the st. to make it easy for people to read far from actually. uh, well, traditional ukrainian culture on the one hand, and on the other hand. after all, at that moment there was no codification of a full-fledged codification of languages, and naida

kotlyarevsky appears at the rise of public interest in folk life and culture. arrangement of the plot of the virgel's wanderings of the hero of the trojan war is written in a language as close as possible to the colloquial speech of the poltava region, the author rod yes, and the whole life of the characters is closer to the zaporizhzhya sich than to the ancient realities before that, and the speech is the language in which written has never been so close to the real, and the element of the people has never been so alive in others, dekotlyarevsky was the first ukrainian writer to turn to the language of contemporary ordinary people, in fact, in his poem , the foundation of the ukrainian literary language was laid, however, accepted with enthusiasm by the russian public works in little russian society caused mixed reviews, a well-known figure. kulishon wrote, uh, about koklyarevism as a low style. eh, how is that? just a river expression. eh, they say

gum images. uh, the feat was written or it can not be high ukrainian literature. in terms of the number of publications, inaida is second only to the kobzar after kotlyarevsky's wife natalka poltavka was even published in the pocket format of the cheap library series. in 1841, ivan kotlyarevsky's one-act play muscovite was published in moscow. chervnik chervnykh according to the russian magician brought great popularity to the play, the outstanding russian actor mikhail shchepkin, who played in it a rustic husband, the main character of the 19th century, was really called muscovites, and only recruits, and originating from the territory, well, inhabited by ethnic ukrainians and little russians, and recruits to the russian army in the army of the russian empire by an ethnonym. moreover, the word became negatively colored only at the beginning of the 20th century. and in the nineteenth century, russofir

views were strong among ethnic ukrainians. in russian society, ukrainianism was in vogue from january 1861 to october 1862 in st. petersburg, a south russian literary collection osnov, which became the center of russian ukraine, was published monthly. and the problem of the national language were then very popular. disputes. whether the dialects are only the little russian language or is it an independent language, in connection with this , wishes were expressed that the language would also acquire its own status in the independence of the national culture, so that, in particular , textbooks and official acts would be published in this language, the main thing of the last years of taras shevchenko's life was just the creation of such teaching aids in 1861. he published his south russian primer for sunday schools, the journal, the basis existence not due to oppression of censorship, as is commonly believed, but with the termination of its sponsorship olga mokhova anastasia popova valeriy savelyev typical, ukraine