new ways of warfare from drones to dirty bombs story from new york this week was another annual meeting of the international discussion club. valdai always prepare a special report for it. something like a barometer of the world atmosphere. this time around, the name world without superpowers is not what you might think is another vestige of us imperialism. although we, of course, do not like him, the authors substantiate a more general thesis, the time has ended when a small group of the strongest determined the world development a new state of the world many important players. a very extended interpretation of the very concept of force, environment, chaotic, they are ordered and this is for a long time. in general , it is not without this that is alarming, but there is good news, no matter how the world is arranged. further, it

remains interconnected, holistic, albeit conflicting, and integrity will force you to look for new ways to ensure stability instead of the hegemony of the strongest or quickly hectic nervously, but the light at the end of the tunnel has not yet been turned off. the formation of a new system of international relations is always a series of conflicts and very high tension, it manifests itself in different ways, quite recently there have been no experienced sabotage on underwater pipelines. now there is a surge of talk about a dirty bumba moscow is persistently accusing ukraine of preparing provocations that they will try to blame on russia be any,

the more powerful, the better the explosion creates a shock wave, which scatters radioactive material in different directions, the larger it is, the more significant the impact zone is, the effect is very different from the explosion of a nuclear or thermonuclear warhead charge. here, the damaging effect occurs as a result of a chain reaction of decay or, together, the synthesis and decay of atomic nuclei of chemical elements. the process is very fast and is accompanied by the release of a large amount of thermal and radiant energy with a dirty nuclear bomb, such an amount of energy is not released into radioactive nuclear waste. just fly into on different sides, the japanese cities of hiroshima and nagasaki , which were affected by nuclear weapons, were slender. after a few years of large-scale contamination, there was no almost all radioactive materials decomposed as a result of a chain reaction, unlike, for example, the

accident at the chernobyl nuclear power plant, where, on the contrary , there was no nuclear explosion, but radioactive materials as a result of the explosion, the steam scattered for kilometers around and formed. the exclusion zone, while one of the most dangerous, damaging elements becomes its dust contaminated with radiation the radioactive background may not be very high, but once inside the body, it will be fatal to humans. the topic comes up not for the first time. the last surge was about 20 years ago in the wake of the fight against international terrorism . then , on alarm, the fall of radioactive materials into the hands of aggressive radicals is inevitable after september 11th. it didn't seem like an exaggeration. actually, the risk remains even now, but the main source of violence in the world is not bearded islamists, an international politics returned to the historical norm. the

state enters into sharp rivalry and any means go into the entrance. even dirty, but dirty bomb phenomena. and this sounds figurative, but not very clear, let's talk with the sign valentin bilov, a specialist in nuclear technology. valentin what is the background of the concept of a dirty bomb, when did it even arise and , uh, was it ever considered as a full-fledged real weapon? originally a radiological weapon, yes, that is, the more correct term is dirty boomer and of course it was considered as a weapon, but by the military, but it happened approximately immediately after it became clear, let's say, the striking properties of radioactive materials. e, that is, somewhere in the late forties and early fifties, both the usa and the ussr , e, conducted quite a lot of tests, and various means of delivering radioactive

substances. uh, well, meaning about the same tactics, but the use and place in the army, like chemical weapons, that is, but rather, it was not something causing defeat, as such, to the enemy, but something that complicates it life, then there is, uh, let's say. uh, well complicating maneuvers. yes, it’s just uh, forcing you to carry out some additional measures to clean up the decantation of equipment, and clothes and other things , well, well, in general, over time, but this impulse came to naught, because it became clear that uh handling unlike chemical weapons. by the way, dealing with e, radioactive substances.

it's complicated, it's not safe. and, because it has the same danger with a closed container, in fact. but how? and sprayed for the military here and it turned out that in the end, as it were, this whole topic disappeared from uh military equipment, but over time, especially after the terrorist attack of 2001, um, it turned into , uh, rather, the area of ​​terrorism. yes, that is, uh, radiological weapons are now considered, it seems to me, but exclusively as the prerogative of terrorists, uh, that is, uh, people who act not by direct military methods, but through intimidation, and how accessible this product is, who can

manufacture it . um, is this possible for non-state actors or is it it is necessary to participate in state structures, the military refused at one time from radiological weapons, since, and the effects of it were less than a? so to speak, the expenditure of forces for its operation and exactly the same problems will be for terrorists. that is, um, well, or some activists, let's say so. ah, that is, yes, well, to find any radioactive source, in principle, it is possible, moreover, but there is enough. ah, bad times. well, especially in the past. that is, let's say, and at one time sensors were common smoke, yes, with very unpleasant isotopes. eh, and how to contaminate something somewhere with a radioactive substance - this, in principle, is probably not difficult;

the question is what it will lead to, but to nothing, that is. in order to achieve, well, some effect, er more than media headlines and work with special cleaning services. yes, some territory needs a lot, and radioactive substances, but in fact we are talking about the fact that the only such widespread. the source of these substances may be spent nuclear fuel. yes and, so to speak, approaching today's realities, and at the same time, it is still not very accessible to an activist, let's say, but hmm , that is, some smaller sources, but there are, well, more widespread. they are not so protected, for example, while cobalt 60

is actively used in esteiches without freezing sterilization, and gamma flaw detectors, and so on and so forth. well, what's the point of the fact that someone somewhere, risking his life and certainly losing his health, will spray some amount of cobalt, as i said, not will, that is, but, most likely, civilians will not suffer in any way, except for panic, there will be no effects, but well, that is, it just turns out that the quantities that are needed for really, m-th damage, and they are with them it is possible to work only with the presence of some special infrastructure of hot cells, and with the presence, but in fact, access to reactors or reactor pools. and that is, well, this is it,

again. we return to the fact that this is essentially a military task, that is, a task that can carry out the army or the state. well, at the same time, if we switch to the scale of the state or the army, this moment again arises that the efforts expended do not justify the effect, because the army in the state has a lot of other tools for causing damage, but which, when with many times less efforts, it provides many times more than you mentioned the panic and headlines. well, in the modern world, in general, this is almost the main tool, such psychological warfare here turns out to be a radiological effect. quite to yourself justifies such an invisible death. uh, well, like uh, radioactive radiation yes, it is considered, especially very very, but extensively. and so to speak , exploited exactly as e thing is a terrible

unpleasant thing. ah, so to speak, and such a pandora 's box that humanity owns here. well, that is, there is a lot here, er, some kind of mythology and fears, er, which are cultivated in essence and naturally from this point of view, proceeding from this aspect always. i think it was considered, uh, dirty bomb. uh, like a terrorist weapon, because once again the real effect it is very small, but it is the psychological effect. it can be huge here, but another thing is that m-m. well, apparently, it's still a balance. that is, what we have not seen for 30-40 years there is not a single application in essence of this. yes, uh, no one, nerikio, which, as you know, at some point they tried to get

themselves, and radioactive isotopes for terrorist attacks are not some other groups, but shows that, nevertheless, even in this area, which . well, as it were , untwisted even before use. eh, well, no it turns out, apparently, er, so to speak. and if i can put it that way, uh, the investment does not justify the result, that's from the terrorists. again, because uh, purely technically, it’s extremely difficult to work with a sufficient amount of radioactive isotopes, and it’s extremely difficult for civilians without infrastructure, that is, it’s difficult to transport them, especially since and after 2001 there. it seems to me around the world, but there was just an incredible number of detectors. uh, radioactive radiation, which we simply passively do not notice, let's say in moscow

almost all subway entrances are equipped with such detectors. that is, ah, it is difficult to transport. eh, it's difficult to work in general, in principle, it is technically difficult to make a device that will spray something of our radioactive there quite effectively. and even harder to find so to speak. uh, well enough radioactive isotopes. well, in general, this is an extremely difficult task, as i said, of such a national scale. hmm, and apparently it does not justify even the panic that can rise. well, god forbid, thank you was with us valentin gebalov. let's hope that the current commotion around a dirty topic is not a prelude to a problem of this kind, but anxiety prevention will remain educational. there is an understanding that it is quite difficult to assemble a nuclear

device on the knee, terrorism. in principle, all regulations have been worked out. in the sense of how the corresponding forces of the means work. uh, to save people, to decontaminate the territory and the like, and decantomination. here retribution also, for sure the scenario will be repaid worked out. but it is obvious that this will not be the best scenario, so now, as far as one can judge, specific steps are being taken to basically prevent such a development scenario. these days, exactly 60 years ago, the cuban missile crisis was the confrontation between the ussr and the usa in connection with the deployment of nuclear weapons. in cuba, the peak has passed, the parties realized that the risks exceed all conceivable values ​​and stopped, we talked about this in detail a week ago, following the report by yulia vasilchenko from

new york. our government has been closely following the advance of the soviet armed forces in cuba over the past week. we became aware of the arsenal of warheads. on this island of prisoners , the purpose of these bases is to carry out a nuclear attack against the west 60 years ago, us president john f. kennedy's speech on soviet missiles. cuba was like a bolt from the blue 18 minutes of televised address to the nation. this is a summary of 3,000 page drafts of transcripts compiled at the white house about the strategy of the ussr and in the future. reply to america and prepare seriously and to the third world and to the nuclear threat. after all, everyone then understood the world on the verge of disaster. here is the oval office and the president's chair. visitors to our exhibition dedicated to the sixtieth anniversary of the cuban crisis can sit in the president's chair and imagine themselves in kennedy

's shoes . the population of the united states reacted to everything that was happening. 16-year-old high school students donated to our museum the magazine she made from newspaper clippings after listening to kennedy's speech her life, like the lives of other schoolchildren, immediately changed suddenly carefree teenagers began to think about the future in schools distributed information flyers leaflets about what to do in the event of a nuclear explosion recommended. for example, to climb under the table, as in an earthquake, if the ceiling collapses, the current teenagers , of course, do not remember what happened 60 years ago. although they heard that it seems like now in the world there is no restless war afraid, but i don’t know, i’m actually not afraid, i don’t know, i’m not afraid, everything is fine. say, no.

well, maybe sometimes it's scary, but we must hope for the best. nuclear war sounds scary, but i feel fine, at the moment, i don't feel any threat. now, perhaps, people need to think more about this older, who are brought up by those who are just starting to live. dina wants to raise her son in a calm world, it's not scary. i don't want anything bad to happen to my family. we just want to enjoy life, she so short. i believe that the us is in a more advantageous position compared to other countries. although i'm scared, but not like it was in the sixties. now. i think the technology is much better to repel an attack, however, according to public opinion, the majority of the us population fears a nuclear threat, despite the fact that similar surges of concern have been observed before, for example, after the september 11, 2001 attacks or in 2017 during the conflict between the leader of the dprk kim jong

il and former us president donald trump some american experts believe that now is the most tense moment in society. mood since the second world war yulia vasilchenko , especially for the program international review from the usa if they want to define the main word 22 years, a strong contender will be a drone ukraine, as defense minister alexei reznikov elegantly put it the other day, has turned into a training ground, modern military equipment. they show a lot of interesting things, but the maximum marketing attention is focused on drones. first the drone showed back in 1899 the engineer and inventor nikola tesla it was a miniature, radio-controlled ship; the second such device was the so-called flying bomb of the american charles catering

; years of the xx century, the british. they made a radio-controlled target aircraft, and the germans went even further. firstly, they created a radio-controlled minesweeper and a special tankette, a burvard for undermining. the pillboxes were even a floating version of the machine , they were going to use it during the assault on stalingrad, but they didn’t have time. in addition to the fo2 ballistic missile , a v-1 with a pulsating jet engine was created, a prototype of modern ones. from rockets, the flying projectile was controlled by an autopilot, but the british air force quickly found its weakness. a fighter, a spitfire caught up with a cruise missile, and then it was enough to pry it with a wing and turn over the navigation system was lost and the device

fell in the soviet union, experiments were carried out on creation of telemechanical aircraft. tb-1, the idea of ​​​​using obsolete, scribbled aircraft as a bomb, fascinated tukhachevsky, they could be controlled by radio from the earth or from another aircraft, and only by the 21st century. with the development of electronics , drones began to be massively used in 2001 , the mq-9 ripper appeared in the us army. or is it not a symbol of death with its help, the leaders of the al-qaeda of the islamic state were destroyed more than once, and in january 2020 , the general of the iranian islamic revolutionary guard corps, qasem soleimani, was killed by development unmanned aircraft went to the israeli aviation industry. after it abandoned the development of its fighter project to broadcast, by the way, iran is experiencing difficulties due to sanctions , too, and has also concentrated on the development of drones. turkey also produces modern drones. what brands

like beyraktar shahid geran are on everyone's lips? well , the market is the market, but in essence, are drones our guests miraculously andrey frolov researcher at the center for comprehensive european and international studies of the higher school of economics andrey hello, greetings but. uh, perhaps nothing is more fashionable in conversations about the war such philistine than a drone, so there is no drone now, but from the point of view of military affairs - this is really some kind of revolutionary change or a little teased. well, i wouldn't say revolutionary, but it's probably qualitative, a kind of new dimension. yes, though again. yes, the unmanned aerial vehicle itself has been used in combat operations since the time of the military vietnam and even then it was. it is clear that they has its own niche has become. it is clear, again, ah, weaknesses and strengths of this type of weapon, and

now, again, at the expense of, in principle, the general. and hmm, the cheapening of technologies, on the one hand, on the other hand, their distribution, in principle, including in some commercial version, has led to the fact that they are drones in absolutely different types in different categories in different overall masks and some characteristics. they actually do penetrate. uh, almost to the level of a platoon there, yes, or even a squad, but, probably, to say that they somehow turned it over, uh, at least the military operations and this is the same hmm factor, for example, military operations or military operations, as was a tank, say, or a machine gun or a nuclear weapon? i probably still wouldn't . are there multiple countries? now in plain sight, uh, whose trademark is a drone. ah, how fierce competition is in the world and, uh, are there any qualitative differences between different or in general, everything is about the same

, too, a very similar question, probably a multifaceted one, but it lies in the fact that m-m drones, like me. that's what he said too. they, uh, can be assigned to different categories, and uh, depending on the category, on the type of unmanned aerial vehicle. we can talk about one or another level or degree of competition in the world market, that is, there is a certain high-tech that is being produced at the moment. u usa well, probably in what sense of china. and these are heavy unmanned aerial vehicles of the mass, there are several tens of tons, which are priced like an aircraft that require the corresponding infrastructure, but i have a global hog there, for example, ah, and there are few such machines on the market and there are few of them, firstly, who buys, because not everyone needs them and few who sell, because it is connected with including with restrictions on the technology expo. but there are devices, that is, there. on the other

side of this line, uh, commercial copters, which are sold, in principle, probably, on aliexpress or in online stores, which, in principle, can be equipped there with some kind of grenades, yes, and how we see now uh, a lot of videos from such here are civilian copters that are simply being converted for some kind of combat missions. it is clear that here the competition on the one hand is great on the other hand. there are giants in this market. and of course, here, oddly enough, perhaps, hmm, the best and most commercial drone, which was now in their operations, in principle, chinese devices are involved in the world. and there is a niche, which between commercial copters and between heavy vehicles is definitely very competitive here. eh, these are devices, let's say average, of some average category and here the potential buyer, of course, has a very large choice, starting from the united states, but they have a number of restrictions and

ending with a very large selection of devices that are produced by china e again. yes, now we see the formation. uh, such a new, unmanned power, just like as a player in the arms market of this iran well, of course here, turkey yes, which is also an interesting phenomenon, uh, two companies that produce unmanned aerial vehicles for them. that is, in principle, line that they hmm offer to customers. it is not very big, but very much in demand and therefore here again. yes if we further narrow down our analysis of some kind, then we will see that this is it. for specific types for a specific type, some e even have market bestsellers, maybe even no competitors, that is, they occupy their niche so successfully that so far no one can throw them off this pedestal. this fantastic marketing success would be iraqtara. this is a cross section of

circumstances, good pr or really they differ in quality. well, from the point of view of technology, some iraqi would not represent anything so supernatural, that is, it is a kind of iphone that is assembled from some products available on the market, moreover, they are all of them even turkish-made and when turkey had problems with the west, just one of the victims of this cold snap was the baikarmakin company, because turkey blocked the supply of a number of components of austrian engines or canadian electronic optics systems. them. i had to deal with import substitution already in some kind of turkish version, but again, yes, like the iphone, in principle, everything that the iphone has, and everything is known and was on the market, but at the expense of genius. uh, in this case, uh, the management of this company is baikarmakin plus support at the

state level. we got this result and plus, uh, of course, of course, hmm, their device would have been raktar tb-2, it turned out to be from the point of view of promotion in terms of advertising at the right time in the right place and taking into account those resources informational and media, which, uh, supported entry into the market. we saw such an undeniably phenomenal result, that is, the appearance of this apparatus in libya when it did not have any serious opponents. then he smoothly moved to syria, where he also had to face not the most advanced enemy, plus very skillful advertising. and even the leading western ones. uh, the media it has led to the fact that, of course, the uh device is in great demand on the market. and in principle, he is good, that is, you cannot somehow blaspheme him. ah, but there's nothing in it. there is no outstanding and, in fact, a special military operation. this was confirmed when meeting with a more or less serious air defense leader. in the world of

bayraktar, they are practically all that were in ukraine. they were in the first few weeks of hostilities, even taking into account new supplies. they were all knocked out. and how are we doing with this type of weapon, and if it is possible to estimate the place of dispersion in the world market? well, i think that the issue of the development of sterile aviation in russia is one of the most painful. hmm, in that list of problems, who are facing the russian armed forces , moreover, as often happens here, there is no single evil will that would lead to such a result, and in part - this is the legacy of the mentality. and the soviet army although in the soviet armed forces ethereal aircraft were, and as far as is known, in general, such a catalyst for the development of unmanned aircraft in our country was precisely the fighting in the

middle east when israel massively and very effectively used these devices with fairly modern air defense of syria in the moment that was in the early seventies. but the well-known events of the ninety-first year of not funding and completely different priorities that faced the command of both the ground forces and the then air force led to the fact that drones. they somehow always were on the sidelines, plus it's all uh, rested on the lack of necessary components in russia, uh, for the sake of electronic ones, and the required quality needed the necessary masks of overall characteristics. most importantly - she is a problem that is still not out of this absence. uh type or range of engines that would allowed our own production, which would allow us to saturate the entire line of free aircraft we need by and large. eh, the situation. now, in what sense, it has become better than it was, say, 10 years ago, and

again. i even had to resort to foreign experience, in particular, and israeli devices and a license for them were purchased. production, but so far we do not have enough devices of the entire line, and most importantly, we do not have enough of them, plus there are another problem of a branch from the main one is the absence again. uh, in mass production or in sufficient quantities in mass production of aviation weapons specifically for unmanned aerial vehicles, if we are talking about strike systems, if we are talking about reconnaissance, then again, yes, we are faced with the problem of the electronics industry , because uh, there are uh, a number of restrictions on the installation of electronic components. first of all survey stations on devices. these are again questions of connection, because that hmm the most perfect and uh, large western,

for example, devices. they use satellite communications due to this they have a large range. we have here for now. it is known that there are no such mass-produced machines, and so on. yes, that is, we can probably say that in some areas russian uh producers. they are still closing a niche, despite a number of difficulties there, but in general, probably, our level does not reach the level of the leading drones, so to speak, the powers that is, which, i mean, this is the usa china israel iran well, even, probably, in a sense, turkey, if you look ahead. can we foresee any qualitative improvements in this technique in the future? i think that the main direction of development of unmanned aircraft. it will be associated again with such a buzzword artificial intelligence. uh-huh, that is, the meaning of this, probably, the revolution yes, in the

unmanned business will be that, firstly, the device without human participation will make a decision on its own for some first moment, and the second moment it will be able to use the swarm of devices again without human intervention. they distribute roles among themselves, and they will bypass air defense, they will choose the highest priority targets, and so on, as soon as the required level of technology. that's why the direction will be reached. i think that just we will see a slightly different picture of the battlefield, but again it is obvious that these machines with artificial intelligence, but can produce a very limited number of countries, because after all it is really high-tech, and on the knee from some store components and assemble. well, here arises, generally speaking, the ethical moments of the machine, which decides who to kill it, well, as it were, a new stage is obtained. of course, moreover,

i will say that there is already in turkey. uh, a free aircraft that is autonomous in making decisions and it is precisely combat. hmm, and that's just the moral and ethical moment associated with the fact that when we involuntarily recall the film terminator yes rise of the machines. yes, he’s already here, he’s already, in principle, now there is, and as i understand it, it’s like here with the cloning of animals and humans here rather, that's even at the moment with the current level of technology. this is more of just a self-limitation than a technological limitation, because as i understand it, no one knows for sure that he can shoot at you in the end. yes, thank you very much . andrey frolov was with us, we can help you find a job that will become part of your life for you. finding a lot of work, it always requires emotional strength, and here it is important to support a person in this situation. it seems to me that the

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authorities have been renewed in several important countries this week georgia miloni, the first in italian history, a female prime minister headed a right-wing government , almost ruined everything, silvio berlusconi boasted that putin sent him 20 bottles of vodka for his birthday, and he moved away with a lambruy, there was a fuss, but the next prime minister was scolded by great britain, the leapfrog of bosses and bosses whips one, the other plunged the oldest conservative party into chaos and made the respectable and handsome rishi sunanok fear for the future of the country; they pin hopes that he will return life to normal course. for 42 years, both of his grandfathers were pijabis by origin, but at the beginning of the 20th century they emigrated to other british colonies. parents were born and raised in east africa, most likely, the family, the

sunok belongs to an influential caste to the tent. for a long time she was engaged in trade in military affairs and government administration from this caste , for example, the bollywood family of hoods and the ex-premier come from. monmahan singh of india. rishe sonok himself professes hinduism. he graduated from oxford and studied philosophy, politics and economics at stanford. received a master's degree in business administration. after university, he worked in the private sector, founded his own investment company with a turnover of $ 1 billion, was an analyst at a bank. goldman sachs, headed the catamaran company, a venture of indian billionaire narayan murthy, and then married his daughter akshata. today, the family's fortune is estimated at about $ 800 million, the washington post newspaper ironically noted that sunakh became the first prime minister who is richer than the king of great britain.

moreover, he is the youngest in the last 200 years. political career began in 2014 for 5 years. he went from an ordinary member of parliament to the chancellor of the exchequer, he was considered johnson's successor, but after the scandals that boris provoked, he began to seek his resignation in april , another unpleasant news was revealed, being the chancellor of the exchequer of great britain, he was the owner of an american green card, which allows the owner to live permanently and work the us sunk far, not the first indians behind british politics in 1892. the first was before dubhai ugliness. true to his opponent in the election. he beat vera by just a few votes with a win. but on the avesta, baron lionel rothschild created precedents for non-christian deputies, and a young

student from bombay, mohammed alijina, the future founder of pakistan, sunok, a practicing hindu, knows how to get rid of the fuss and see the essence. this is now valuable, the no-leibarists are demanding early elections. tory allegedly lost their legitimacy inside party reshuffles cannot resolve the issue of power; conservatives in their right to formally dissolve parliament, are not obliged to elect happiness, and indeed in israel, for example, on tuesday, the fifth general vote in less than 4 years. the result does not change, but the cabinets are like gloves. well, what about democracy, as the georgian politician and thief in law aptly noted, toads and donkeys, this is not for you to eat lobio. the power was renewed and in china, the 20th congress of the communist party of china, which ended, handed over to xi

jinping the mandate of general secretary for another 5 years. in the spring, he will officially become the chairman of the prc, having overcome the restrictions that have been in force so far, two terms in the highest state post. re-election si. everyone was waiting for no surprises, the candidacy of the future prime minister of the state council, that is, the head of government, became a surprise. this is the second face of the party and the state the result surprised surprised most observers. ah , letyan became the new second person in the party, and the former secretary of the shanghai party committee is a man who had not worked in beijing before and worked in the center, although he certainly has an outstanding experience in managing economically developed regions. deltanzi, including shanghai a and now many say that this is more of a choice. in the direction of loyalty rather than economic efficiency, that

is, letyan is certainly a controlled person - this is a person with a depin, but now there is a question of whom in terms of socio-economic competence and competence in the socio-economic sphere. it doesn't mean he doesn't have them. well, just until we make sure he has them. well, if we analyze the composition itself from the seven people who entered the ccp standing literature committee, then, er, the simplest conclusion. the fact that these are all sitting people, and in the previous compositions of the standing committee there was somehow some place for a compromise, yes, that is, there were people, let’s say, not personalities connected with denpin, neither his client nor his protégé, although it’s not even necessary to say that this was necessarily the position of the opposition in china quite a long time ago, it was cleared. well, in one way or another, these were people connected with other factional groups, in general, the most attention, attracted the composition of the permanent komi hurts , these seven people are taken to the transcendental airpack of the

middle kingdom. in the next 5 years, the politburo standing committee, together with the general secretary of the party xi jinping, will determine the direction of the country's development. the composition is always of interest . even the order in which politicians come out and what place they occupy relative to the secretary general is important. this defines the top management hierarchy. the cpc was the first to enter the stage after xi jinping, the secretary of the hai city party committee. this means that in march next year. he is most likely to become the new prime minister of the state council. this is china's highest position since chairman lixiang, 63 years old, in the party. he devoted almost a quarter of a century, worked for a long time in various positions in the east of the country, and this spring summer, supervised shanghai's implementation of strict covid restrictions in

accordance with the practice of zero tolerance for coronavirus probably. the third person is the state. stanet jallidze, secretary of the ccp central commission for discipline inspection, irreconcilable fighter corruption, wang huning, head of the central committee secretariat, appears on the scene behind him, the main ideologue of the communist party, he is credited with authoring most of the concepts, including the chinese dream of an anti-corruption company, as well as one belt one way for long faithful service to three chinese leaders emperors, head of the beijing city committee. queen's pda. he joined the party at the age of 20 and has since gone from being an employee of the port committee office of the university of damar. beijing is one of its main achievements. in this position, the successful holding of the olympic games, ding, the head of the office of the central committee, is considered one of the closest political associates of

xi jinping. he accompanies the general secretary of the party on almost every trip he makes. the last top echelon of power in china was lisi head of the party committee of guangdong province. then the current composition, of course completely loyal. today, pins in this sense can talk about strengthening. and actually sitting on in strengthening his position on the consolidation in his hands of all the levers of power. uh, and we'll probably see it already. and how will it be converted into political decisions? accordingly, we can expect that the new leadership of the communist party will be even more controlled, even more secentric and even more loyal, and this

should lead us to think that this configuration of power is more is aimed at responding to geopolitical threats to e, to those challenges. which china which china has faced is both the us pressure and the taiwan issue and the ongoing coronavirus. it’s more likely that the new configuration of power is not sharpened for these tasks rather than for, but it’s just that there was an increase in the rate of gdp that was, well, in general, the nineties of the zero years. and this is probably the main conclusion that we can draw from the result. in general, the steering wheel is in surprisingly strong hands, and the course to eat was determined by the person in the center of attention the activities of the chinese communist party should be directed to the individual. in addition, specific centuries were designated, the year 2035 was named, when it will be necessary to sum up certain

intermediate results, along the path of moving towards building a developed socialist society. it is planned, let me remind you, for 2049, the year of the centenary of the prc, this is the so-called second centenary goal, and given that during the coronavirus pandemic, the communist party of china may indeed be faced with. might go somewhere reducing e to reduce gdp rates for the sake of a certain social stability, for the sake of people's health, for the sake of people's lives, these are all these ideas. they were embodied in the rhetoric of the congress sounds a little, archaic. we have already forgotten how we had everything in the cpsu program in the name of man, everything for the good of man. everywhere your style, the next 5 years. china will make every effort to continue the economic policy that has been very successful so far on the one hand. this is overcoming inequality. expansion of the consumer market and improvement of market mechanisms on the other

continuing the policy of opening up and attracting foreign investment, but also expanding investment capital around the world through the belt and road initiative and other extremely important peace and stability. semestno, and we will try to promote them. now it's easier than doing. patrick chapat now lives in switzerland . the slandered figure is called the chinese gardener. people holding posters for democracy and human rights. interesting work by a frenchman pia a woman who looks like the head of the european commission ursula fund chooses a gift for the third term of xi

jinping irishman daniel now lives in portugal drawing is called chinese fight with a band analogy to korean youth music groups and a quote from the famous song roll. what does better times mean, let it go on british magazine economist, and competition in asia on the left is xi jinping's thoughts, and on the right is what the indian leader in retro fashion thinks about this. the most important issue of the next term c taiwanese american intelligence is slandered that before the year 27 beijing will try to solve the issue of reunification with the acute world must understand one thing for china

the return of taiwan has incomparable significance, therefore, when one of the external players interferes question, believing this causes genuine indignation. no one better meet. china will decide this issue on its own. when the americans start to inflate the topic of a chinese invasion of taiwan, this is nonsense. so it will not be the chinese should not fight the chinese, the priority is always one peaceful reunification by agreement. yes, it takes time, but there is no deadline, of course, the sooner the better, but china reserves the right to use force if the red lines are crossed, and they are indicated in the law, and opposition to the split of the state.

describes a rather gloomy reality, but ends with a soothing edification of the main it is not military forces that should play a role in the world. even if the general military-political tension increases during the transitional period, military conflicts are not a sign of building a new order, but a product of the dysfunction of what has existed so far. and although the correction of distortions in world development, as we see, can lead to the use of military force, as such, it is not and should not be a decisive factor. in the future, we will try not to forget about it. it was an international review. see you. symptoms of prostate adenoma

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is russia strong war and pestilence and rebellion and external storms the pressure of her spring? russia cannot be understood with the mind with a common yardstick. she has a special place in russia , you can only believe. yes, they are russian characters it seems that a person is simple, but a severe misfortune will come in big or small, and great strength, human beauty rises in him. the highest and sharpest characteristic feature of our people is a sense of

justice and a thirst for it. without a sense of their country as special, very dear and sweet. in every little thing there is no real human character. this feeling is disinterested and fills us with great interest in everything. spiritual life in russia is more noble i am poisoned by russia i miss it only russia thinks.

the entire system needs to be modernized.

military commissariats. this work, as you know, is directly related to interaction with regional authorities in russia. what conclusions are there? who is at the training grounds, and who is already at the forefront ? i observe the enemy’s manpower, the number of twenty people and five pieces of equipment, we are working on serious losses of the kiev army during unsuccessful offensive attempts. more details about the situation at the front. why is the west deliberately hushing up the danger of a dirty bomb that ukraine creates the answer of the deputy, the aftermath of russia to the un in our europe had russian gas on the air, now it will also be, but through turkey and deliveries in general , erdogan told the development of the republic and mentioned only putin why