and often she simply contradicts. ukrainian propaganda is total, it tries not to leave room for a different interpretation of events, except for the officially approved one, this was taken care of by petro poroshenko , who in 2014 massively turned off all russian channels in ukraine, and not only informational ones, but even children’s carousels of male hunting, fishing and a number of sports, including channel about hockey zelensky went. then he banned the broadcasting of all ukrainian opposition tv channels, and with the start of a special military operation, his administration. left everything one information channel, on which the editorial policy is determined from zelensky’s office, there is a round-the-clock tv marathon on the topic of the war with insidious russia, like this, the cowardly nature of ukrainian propaganda, however, like an inert gas. seeks to fill all the space

it can get into, but for absolute efficiency. this is not enough for the correct influence of the minds, and carefully verified terminology is also necessary. they began to use the right words in the ukrainian media back in 2015 under poroshenko, if earlier the inhabitants of donbass were called separatists. that is, those who want to secede or receive a special status for their territory, then over time they switched to the terms pro-russian mercenaries and militants, accomplices of the invaders and terrorists logic. it’s understandable after all, if people in the donbass achieve the same thing as the inhabitants of, for example, catalonia, then why lugansk and donetsk are not bombing borcelona, ​​and the conflict by the separatists is a civil war, and in kiev, since the age of 14, they have been talking about repelling russian aggression. ukrainian propaganda began to reach its peak already in the time of zelensky with his advice

national security and defense of ukraine in 2021 released a special glossary of terms. so, for example, it is impossible to say the reunification of the crimea of ​​russia, only the temporary occupation of the crimea, russia has not had any aggression since the fourteenth year. kiev against the inhabitants of donbass is only a reflection of russian aggression against ukraine and the funniest thing. in this dictionary. there is no crimean bridge. it should be called illegally, the built bridge between the temporarily occupied crimea and russia across the kerch strait is difficult as long as the bridge itself but ukrainian ideological is true. since 2014, ukrainian propaganda has been doing everything to humiliate those who until recently were considered their fellow citizens in the media circulation, the words quilted jackets and their derivative cotton wool, colorados and all pairs of lugandons have entered, and recently

even more amazing and in what ways have appeared in ukraine - even naive propaganda moves turned in and received almost a scientific justification for the term rashism, and the very word of russia began to be written everywhere, even in official documents only in small letters. and how the ukrainian propaganda machine works in the plot of anna efimova death of muscovites glory to ukraine is just one of the many actions of ukrainian radicals under the guns of video cameras. they traditionally arrange mass processions with fireworks in the center of kiev on the occasion of the next anniversary of the creation fell again, while no nazism. in ukraine, allegedly not, but chants with calls to kill russians , they say, the fate of the mountainous outcasts, and everything would be fine if they didn’t get into the network, for example, in such video muscovites propose to raise knives right

during the drill of one of the units of the armed forces. oh what a remarkable thing this is happening long before the start of the special military operation, the video is dated june 2021, however. all these years, kiev propaganda has been consistently accusing moscow of substituting concepts, inspiring the domestic consumer with all the problems of ukraine, this is the result of russian aggression with the driven patriots shouting their slogan glory to ukraine on the air, which seems to be nothing radical. and as a rule, following him the phrase of the chants, glory to the nation, death to enemies, ukrainian television people usually omit russian propagandists call it nazi, although the temporary cooperation of ukrainian nationalists with the germans had only one goal of gaining independence. after the so-called revolution, the dignity of the ability of critical thinking of ukrainians began to gradually erode yes. and where does an alternative opinion come from, if the kiev authorities deliberately severed ties with

russia on two initiatives between our countries. first, direct flights were stopped, and then the railway passenger traffic actually stopped, the border is closed precisely so that, uh, there is no personal critical perception, and so that the picture that propaganda feeds you is not uh very different from your personal perception, again. the soviet experience of the life of ordinary people abroad was familiar from one or two central television programs, however, until february 2022, some kind of parody of the pluralism of opinions in ukraine , at the very least, there was a systematic persecution of journalists and activists, the closure of media resources objectionable to the authorities, and even high-profile contract killings, let us recall that even if oles buzina were presented to the public as an inevitable cost

of democracy, however, after martial law was introduced in the country, zelensky received from the verkhovna rada full carte blanche for information the monopoly of independent television broadcasting was turned off instead. now the unified national tv marathon. and we do this for you to a million audience. uh, almost all wired national the channel broadcasts a seimarathon in such thickets, moreover, the independent internet and telegram channels fell under the hood of whom can it come up? uh, any policeman or not even a policeman, but just the so -called patriot activist, pick him up from the phone , starts checking which telegram channels you are subscribed to. what sites you look at, look at the history of your sites. and if he sees some russian telegram channel there, that's all, you immediately have white handbrakes and in the sbu a coincidence or not, but it was when the first orange

maidan in 2004, very, scandalous methods of work of centers of information and psychological operations were introduced into the army structure of ukraine . after the second maidan, the centers of psychological operations came under the jurisdiction of the special operations forces of the armed forces of ukraine. the work was built according to the algorithms indicated in the prepared training manual called information operations, many terms in it are duplicated in english. a separate chapter in this manual is devoted to russia. if, uh, the fourth year he divided political ukraine along the dnieper, conditionally speaking to the southeast, the center of the west, then the fourteenth year finally and irrevocably divided both the people and the question. as if with a different identity, let's say people. uh, well, no matter how it was on the agenda, that they have rights and that they are, as it were, equal in rights in ukraine, that’s what’s the matter, it’s noteworthy that it was

after february 24, 2022, that is, after the start special military operation, the activity of telephone scammers and terrorists and the southern dialect sharply declined, and then the russians began to contact. in fact, delensky. you are already accomplices of all these crimes of murder and torture, ukrainians, because you were silent, moreover, the scandalous russian journalist alexander nevzorov, who advertises himself as almost the main opponent of the kremlin , received ukrainian citizenship by zelensky’s decree. russians constantly flickered in the programs of ukrainian bloggers in turn. the head of state gave interviews to representatives of the opposition russian media. marina ovsyannikova or inna agent dmitry bykov visited ukraine, which is friendly to them, without any problems at all. therefore, unexpectedly for all

russians loyal to the kiev regime, vladimir zelensky called on the european union to stop issuing visas to all citizens of russia without exception . mostly about putin's rashists. or evil donbas seppers. it spread to almost all the inhabitants of the country, among whom many are connected with ukraine by blood ties, in many respects this was facilitated by the elites of the southeast. especially those who are part of the elite, who left donetsk, who built a business there, who formed the information agenda. they took sometimes even a tougher story than people who did not come from the east of ukraine, the high effectiveness of the current ukrainian propaganda is confirmed by the data of the kiev international institute of sociology, the vast majority of ukrainians 88% who do not want to critically assess the real situation in a ten-year perspective see ukraine as a prosperous country. as part of the european union , this is amazing after the depressing experience with

brussels in the aftermath of the maidan and years filled with deceptions, humiliating gifts and unrealizable promises. faith. the bright future is so unshakable. and the figures are so absolute that sociologists are forced to justify themselves saying that there has not been a census for a long time. yes, and many people left soon after the outbreak of hostilities. actually. this indicates only one complete absence of an alternative point of view within the borders of modern ukraine anna efimova valery savelyev anastasia popova typical ukraine what picture of the world and russia has been painted for ukrainians lately and what is specific about ukrainian propaganda, we will talk about it today with our expert historian and political scientist alexander vasiliev. sasha good afternoon. hello today, we can say with confidence that russophobia has become such a official ukrainian ideology. can this be

attributed only to military propaganda or did it exist? ira used to be everything. uh, it was actively exaggerated, uh, and even existed, and in the ukrainian space, uh, even before the fourteenth year, there were events related to the maidan crimea and the war in donbass, yes, that is, it was all simple, and at that moment this one here a set of some such paradigms is already sofov's. maybe he really was somewhere on the periphery of the ukrainian political spectrum and then he was in demand and shifted to the center, but again, nothing new has been added in this respect. and when we are talking about the image of russia, which is rather skillfully. i would say that these ukrainian propagandists and ideologists formed and continue to form, they, of course, started with such negative stereotypes that are widespread among the people, and such stereotypes are especially bright, and also of the soviet period. yes, when we existed, but in different parts of the soviet union and in different republics, but different so

-called levels of supply. here and uh, hungry labadnaya, russia, yes, yes. and here, for example, really russian is not chernozem. give it to the soviet era, they wrote that here is a village. she is dying. it somehow needs to be raised, and in ukraine , it seems, like, on the black soil, so to speak, everything, and everything was earing and people really do. they could compare that here, hmm, it’s like a hinterland for such ukrainian agrarian thinking. this is one of the important factors. here is how the village lives against this negative background. and it was very convenient to explain that this is, as it were, not such a non-specificity of the economy, for example. on the soviet yes, what is it here is a russian, which means they are lazy drunkards there, and so on and so on and so on, of course, there are a lot, there are shortcomings, uh, and minuses, but nevertheless, and past the ukrainian consciousness. it passed in general, yes, just past, but, that is, those positive changes that have taken place in russia over the past two decades, and they have been carefully outlined, well, sorted and hidden, this is

the foundation, and on which the following began to layer following, but negative. mm, to say such parcels, well, an amazing detail in ukrainian propaganda. very often uh, appeal uh to the fantasy world of the british writer tolkien. e, they say, uh, the russians are taorka, and russia is a muzzle. eh , what are they doing? eh, those who create these myths are fans of the brotherhood of the ring, uh, some uh, descendants of hobbits, but here uh, so i said, yes , some new meanings have become superimposed. that's really. if you try to find something completely new, then, of course, this is this political tolkinism. ah, well, there are many factors at once. it's such an interesting phenomenon because it 's become just such a mainstream. that's about it. uh from ukrainian politicians. again, but to the question of when president poroshenko appeared back in the sixteenth year, he had a quote such as what it means, novorossia. this is not an existing country,

like tolkien's mordor, then it starts to use everything and now i'm to blame for each other, who will i return through, what does this indicate? well, firstly, of course, this is such an appeal, uh, to a certain, but universal, but cultural norm, which will be understandably enjoyed by hollywood all over the world. well, finally. here's the last one probably, the thesis is this, and tolkienism is what you understand objectively, and the people who live in kiev and moscow are so similar to each other and you are in terms of, as it were, one language in fact, yes, and so further and so on. this is something that is constantly being talked about, as if our president is constantly talking about it. yes, that here we are one people in fact, that is, people are so similar, that in order to force uh, especially, i'm talking about people in the donbass because they were the first to be called orcs, there and so on etc. yes, that's for in order to make a typical average, and to kill a ukrainian to shoot these people, how would the

image need to be so degunned. yes, that is, after all, much, uh, there, when they fight there, i don’t know with the germans, the french, yes, there, otherwise these are people in a different language with completely different cultural, so to speak, some kind of stereotypes and it was psychologically easier for both sides to overcome. and here is this image, which should cause both hatred and disgust. yes , here is the connection, here is the image of the orc, the connection of hatred with disgust. it was extremely important in order to unwind this one, but the flywheel of war. here they have achieved this, uh, residents of the zaporozhye and kherson regions, who have now become uh russians, uh, russian ukrainians. er, they've been in this picture of the world for many years. e, piece, what will happen in their minds now, when they became part of russia and how can they be helped? how to deal with these stereotypes? well, you know,

of course, the role of the mass media is important , there is a culture of education and so on, but of course, the primary tasks, uh, lie with those who are directly responsible for the direct imposition of peaceful life and the normal functioning of the economy on the social sphere, but because no words are so capable, convincingly, on the contrary, to dissuade the creation of stereotypes or destroy them, as real deeds are that a person sees around him. yes, that is, if a he sees. and this is what i saw with my own eyes. there, somewhere in the steppe between berdyansk and melitoplenka, new roads are being built there in excellent quality. a. well, of course. this is in no way associated with ideas about the beggar there god, and the backward decaying, but russia , yes, but on the other hand. uh, those, well, understandable problems that the fighting has brought to this area. yes, and then again, then, how our security forces in this sense, the military

will now relate to the civilian population. this also depends very much on the perception of russia as a whole. well, the main thing is that people should just live, but see with their own eyes. uh, how does russia live, what is it, what did it come with? and what the people who represent it look like in reality, and this, first of all, should, but give its positive result. and if everything is done in this regard, since there are no problems in the integration of psychological problems and how quickly this can happen, there may be some kind of positive. uh, well in these how far can you find it? yes, what more people will see, including crimea , for example, which was the first to pass this way of returning from ukraine to russia, and there people will see the ida highway and the same bridge, which in vain is being hit not so much as a logistical object, but as a symbolic object? yes , everything very much depends on how those officials who are responsible for the settlement

of refugees, how they will be, and the performers, er, flawlessly, these tasks of the leadership. yes , they have been done so much to facilitate and accelerate the integration of these people and these regions of russian society. sasha thank you very much for a detailed interesting story. each city has its own history, this one is not the most original. but the second such name on the map is difficult to find there is in the lugansk region, the city of happiness, many in russia learned about it. when in 2014 the city became frontline on the highway, happiness, lugansk, our colleagues, vgtrk correspondent igor kornelyuk and a sound engineer died in the summer of that year. anton voloshin , militants of the nationalist battalion conducted aimed fire at the group. aidar, their headquarters was in happiness in the fall of 2014. there were fierce battles here, happiness

lies just 20 km from lugansk and is located. here, the power plant supplied energy to most of the republic militants. aydar mined thermal power plant and threatened to blow it up in the event of an offensive by the people's militia of the lc. the ukrainian authorities carried out their threat in february of this year, during the retreat, they blew up part of the capacities of tess, leaving more than a million people without light and heat about how the city was saved from death, how its inhabitants imagined happiness. and why is he finally called so in the story of olga mokhova what is happiness, as the classic of soviet literature arkady gaidar wrote, everyone understands in their own way the inhabitants of the city in the donbass , who in 2014 literally turned out to be in the line of fire in their view, happiness,

almost unanimous of themselves, so that there would be no war normally even until old age, peace, of course, peace. everything else, as they say, will follow and eventually settle down and everything will be peaceful. happiness was not fired, so that the work was happiness is needed in the first place. it needs peace, and everything else will come in 2022, they run here to spend the winter, and in the middle of the 18th century to uninhabited territories. along the banks of the seversky donets, they sought in search of freedom for many years the river served as a natural border between the russian empire and the lands of the wild field. fugitive serfs who fled from the center of russia to the south , they crossed the seversky donets and felt free, independent from serfdom and happy, that's supposed to be. that it was from this that the name of the village of happiness was born, there is another

version of the origin of the unusual name according to the legend catherine ii. during a trip to the crimea , from the views of local fish here and admiring the beauty of the coast. donza exclaimed. which happiness to live here? well, in fact, the short-lived free life of runaway peasants ended already in 1776. the empress gave the local land the creek to the commissioner of the taganrog customs grigory kavallinsky, and he founded a settlement here called mummers. sloboda this means that initially? local residents were exempted from paying mandatory state taxes, but after a while freedom ended and it became an ordinary, landowner village grigory ivanovich kovalensky became the first local landowner and this village was also called after him kavallinka, perhaps by fishery gardening. honor further, but in the 20th century, history changed dramatically in 1952.

construction began here and entered the city state district power station later. it was called the luhansk tpp was built. what is called by the whole union transformers because of zaporozhye turbines from leningrad boiler equipment from taganrog station, for a long time. it was just during the fifties and sixties that it was one of the most powerful in the entire soviet union. secondly, uh it was built with uh large-scale use of reinforced concrete structures, so that it was for the soviet industry, and at that time a fairly new thing, when in 1958 it was put into operation, the first stage. a delegation from america arrived in happiness, an unprecedented opportunity to learn from experience, by that time the village had grown for power engineers and builders, they built solid houses, the first streets appeared in the sixty- third happiness, received the status of a city, and the next year they launched the second phase of the test with a capacity of 2.300. mw at that time, the station

became europe's largest electricity from happiness fed other cities of the ukrainian ussr before the currents, it was also delivered to the voronezh belgorod and rostov regions of the rsfsr, the station was for those times. uh, unique even and by whom that she worked constantly continuously burned in her. uh, the fuel was burning in all the boilers. well, its generators were arranged in such a way that they could be quickly turned on and off, and therefore the station was used to pass peak loads in the network from advanced to ordinary. its power has been reduced. the equipment fell into disrepair at the beginning of the 2000s after the privatization by the oligarch rinat akhmetov, the thermal power plant produced electricity three times less than its former volumes in the spring of 2014. happiness, along with an important object of the ukrainian electric power industry, found itself in the center of fierce hostilities. during the military

events of 2014 to 22, not a single time from the side of the ukrainian punishers there were threats to blow up the state district power station, while in fact the energy blockade threatened not only the luhansk people's republic but and the entire luhansk region in 2014, the city of shchastya again became a front-line border city at the border dividing the lpr ukraine when it was the latter in the same year. a monument to lenin was carried here. and in the next, the name of the streets sovetskaya became central voroshilov rainbow chapaeva flower, and the territory of the thermal power plant was turned into a fortified area. when in february 2022 the troops of the people's militia of the lpr entered here as a sapper, they had to destroy a huge number of explosive objects. this demining lasted until about the end of april. uh, there was a large amount of ammunition at the station, including those that did not explode, there were a lot of minuses, set to non-retrievability, but the sappers were all enough. actively filmed e, the

station staff was from the locals. well, no one ran away. all stayed in place in may 2022 tpp in the city of happiness, started working again. while two power units supply gas directly from russia, in the future two more units should be launched , and then the station, the main city-forming enterprise. happiness, will earn almost on full capacity, providing electricity to the entire lugansk people's republic and this is already a lot for the happiness of the city of power engineers and i'm already happy, i live in happiness olga mokhova anastasia popova valeriy savelyev typical, ukraine that's all we wanted to tell. kirill ushinsky was with you today . all the best to you. the bank has a special relationship for us free savings cards at a rate of six and eight tenths of a

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vladimir putin had a telephone conversation with turkish president recep taip and erdogan, according to the kremlin website, the leader paid special attention to the creation of a gas hub in turkey, as well as the aspect of the grain deal extended for 120 days, the presidents emphasized that the agreement concerns not only the export of ukrainian grain and black sea ports. well, the removal of obstacles to the export of russian agricultural products and fertilizers to the world market, putin and erdogan also discussed in detail the relevant aspects of bilateral cooperation, in particular , noted the positive dynamics of trade