a copy of the mega science class is our e reactor e, it is, as it were , not completely closed, as at nuclear power plants. yes , we have channels within ourselves to recreate under laboratory conditions a special state of matter in which our universe was in the first moments after the big bang for modern russia in modern russia - this is the first superconducting accelerator in all the past years, the national research center kurchatov institute. petersburg institute of nuclear physics seven main areas of activity 70 doctors and 260 candidates of sciences, thanks to the national project science and universities implemented by the barscience of russia, unique scientific installations of the class are being created. mega science - this is a whole complex. they will make it possible to conduct research and discoveries of world significance in russia; a network of such installations will ensure the creation of breakthrough technologies based on synchronous and neutron research; we will talk

about three megasize class installations. neutrino experimentally discovered in 1956 neutrino stands out among other elementary particles for its exceptionally small mass and its very weak interaction with any known substance. the neutrino travels a huge distance without interacting with the matter through which it passes without changing its trajectories with the same vector that the neutrino received at birth, which is ideal, of course. in this sense, a tool for research. so to say distant worlds distant and in the sense of distance in the sense of time, but for research. well, how to say the most powerful

the most striking processes that occur in the universe descend and the substance of the iranium elements in the composition of the earth, they are emitted by e, here, during thermonuclear reactions in the sun, they descend. stars and galaxies the nuclei of galaxies at very high with very high energies in a word, a tiny particle, a neutrino, a real storehouse, thanks to the study of a neutrino, you can get such information that cannot be obtained. in no other way, the study of a natural flow, neutrino is an experimental study universe in any experiment. the main initial idea is how to investigate neutrinos, high

-energy neutrinos, interacting with water gives rise to charged particles. these are charged particles. moved at high speed in water faster than the speed of light. the so-called glow begins to emit a glow. vavilova cherenkova registering it is possible to understand where the neutrinos came from, to estimate their energy, but not at all. reno somehow whom no one ever registers from moisei markov's idea of ​​research, neutrino to attempt. implementations years passed in the mid-1970s, the americans offered our scientists to work together in the hawaiian islands, but later it became obvious that this idea should be implemented by ourselves in 1960. soviet scientists. markov proposes to use large bodies of water for the study of nitrine , such as the oceans in the mid- seventies experimenter. chudakov proposes to build such a detector on lake baikal in 1980 , specifically for this project, he creates a laboratory

for high-energy nitrine astrophysics in moscow in 2014 thanks to the active participation of the joint institute for nuclear research. a ceremonial launch of the deep-sea nitrite telescope on lake baikal took place here in dubna. a year later, in 2015, the first dubna cluster of the deep-sea nitride telescope on lake baikal was launched, the high energy neutrino astrophysics laboratory. it was necessary back in 1980 to start creating from scratch, an outstanding physicist was elected its head. grigory domogatsky, who by that time was already successfully working on neutrinos since then, grigory domogatsky has been the head of this mega-sans class project grigory domogatsky is a member correspondent of the russian academy of sciences, that in 1980 he was in charge of the baikal neutrino project. before that , our scientists under the leadership of domogatsky had never set up experiments in such conditions, they started working on baikal there was no

deep-sea equipment there was no photo of multipliers found a place on the lake at the beginning they put one block this photo 1980 on them domogatsky's team at baikal slower slower in 2014 became create a giant telescope-detector for detecting nitrine with a volume of one cuba kilometer 2015 launched the baikal jvd project, the official launch of the baikal deep-sea neutrino telescope to the megascience ladies class project in the spring of 2021. now it is one of three underwater under-ice neutrino telescopes in the world, the second largest and the largest in the northern hemisphere. igor viloptikov, head of the baikal dvd project in the joint path of nuclear research, researcher at the laboratory of nuclear problems, joint institute for nuclear research. in the case of such complex projects, everything happens slowly in 1998, it was possible to prove that

by launching garlands with optical modes under water , you can catch neutrinos. this was done for the first time by russian scientists. this is a detector with a volume of 1 billion tons. well, that is, it is, respectively, kilometer per kilometer per kilometer, to represent it. here is the telescope. this is a big telescope. it consists of small blocks. here is one block. we call it a cluster. here is a cluster - this is eight garlands, on which, on each of which, there are 36 optical modules. here is one detective element, the main detecting element - this is the optical module, the key element of the telescope is the bird of such modules on the baikal telescope

module, they are attached to shorts using a stainless frame, power is supplied to the module, data is taken from what it consists of. and the most important element of this module is super sensitive. i can even show it. probably , here it casts in such a brown color. here is a large area. and it is glued into this glass sphere, which can withstand a very high external pressure. since these modules are located almost at the very bottom at a depth of 1.275 m. it is impossible to order parts for the module. everything is done by the devices themselves, a lot of conditions are set for this. it must be reliable do not fail each

module costs about 5,000 dollars. here, expensive glass photomultipliers, but the main thing is that electronics engineer maxim kruglov joins the two halves of the module. after that, you need to conduct a test that will show that everything is assembled correctly and the signal goes on, the module is placed in the dark light an isolated box and conducts a new test, checking the operation of a photomultiplier, the design that we now see with you is the latest generation of an optical module, because before that, what designs we had had no cranes against magnetic ones that reduce. the earth's magnetic field is somewhere in the 5-6 times also screens pre-exchange. that is, how much they reduce the earth's magnetic field, all the components that are present in the structure here. they are all non-magnetic engineer. maksim kruglov conducts experiments on the selection of materials, works to improve the design in his life,

an incredible turn took place, because before he got to dubna in this mega-sans project. he was doing a completely different job. history. let's just say the beginning of this participation in this project is very interesting before that. i generally served in the fire department, was a fireman, was a fire truck driver. but then after the expiration of the circumstances that this is not the most interesting activity. it seemed to me. uh, got in offer from a friend. he's just coming to see what we're doing here. do you want to join us? came looked interesting liked. and now , starting from the age of 17, it’s clear that maxim kruglov’s abilities, his willingness to work , interest, clarity came in the laboratory to the court of theoretical physicists, they cannot do without the help of practical physicists and the help of engineers who, in this case, assemble the expedition modules on baikal lasts only 2 months

mid-february and until the beginning of april for 10 for months, scientists here in dubna at the joint institute for nuclear research are processing data and preparing for the next expedition, just as they are waiting for the expedition, these modules, which are assembled here in the alpha hall at the end of february , are covered with good ice, the thickness of which is about 80 cm. cable stretches from the shore to the installation. this is 4 km, they cut out the ice and they are found over the already existing garlands with the help of gps, and over the future they once cut the ice by hand, then they came up with a special technique. the observatory on lake baikal is larger than the ostankino tower, but if there are 2-4 events per year, this is already a good result, grigory domogatsky believes astronomy is taking a fundamental step forward. before that, she was only an electromagnet. now, in general, it is very

pretty and epoch b in this one in astrophysics is now starting to really work. together there are already two large neutrino telescopes. this is, uh, ice cube is international, well, it's led by the united states. a hmm america germany sweden mostly a and here is our baikal and a we we work in constant interaction, so to speak, that is, we inform each other about the events that are taking place and begin, so to speak, to conduct a joint analysis of them. that is, in this sense, some points in the sky are already beginning to appear, which are of mutual interest. and where are we, so to

speak, here we are exploring them. and from where we look for events, that is, a truly neutral study begins. well , building a map of the neutrino sky, that’s what it ’s like, a completely new epoch with today’s an era in astronomy at the moment the baikal telescope has registered several dozen candidates for astrophysical neutrinos. they flew to us from the depths of space, their path was millions of light years. scientists do not like the word discovery, but what is the excitement, for example, for white- eyed victims. uh, in fact, it always e arises when you decide, and some problems, when a problem arises, this applies to the expedition, this also applies to working here in a hurry, when a problem arises. and now you are looking for solutions. that's the thing excitement is when you have

pecks. here you intuitively already feel. this solution is here, and you have to work systematically to achieve the goal. and of course, pico. moment for the whole team of domogatsky they managed to prove that the technique that was proposed by the physicist moses markov in 1960 is being worked by bair shoibonov, a senior researcher at the experimental department of spectroscopy and radiochemistry of the laboratory of nuclear problems, united institute for nuclear research. bair shoibonov was born in irkutsk, studied myth, when he had to write a term paper, he came to the united institute for nuclear research, which is the main one for the baikal project, when i was a student of the mission. er, i knew, more or less. what are some interesting projects? in our country, one of them is the baikal and not the trine experiment. and in general, it takes place in my small homeland, you can

say, and i can go there. e at work. e on an expedition, so as not to lose touch with the roots, of course, it is impossible not to ask a question. what or who can interfere with the work of the observatory under water , this rarely happens when it takes away the nets from fishermen, that is, if the lower lower module costs somewhere from 1.300 m, yes, then the upper module is about 750 m there, there, of course, there are practically no living creatures, but we once lowered the camera there, well, according to technical e technical necessity, and there is what we saw from the fat content, but there, uh, while the crustaceans swim, amphipods there were very much at the bottom. eh, glad we showed it, they have delicious food there. here in dubna, they are working on another

mega-size installation, thanks to the national project science and universities are building nika, the first hadron collider in russia, by and large, the goal of scientists who are engaged in nothing similar to the goals of their fellow physicists working at baikal, this task is to recreate in laboratory conditions a special state of matter in which our universe was in the first instant after the big explosion, namely quack glion plasma, quarks and galleons can be called the building blocks of matter, they are inside. a dronov a. right after the big bang. they could freely roam around the drones. here is an area to explore. eh, the state is a mixed state, e of nuclear matter and real matter. it is just e. we consider the mixed phases of nuclear matter as the main uh interesting object for study for nika's project. nika is a

kind of time machine that will take scientists 14 billion years ago. this is a whole complex consisting of a chain of accelerators, each of which accelerates particles, but the higher -energy part of this chain can be called historical here in dubna in 1957, under the leadership of academician vekser, the synchrophasotron was built; it accelerated proton beams to record energies for those times. a separate building was built for it in 2020. it was stopped, it ran out of resources, its filling was dismantled in this vacated tunnel, scientists launched a new accelerator for modern russia in modern russia, this is the first superconducting accelerator in all the past years. this accelerator is the second in the acceleration chain. uh, after the linear accelerator, the beam gets here and is injected is accelerated to intermediate energies and then removed from this ring is already stripped down to the bare

nucleus e of a chemical element, e, which is then transferred to the main accelerator of our nuclotron complex, on the basis of which the entire nika complex is built, where already pre-project energy is accelerated, e, which is necessary for conducting a physical experiment and, in particular, for filling the rings of colliders. so the whole chain of linear accelerators booster darkened the throne, which will accelerate the particles to an energy of about 4.5 giga volts, but the clathron transmits the particles to the large ring of the collider, where the ions will collide, we got absolutely exceptional capabilities. we are now inside there or the collider. there are two rectangular segments where detectors and two arches are installed. and then there are these huge magnets. each arch has 40 magnets. here in a separate building. there is a magnet factory, a technology for creating superconducting magnets, developed precisely in dubna, this machine is called the heart of a magnet on

her preparing, superconducting cable. dmitry nikiforov shows this collider superconducting cable, it consists of eighteen superconducting stands. each contains over 10,000 niobium titanium fibers. this is the main superconductor that is used here. uh, magnetic materials are there, uh, with which we hang magnets on the refrigerator. and there are, uh, magnets, which are electromagnets that we create ourselves, that is, in our magnet and the main element is transformer steel. that is, it is not a magnet under normal conditions, but under the presence of e, its internal winding and low temperatures, but there is an opportunity to save in this magnet. uh, the stable field in this field is what we are using. soon it will take place in uyai, the first operating experiment on nika, the complex itself is still under construction, the experiment will take place on a fixed target, and it

will accelerate their xenon in the maclatron booster, then they will fly 200 m along the ion guide and fall into target. the decay products will be recorded by various systems. well, you know how they used to show some in films. uh, cowboys galloped and eat put his ear and speaks. here it jumped. there are three horses, two gray ones, one black one an hour ago. that's about and we are also only horses a million times smaller than horses there are thousands of times larger. and so they flew by. we have to tell everything about it, we have to say. what particles arrived with what energies? with what impulses? because the particles that we observe they behave differently depending on whether we had the same phase transition that sergey is looking for on the channel merz is a graduate of st. petersburg state university, a leading researcher at the high energy physics laboratory. research sergey merz was born in kegostrov, a small village near arkhangelsk, at school he was going to become a

programmer in st. petersburg. university specialized in computational physics, soon he was invited to dubna. merce also writes lyric. poems published some in a sense, this is a place of power. yes, you come here like this, and here you are surrounded by living legends and in the form of monuments of the legend of the past. you can work somewhere else. you can sit there from home. or are you on campus? and you understand that well, here it is somehow here a little differently. there is some feeling here, i don’t know the importance of your history, that you are part of this great joint institute for nuclear research three flagship projects of a strongly laboratory 1,500 scientific articles a year. peak is another installation of the megasance class, which we will tell you, it is also created by physicists nuclear scientists in the same place of power as in ya and in dubna this division prostrate. kurchatov institute

petersburg institute of nuclear physics named after konstantinov in gatchina, here the flagship project is the creation of peak peak - this is a beam research building . it is interesting that the peak began to create here since the 1970s this process. so, not fast, but it slowed down a lot after the chernobyl accident, then after the collapse of the soviet union, and only in 2013 did a new era begin in the creation of the peak of the phrase nuclear reactor always is associated with a nuclear reaction, which is accompanied by a separation of energy, and man uses this energy in industry, but there are research reactors. all of them are not similar to each other all different devices and rush tasks. just like that, it was launched in 2011. there it is one of the most powerful high- flux neutron sources in the world. gatchina peak was solemnly brought to the energy mode of operation on february 8, 2021 in the presence of the president of the country and glavts. we have

now entered the controlled access zone. here there is control over ionizing radiation, therefore, in uniform in white coats. and each individual dosimeter is our guide. vladislav tarnovich is here. we go with him to one of the main halls, where will the experimental installations be placed? we are entering the so -called neutron-water hall. it is still under construction . neutron guides are located in it. they are designed to transport neutrons from the reactor to physical facilities. that is, an experimental facility will be located at each end of the netronovod. well, these neutron guides are now behind our back is the casing of the tranovods. nice orange pipes. inside them will be located special optical sections. well, so far there is nothing inside. free space, in which, e, special optical sections will be located, through which neutrons will be delivered to the installation with minimal losses. why is it necessary to do so? because if we just let them

fly through the air at a distance, there are 10-23 m. methods. moreover, cheaper ones do not need to operate the reactor. however, the neutron is unique, it has a high depth of penetration of matter with the help of x-rays. we can only see the surface layer, we will not see. light elements such as hydrogen, and the neutron will help to do this, neutrons can study magnetic materials, which is impossible to do by other methods. objects, for example, archaeological rarities, without violating their integrity peak for the study of microworld objects, for example, nodes of the crystal lattice, how our peak will differ from other reactors in that at the moment its design capacity is its design

capacity. it will be higher than, uh, power. uh, well, the most powerful research reactors, the more power, the more neutrons, the more neutrons, the faster, firstly, we will conduct the experiment again. secondly, and we will be able to conduct hmm a series of experiments that will impossible to carry out, for example, on low-power reactors. here also. in the case of my nitrile telescope with modules and a scalider in dubna , work, a non-standard installation is being assembled. as a designer, there are no ready-made schemes and techniques, starting from 2019, five experimental installations were built, the plan was compressed. timing scientist lived at work. we started working in the open field. that is, we had a reactor. there was an empty space around it. there was not even an e, there was no opening for the output of the neutron beam. here at that moment we had just a reactor completely sheathed with protection, and we, uh, our task was to place

installations on this reactor so that they work, that neutrons fly on them, so that neutrons hit the sample are reflected. we could do some kind of science, his colleagues are waiting for the construction, the peak, to finally be completed, and the operation will begin. it will be possible to completely immerse yourself in science at all three mega-sized installations, about which we have told, mostly young people work. specialists for all dubna and gatchina place of power where they can realize their creative ambitions and participate in world-class projects thanks to the national project science and universities

we have received a lot of requests to go out

more often. in the west, they are trying to declare us a pariah country . let's look at this story a little differently. this is an attempt to hear recreate. through painting, the entire panorama of the great country is artistic fantasy.

mishka zhenya so that the honest prince of perm was i'm not a man either. christian

let's translate from stationery, but everything is not clear scary if there is an instruction.

the main events of this minute in our news release, the ukrainian army continues to fire at the zaporozhye nuclear power plant, the possibility of a nuclear accident. more and more real experts. mgt. we assessed the degree of damage from intense shelling, damaged tanks for storing condensate. this caused a leak, more hits were on the road near the reactors and the railway, in addition, the pipelines were hit by shells, two hits were made on the roof of the auxiliary building. well, that's why the intensity of the fire went up and why kiev didn't more?