and an awning attempt or political assassination for the purpose of intimidation and revenge, this term was widely used among bandera and nationalists and was practically official among them in the twenties and sixties of the last century, the very word tracing paper from german, which was widely used in galicia in austro-hungarian times today ukrainian wikipedia in the article political assassination says that the most famous of the intants were carried out by fighters for independence from units of the mind and upa against foreign enemies of ukraine and against ukrainians collaborators who collaborated with the polish or soviet authorities, depending on which state western ukraine was part of at that time, the wikipedia text is dry, striving for an

encyclopedic , but behind the words diplomats and ukrainian teachers of multitreatment in the pre-war years. ukrainian nationalists made several unsuccessful assassination attempts on 1 and 2 leaders in poland marshal józef pilsudski and president stanislav czechowski were wounded by evmini subs. rusinsky, priest the author of the russian grammar for schools for carpathia in leo shot the soviet diplomat aleksey maylov, after the murder of the polish minister of the interior, the pirate organizer of the terrorist attack stepan bandera, the future led ukrainian nationalists and the head, and the mind was sentenced to death. replaced it with a life sentence, but from a polish prison. bandera came out thanks to them. the

post-war years became a particularly massive practice of political assassinations, when she was liberated in the lands of western ukraine , soviet power was established and peaceful life was restored from 1945 to the fifty-third years in the western ukrainian territories, the nationalists committed about 14.5 thousand sabotage and terrorist attacks. during this time, more than 17,000 soviet citizens were killed. among them are not only chairmen of collective farms , communists and komsomol members, but also over 15,000 ordinary rural residents, almost a thousand of whom are old women and children. to reproduce such a terrible sight from the ancestral bodies of the dead was to make the living numb with fear. about how the traditions of bandera’s otentat have become instruments of

political terror in modern ukrainian society in the story of anna efimova, on august 20, in the suburbs of moscow, on mozhaisk highway, a deafening explosion is heard, a car takes off behind the wheel daria dugina russian journalist daughter of the famous philosopher and ideologist of the russian world alexander dugin this the news literally stirred up the russian world media while alone expressed sincere condolences, others were tormented by numerous doubts, they say, who killed and why? and yes, it was a murder. in fact, the americans immediately disowned participation in this crime and blamed the explosion directly on ukraine in the pages of a respected publication in the united states before the new york times, the following american officials said they did not know about the operation in advance and would have

opposed the assassination, if they were consulted according to their words after that u.s. officials voiced their displeasure to the ukrainians over the assassination. here it is possible to regard it as? well, a certain signal to ukraine that, and you will be responsible for your actions yourself, that is, that the united states will not take responsibility recently and in the territories that have fallen under russian jurisdiction there has been a whole series of murders and attacks on representatives of local authorities, blowing up a car in kherson temporarily, the acting head of the duty department of the traffic police, major sneshin, the murder in deputy military civil administration of the kherson region alexei kovalev and head of the administration of nova kakhovka vitaliy gur. this is by no means a complete list. anyone who expresses sympathy for russia becomes a target for ukrainian militants. a good example is the assassination attempt on the rector of kherson

state university tatyana tomilina, who they tried to blow up in the entrance of her own house. the reaction to this from ukraine was predictably approving. collaborators should remember that this will be the case with every series of mass deaths covered the square in the early days of the beginning of its march 1 in the luhansk region. the mayor of the city of kremennaya, vladimir struk, was kidnapped a day later, his neck was found dead and his hands were wrapped with electrical tape. the official’s tornado was commented on his facebook page by the odious adviser to the head of the ministry of internal affairs of ukraine, anton gerashchenko, one less traitor, apparently shot by unknown patriots, as a traitor according to the laws of war . a few days later, on march 7, the mayor of gostomel was killed in the kiev region. yuri sticky. he is known to have had strained relationships with veterans. ato and he were repeatedly threatened during the fighting. prylipka tried to organize negotiations between the russian and ukrainian military on the withdrawal of civilians from the

city. as a result, together with two volunteers. he was shot in the head when he was distributing humanitarian aid, the ukrainian media unanimously claimed that the mayor was allegedly shot by the russian invaders and the invaders got stuck in the head of a thick one, risking the bulk of yuriy a gap, informing about the gostomulskaya sallishnada raises many questions and the tragic death of a deputy of several convocations and an active participant in two maidans, david zhvania. he died on may 9 of this year, allegedly during an artillery shelling, however, if we take into account the statements made recently by the deputy of the version of his accidental death. can you doubt? i'm ready to testify. in myself against petro poroshenko against autumn against alexander turchinov against vitali klitschko is my only condition. i ask you to guarantee my safety. one of the most notorious was the murder of a member ukrainian delegation at the talks with russia

denis kireev on march 5, 2022, 4 days after the meeting in gomel, the staff. the sbu shot him right in the center of kiev, allegedly during his arrest on suspicion of state crimes. let me change this is just an example of such, uh, itylary, which connected the old elite with each other. uh, well, and the elites, and given that in belarus, as far as we can restore uh. there were negotiations initially about something, like, as they said, capitulation, or surrender on some kind of conditions, because that’s how the delegation was set up initially, and then something incomprehensible stories began to happen to her. and so, apparently. here are those who, so to speak, represented the constructive part of the ukrainian side. in general, they decided to liquidate, in general, regarding the liquidation of objectionable opponents. ukraine has rich experience enough to recall the murder of journalists. george gangadze. pavel sheremet and oles buzina,

when a real civil war began in the country in the spring of 2014, donbass became the scene of high-profile contract killings, the death of the sparta battalion commander arseniy pavlov, known under the call sign motorol of his closest associate. mikhail tolstykh , the famous givi, the head of the somali battalion and, finally, the leader, the dpr, alexander zakharchenko, became for the donbass, not in execution, the loss could be attributed, for example, to political competitors or to foreign intelligence services further outside the territory of ukraine. tv broadcasts that yes, it was our special services who destroyed the leaders of silence. german lugansk difficult republics, then, of course, we can state the fact that it was the ukrainian terrorist state that eliminated the first head of the donetsk people's republic. the boasting of the ukrainian authorities and security forces is typical, as well as their inconsistency, their reaction to undermining two

spans of the crimean bridge, a clear confirmation of this, if at first in kiev, they actually admitted their involvement in the terrorist attack and even promised to continue in the same spirit, then literally in a matter of hours, realizing a serious image loss changed their position by 180° and began in every possible way to deny participation in this crime to him. it's not just an inversion. this is precisely a terrorist attack, because the goal of any terrorist attack. this is intimidation of the population , instilling fear, but also, in general, inspiring , uh, sleeping cells. well, terrorist attacks begin when the enemy has nothing to oppose on the battlefield and random people who find themselves at the wrong time are paying for it. and in the wrong place anna efimova valery savelyev anastasia popova typical ukraine about how the tradition was formed political assassination in ukraine and what it resulted in. today we will talk with our permanent expert, historian and political scientist alexander

vasiliev. sasha good afternoon. good afternoon bandera from inted - this is such a formula minted for ukrainian nationalists, an established phrase. and what place did political assassinations occupy in general in the practice of ukrainian nationalism. well, we can say that the starting point in this regard was, of course, the creation of the econovaians in the twentieth year. uh, ukrainian military organizations. it was very aggressive, but the minority were completely different politicians who tried to defend the right of ukrainians by other methods, and politically the right of ukrainians, as if somewhere it worked out somewhere it worked out less , but it was a kind of process. and such people, including those, also became victims, and of those same e, political murders, the most interesting thing is that e has already happened between his own canal and bandera and a change of generations. and those

people who were originally former officers passed, which means they had a traumatic experience of the world war, civil and so on. well, how can one understand that these are their methods, but here is the galician youth, who came after them and in fact . here, around bandera, these people were grouped who, in theory, did not have such experience, but they are even more radical than this practice of political assassinations. uh, they began to confess the murder of another person. there is a way. here's to self-realization attracting the superhuman man. and it was very. well, let's say this was especially impregnated with this, i repeat, uh, galician and the youth, uh, who went and did terror. this very active. these people did not disdain such methods in relation to each other. yes, because that 's where i'm not blown. into the details. having split there into several parts, they continued to kill each other, then this was the easiest way to solve. it wasn't questions, that is, it was completely penetrating. but ukrainian nationalism. uh, from the very beginning, this is the practice of murder and this is the cult of murder, and therefore this word,

and there is tata, it is so beautiful, like, uh, hmm sounds with such a foreign flair. yes, today we see that the practice of this bandera, antat, uh, is also resorted to by the ukrainian security forces and special services. why it became possible, uh, nowadays there are actually several factors, like the nineties, and it was no longer politics. these were just criminal murders, but they were already performed by ukrainian nationalists. and we remember this sasha billov. yes, again, who was killed by avakov. yes, that is, it's all very reminiscent of these showdowns, so to speak. melnikov from bandera yes, but their people, but only already at a new level, that is, these criminal methods, and doing business, again, they superimposed perfectly on this one, uh, bender's fleur yes, the ideology of terrorism, and in the end we got that amazing thing, what is this imagine that at the same time , terrorists corresponding to the ideology were

infiltrated into the special services and outright crime was infiltrated by the corresponding practice, including them. what is called they found each other, and therefore it is even difficult for this to pick up somewhere in the modern world analogues. yes, uh, the special services turned out to be so uh, filled with these people in the ukrainian case, this is, especially, for example, absolutely, and the emphasis is on there, as they say, liquidation or there from a non- combatant. yes, that is, people who do not carry other weapons, which are impossible under any guise, but can be imagined, but as a military target, yes. how then they could kill the teacher, and sent from the eastern regions of the ussr yes, that the ukrainian language was taught to children in her face could be killed or the galician writer could and we see, now exactly the same repetition. and here they are rooted precisely there, the practice of killing civilians, which are of such an intimidating terrorist nature. she

can break. e somehow the situation or the opinion of people in favor of the ukrainian authorities. it's a question of how rationally they do it. yes, that is, they really want to win this way. that's like, yes, it's some kind of cold calculation or repeat. here's my point of view is that they do it because they can because in this way they realize themselves. yes, of course it's fear. this is terror. this , uh, brings its own psychological effect. it seems to me, uh, we, uh, were not even ready for this in the sense that we all say bendera bandera. these were some empty sounds. that's what i'm saying, now it shows how this theory is directly related to practice, you need to understand what we are dealing with. e from face. but, and thus achieve. e some so to speak there. flip er in your favor, but just, maybe, just just shed more blood. ah. yes, this is the only one. uh, what can be achieved yes, and yet the

amazing thing is that it is absolutely under absolute silence. and the west, yes, that is, here it is being committed, well, this is an obvious war crime, so to speak. yes, i repeat, they die, and in people who can not be. e reckon. this, at least theoretically , is the goal for sabotage in general. it's simple ignored as if it doesn't exist, and it comes with a frightening effect. uh, just the regularity of the last. uh, just a case, this is already a transition from some artisanal methods, such as an improvised explosive device or a shot to a high-precision weapon. why, as with uh, the deputy crane, whom many knew, was just a rocket. uh, hit the hotel and we absolutely understand that it was right. ah, a targeted strike. that is already directly new. yes , imagine people with that terrorist criminal thinking and that’s all just appeared. uh, the new arsenal, that's what they can achieve. thank you very much for an interesting story. the oppression of the native language in the russian

empire is a typical plot that historians and writers in ukraine love to present so much, the valuev circular of 1863 on the suspension of printing in the little russian language, a religious educational and for the initial reading of literature em and the decree on the same topic in 1876. yes, all this was, but there was another poem burlesque by ivan kotlyarevsky enaid, from which the modern ukrainian literature was published in st. petersburg, the capital of the empire, in 1809. the work was so popular that it went through four editions during the life of the author, two of them pirated without notice, became famous in 1903 . in poltava, they put him in. for the little russian

province, it was a rarity for a valmanakh with a characteristic title. a review of russian literature for 1828. a critic, the arrest of soums, wrote from all previous inoids, only kotlyarevsky’s little russian parody because its authors were able to spice up your poem with little russian salt and bring it out vividly. in it instead of trojans. carthage elatenian fellow countrymen of their few russians with their home life habits and sayings appreciated in russia the classics of ukrainian literature. and here are a few more examples from individual chapters of the book. chernaya rada of panteleimon kulish, the first historical novel in ukrainian literature, was published in 1845 in the journal russian conversation in moscow, the text was printed

in russian to make it accessible to a wide range of readers, but the entire black rada saw light in 12 years and already in two languages ​​in russian in the capital city and in ukrainian no not in kiev but in st. petersburg there is an even more revealing story of the publication in the russian empire of the kobzar of the first collection of poems by taras grigorievich shevchenko during the lifetime of the poet in 1840 to the sixty- first years in three editions of the kobzar came out in russia, the last after shevchenko's return and the links were printed thanks to the intercession of the then tsarist minister of education kovalevsky before the censorship committee after shevchenko's death kobzar published in russia more than 10 times over 30 years. some circulations reached 60,000 copies today, therefore, russians and ukrainians

never dreamed of such a thing. this is how the classics of ukrainian literature were oppressed in russia during the empire . more details in the story of olga mokhova this is how the russian artist mikhail mikeshin saw taras shevchenko, the author of the monuments to catherine ii in st. publish only three volumes, the texts in them are printed in a column, on the left ukrainian, on the right russian collection of zhekabzar with a drawing by shevchenko's classmate at the imperial academy of arts. vasily shterberg opened the poet's expressive folk home to the world. notable, uh, well, notable for the fact that it has censorship. uh, resolution. er what er testifies to the official nature of this edition, it has a magnificent hmm engraving at the beginning of the text, but uh in

other places of the text uh, empty uh empty places left for other engravings in 1884 in st. petersburg printing house balashov ordered a portrait of shevchenko in the league in the bragauz publishing company for the publication of a kobzar, then they believed that the germans make the best engravings, in general, publishers loved creativity, like zarya they published his poetry, both in rich bindings, and for the mass reader, the poem katerina published in st. petersburg in e. in the printing house of the house of contempt for juveniles in ligovka , there are editions in volkin. uh, a typical popular penny. this is the so-called book. with such a deep illustration a little bit. this evidence of that. here, a book was bought for her book a verse about a blind start playing the kobza, in his first poetry collection shevchenko dedicated to evgeny the comb, he helped the poet in every possible way now, perhaps, few people remember, but at the heart of the popular romance, the eyes of the black verse of the comb , supplemented and superbly performed

already at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries by fedor, chaliapin 4 years before the publication of the kobzar. in st. petersburg , little russian orders were issued by the natives of the poltava province, evgeny ogrebenka. uh, comb between by the way, poltava translated pushkin into ukrainian. grebyonka himself wrote both in russian and in ukrainian and became interested in his fables. pushkin himself even wanted to translate it in the former public imperial library of the current russian national library, there was a legal deposit rule. in it one could find everything that came out on the territory of the russian empire, only the st. petersburg editions of taras shevchenko and ivan kotlyarevsky are no less here; the so-called cyrillic alphabet with sieurs and eggs , the graphics were as close as possible to russian graphics, so that it would be convenient to read for people far from the actual. uh, well, traditional ukrainian culture on the one hand, and on the other

hand. after all, at that moment there was no codification of a full-fledged codification of languages, and naida kotlyarevsky appears at the rise of public interest in folk life and culture. the arrangement of the plot of virgel's wanderings of the hero of the trojan war is written in a language as close as possible to colloquial speech of the poltava region, the author rod yes, and the whole life of the characters is closer to the zaporizhzhya sich than to ancient realities before that, and the language in which it is written has never been so close to the real, and the folk element has never been so alive in other, katlyarevsky first of ukrainian writers turned to the language of contemporary ordinary people, in fact, in his poem , the foundation of the ukrainian literary language was laid, however, the works accepted with enthusiasm by the russian public in little russian society caused mixed assessments, a well-known figure. kulishon wrote, uh, about koklyarevism as a low style. eh, how

is that? just a river expression. eh, tight images say. e subjected to the feats written. or it cannot be high ukrainian literature. in terms of the number of publications, inaida is second only to the kotlyarevsky mzhk kobzar natalka poltavka was published even in the pocket format of the cheap library series . chervnik chervnykh in russian magician big the popularity of the play was brought by the outstanding russian actor mikhail shchepkin, who played the main character of the 19th century in it, a rustic husband, and indeed only recruits were called muscovites, and those originating from the territory, well, inhabited by ethnic ukrainians and little russians, and recruits to the russian army in the army of the russian empire an ethnonym. moreover, the word became negatively colored only at the beginning of the 20th century. and in the nineteenth century,

russofir views were strong among ethnic ukrainians. in russian society, it was in fashion ukrainianism from january 1861 to october 1862 in st. petersburg, a monthly south russian literary collection foundation, which became the center of russian ukrai, was published in st . disputes. whether the dialects are only the little russian language or is it an independent language, in connection with this , wishes were expressed that the language would also acquire its own status in the independence of the national culture, so that, in particular , textbooks and official acts would be published in this language the main business of the last years of taras shevchenko’s life was precisely the creation of such teaching aids in 1861. he published his south russian primer for sunday schools, the journal is the basis. it ceased to exist not because of the oppression of censorship, as is commonly believed, but with the termination of its

sponsorship popova valery savelyev typical, ukraine that's all we wanted to talk about. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. see you soon. dear friends, i am pleased to invite you to our next edition of the besogon tv author's program called she will be in the fire of the ford. no, i hope it will be interesting. i look forward to seeing you. i'm not a man, but who is? i breathe in

your head, my love. trouble will come, do not go behind the stone. no , it won't, i'll kill them all. and you play dashing parma, you need someone who will protect.

martial law is being introduced in the donetsk and luhansk people's republics of the zaporozhye kherson region already today in eight more regions bordering ukraine, a medium level of response has been declared, high alert is being introduced in other subjects of the central and southern federal districts of the decree on this was signed by the president and, in addition, gave instructions regarding the conduct of a special operation and support for the mobilized and their families , the texts of all documents were published on the kremlin website and were discussed at a meeting of the security council.