hello. kirill vyshinsky is with you, and this is a typical ukraine program. our program is not news, we record it in advance and go out on a weekly basis. we don't compete with news releases. we talk about what made ukraine the way we know it today, the typical and, of course, the peculiar path that little russia went through in the ussr ukraine before it ended up at the current point. that's what we're interested in, we hope that it's interesting for you, and that's what we'll talk about today. donetsk character strong people who have mastered wild field, who are the new russians from donbass

conversation with an expert of the program for the restoration of donbass how it was after the great patriotic war, how will it be now? today it is an integral part of the russian federation and until recently the independent donetsk and lugansk people's republics before that, the two largest industrial regions of ukraine. well, the beginning of the history of donbass is in many ways the story of a legendary wild field. so from ancient times they called the vast steppe spaces, near the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov and the black sea, which in the west they were limited by the dniester in the east by the don and khaprom through the center of the wild field the dnieper flowed into the black sea in the south of the earth the steppe dwellers bordered on the territories of settled slavic tribes in these steppes, the ancient cimmerians roamed about them, they are remembered by homer in the odyssey, then the scythians lived here the

golden scythian , the central part of this once powerful kingdom is also the donbass sarmatians polovtsy khazars. the pechenegs all passed through these steppes, it was here that he brought his regiments to the polovtsian land for the russian land prince igor the hero igor’s word is for the regiment, they began to actively populate the don steppes in the middle of the 17th century during the time of bogdan khmelnitsky here. here are the horrors of the polish-ukrainian wars, thousands of peasants from the right-bank ukraine fled here from central russia and the former serfs moved here from the slobozhans in search of freedom and free land. some of these territories were in the possession of the zaporizhzhya and don cossack troops in the 18th century during the russian-turkish wars in the donbass, not only ukrainians and russians appeared, but also greeks, serbs, armenians

, germans, their resettlement was the result of the development of the russian empires of new territories bordering the ottoman empire mined and boiled salt here, plowed the steppes. lively trade was carried out for the needs of agriculture. in the nineteenth twentieth centuries, a real boom began; a new profitable industry was coal mining; the first primitive mines in the donbass were owned by not only landlords, but also peasants, coal was mined with a shovel, a pick, a hammer, a hand winch with a rope and baskets for lifting with the growth of production in the middle of the xix century. nagora was raised already more than a million pounds a year at first mines and then metallurgical plants. hundreds and thousands of workers were already in need in the twentieth century during the period of rapid development of the industry of the russian empire, and then already during the years of soviet

industrialization, hundreds of thousands of people went to the donbass, they became miners, metallurgists , factory workers and energy workers, this region turned into one of the most urbanized in in europe, almost 90% of the population of donbass lives in cities and workers' settlements. descendants of sickly-loving steppe dwellers, hard-working colonists and settlers of various nationalities donbass has become for these people a kind of melting pot in this pot in the conditions of hard sometimes deadly labor. melted a new community of people with hard as steel haram. about what the donbass character is and how the events of recent years have affected its owners in the story anna efimova mariupol

donetsk region may 9, 2014 by nature, people stop tanks with their bare hands. with those who did not accept the results of the maidan, the kiev authorities decided to fight radically in order to reinforce the apu, the nazis, the so-called black men, are sent to the city. and now the infamous battalion. azov today behind our shoulders the liberation of the territory of the ukrainian tambov and started with more. uh, let's say so easy goals for themselves, where there was not such unity of the population in this respect in anti-maidan sentiments. e. well, and then. yes, when they crushed odessa, uh, very the pro-russian city at that time, uh, transferred all their forces to the donbass. they understood that it would be difficult there, of course, they understood. actually, that’s why they

immediately abandoned armored vehicles from the first, so to speak, hours, the doctor valentin pekhterev became one of the eyewitnesses of what was happening in the donbass after the kiev lord, in contrast to mariupol, which was ukrainian nationalists. managed to take control of his native, donetsk resisted from the first days of the brown coup. so valentin himself calls the maidan of 2014. he keeps a diary of stories about what happened and is happening in the city all these years, subjected to countless shelling and at the front, according to the militias themselves, there is no evidence for him, neighbors, familiar friends, evidence has accumulated for a whole book. it's not hard to judge artistic merit, but the fact that this book does not contain a single, even a false comma, is 100%. the fact that the people of donbass reared up is explained by the same donetsk, obvious character, the features of which are selflessness, perseverance and a heightened sense of justice, donetsk and itself

mining settlements were also formed, each mining settlement lived as separate from the principality , and it was impossible to come to this specific acting from another village and point it out. it was the rudest insult, and when the inhabitants of donetsk , someone from kiev, in the form of an order, expressed what language we should speak? what should we do? whom shall we elect? well, for the residents of donetsk - this is a gross insult. freedom of speech among the miners has always been the norm of life, even the most inveterate soviet years. while the intelligentsia whispered in the kitchens, miners said what they think loudly and distinctly sarcastically adding, but we don’t care where to swing a shovel, but when the devastation of the nineties began, it was the miners who banged their helmets on the paving stones near the white house in moscow and organized large-scale hiking trips to kiev when president kuchma was at the

time donbass was even called the new america from the 19th century, when coal deposits were discovered in the region and a real industrial boom took place. in search of a good income, people flocked here from all over, first the russian empire, and then the soviet union miners went en masse with the desire and hope for a better life. khorosh has become a real melting pot of peoples in one high-rise building. russians and ukrainians and greeks and moldavians and jews and armenians could well live here. and therefore, any ethnic nationalism given has always been a person who grew up there, i can say for sure that he was a native donbass resident who grew up there at school. here are the ethnic questions. who is your counterpart ethnic by

blood will be interested, well, there to the tenth degree in relation to some person that he has, can he be trusted, especially when it comes to military brotherhood, trench life for many in the donbass over all these years has already become habitual everyday, here and experienced military and mobilized and volunteers myself nationality speaks pontic. ah. mouth, mine comes from the red meadow. here from the donetsk region, hurricane, i hate to say and collect all of mine, well, yes, i hated it. because for 8 years they have been talking and agreeing, and well, what kind of begging, but looking at how many children suffered civilians. well, i will not forgive, as long as i am alive, as long as my brothers are alive, we will go to the end of evil, the irony is that donbass brought him to this point as an elite in 2010, when viktor yanukovych and his donetsk

team won. revenge in the presidential elections after the loss of 2004 to viktor yushchenko seemed that even the interests of the native region of the new president were put at the forefront, but exactly the opposite happened could be observed with irony. with what speed, after the so-called revolution of dignity, many officials from the party regions and financially the industrial elite of the southeast, turning into nationalists of the donbass spill, well, the legally elected state leader viktor yanukovych, in the end, could not stand the test of power, threw his bags and left in a certain direction that, for example, the regional council of donetsk did not act there , since the parliament of crimea in the fourteenth year of e in many respects there was a tragedy before, well, it predetermined, and in this sense, they

no longer consider yanukovych and those who fled to kiev to be their own. and by the way, his actions that he gave up and fled. they see treat just so that he gave up and fled. but this is it, see point one where did we start the discussion with you. this is unacceptable for us, despite zelensky’s calls to liberate the territory of donbass anyone who, for some reason, does not consider himself a ukrainian and go to live in russia, for example, his predecessor as president viktor yanukovych, so far, basically only women and whose children have been evacuated in an organized just before the start special military operation, well, the rest, as requested, zelensky also went to russia only now , together with her region, anastasia popova is typical, ukraine we will talk with

our permanent expert to historians, political scientist alexander vasiliev. sasha good afternoon. hello, when they talk about the donbass, they always talk about the donetsk character, such an elusive substance, but still, probably, some features she has a common sharp coal basin with trolls around and coal mining as well. uh, this labor is miner's labor. and he, as it were, is the basis of that, that's the society that has developed in this base. what does it mean? yes? here i would say three such main points in my opinion. yes, as observers a first - this is very hard physical labor. that is, these are people who, well, are accustomed to hard physical labor and, respectively, to. well, such overcoming of certain obstacles. and on this path, and the second point is conjugation. with this labor risk, because we know perfectly well that accidents occur in mines. uh, there are explosions of doom. uh,

severe injuries. eh, various professional diseases accompany all this, and the miner and the psychological person, descending underground. he. well, as if ready for the fact that something can happen in relation to. well, here's to life and death. it is being formed a little differently, and the third thing, the miners and the soviet era, and certain qualified categories, even now, mmm. many enterprises there already have a ukrainian period. these are people who make good money and work hard. went. as they say under death, but at the same time they could afford it? yes, that's it, it formed a certain, so to speak, some kind of life , but the standards and claims of these people. well, everything, together this, well, has become the core of that character, which, to one degree or another, but, but most of the people who live in the donbass share. yut 8 years of life in their own state let them not be recognized by anyone for a long time, and yet this is

their own state. all the time was in a state of war. how did this influence the formation the nature of those people of a taxi driver who, in the fourteenth year, took a machine gun in his hands, and then, when the acute phase, uh, the conflicts ended, he handed over, so to speak, weapons and returned to civilian life. so they don't have to be like that. right there, a man. yes, someone, uh, in the militia had relatives, and someone suffered from ukrainian authors. that is, one way or another, the war crawled through the whole of this society. and this, well, imposed again. here is such a special imprint, and, well, let's be frank, all character traits have their own and negative moments, because there is what is called post-traumatic syndrome. and it is necessary to be clearly aware that people lived, well, in such conditions, yes, which well, not at all well, no matter how it contributes to the formation, you know, of a positive light look, and to the world and with this, too, and when we are a hundred. with the donbass you need to have. uh, how would

they understand this, that this is both a huge heroism and a huge trauma, uh, which well, it will take a long, long time to heal, how these people will be, who lived in ukraine then uh in their own an independent state that was constantly at war. and now they will be a part and have already become a part of the big and strong state of russia as they will fit into it. i think that well, if we sum up everything that we said before, yes, then, i think that we already, firstly, we see, we already see a lot of people who came from uh, this region . well, in some prominent socio-political and cultural positions there will be more such people, because i repeat, and the donbass has always given birth to people with ambitions and, uh, of course very. well, it plays a big role. that's the overcoming of trauma that i'm talking about, that is, we must promote globally. integration of donbass because when we say

that people lived in their own state, you need to understand that everyone perceived it as a kind of transit, as a kind of temporary transit form. and no one seriously set out to create a separate state, so to speak. donbass everyone wanted to be russia, to be part of russia, and this desire for russia yes, it is, well, that is, it is the main one, driving moment. on the one hand , it facilitates integration, and on the other hand, i repeat. there is always another country of medals, some inflated expectations, which are very scary, but i will repeat myself to disappoint in something even in small things, and especially people who are in such a state of constant stress. yes, they can be, on the one hand, very, as it were, strong. yes, but in some in some places very vulnerable, but very vulnerable and that's all, but you need to participate, therefore, i think that this acquired military prowess and a are old, but labor traditions that are clearly in demand, so to speak, in any economy. yes , because here are the people who give. himself to his work and work. this is always appreciated everywhere and always

gives a result, this is what donbass came to russia with, and it also seems to me that these people e. with all the experience of recent years. they proved that they probably want more than anyone else to become part of the russian world. yes, of course yes, and the desire that these are their, so to speak, statehood. yes, she was only a form, uh, transit, and the purpose of the composition of all leaders, but donbass, all the leaders and the militias always said that we are just striving, uh, to russia, and yes , it’s like, well, this one sets a very high bar already on the part of the russian state now, that these are the aspirations of this blood, uh rabbit, but under tears. and as it were, now you need to match. thank you very much for a very interesting story. during the great patriotic war, hostilities in the donbass of the then stalinist and varshalovgrad regions

continued from the forty-first council until autumn, 43 the region was completely liberated from the invader in september 43 battles. fierce fascists were fought. it was hard to come to terms with the loss of the donbass, their troops more than once launched counterattacks and recaptured a separate village for a while. then everything was destroyed from residential buildings to large factories, out of 1311 military enterprises, only 61 survived. the total amount of damage to the national economy amounted to almost 31 billion soviet rubles. in the restoration of the donbass, the mine began, the men continued to fight them for battle. the women came down. here are just a few facts: more than 5,000 female housewives of the stalinist region were mistaken for studying garnish trophies at the mine and the minicon. now it is the zasyadka mines that were recruited by women's brigades

. whole shift. for 2 years 43 to 45 in the donbass, 69 mines were restored and put into operation builders and metallurgist did not launch nine blast furnaces and 33 open-hearth furnaces , 13 power plants started working again. today, after 9 years of hostilities in the donbass and devastating shelling of the armed forces, first of all, housing is being rebuilt and infrastructure facilities are planned to be completed in 2-3 years. now 32,000 builders are working here, of which 15,000 are in mariupol, there only by the end of this year they plan to build 100,000 square meters of new housing on how the donbass was restored after liberation from the nazis, and how it is happening now in the story of olga mokhova in 1947, the ussr established medal

for the restoration of the coal shah of donbass this was the first post-war award for the selflessness shown at the peaceful industrial already front. engineers-miners-constructors, awarded by her, really accomplished an unprecedented feat in a short time revived coal production ; the germans retreated purposefully destroyed factories and mines of donbass in order to deprive the red army of much- needed rear support from the luhansk and donetsk regions, the invaders took out 2,500 trains with various industrial equipment and important raw materials. the scale of the destruction was so catastrophic and, uh, great from the outside. if you look, it seemed that everything these destructions will be restored for decades, and what are we talking about, for example, the american press. the same new york times stated that the soviet union would rebuild the donbass in decades. after the first world war,

for example, it took france 10 years to restore its coal mines and pump out from under the ground about 110 million cubic meters of water in february 1943 in the donbass, the volume of flooding of the mine was almost 7 times more, the enemy was just a few kilometers from the current voroshilovgrad lugansk and miners they worked under shelling and bombardment, but already in this 43 year, only from march to august, they gave out more than a million tons of coal to the mountain in the forty-sixth 106 million tons more than before the war, starting their work on pumping out the mine, in the second half of 43 , and after 48 years all the work was completed. that is, in five and a half years, but they were able to pump it out. uh, all the planned shafts from the water flooding them. the positive results were affected by the massive enthusiasm of the residents of donbass for competent engineering management and strict central planning was still at war. the enterprises of donbass were not just restored,

they were reconstructed and brought to a new technological level. all those who have learned that their valiant work brings our victory closer, today's wartime dictates its terms. unlike, let's say, the great patriotic war, when industry was first restored, and then housing was restored. hmm , and people lived. if you remember both in barracks and in countrymen for a long time, then today in the russian federation, indeed, all regions of the russian federation are involved in providing citizens with a place and the opportunity to live comfortably as quickly and efficiently as possible in order to resume the operation of the power grid . donbass is back today. construction and installation work is being carried out at 200 sites in russian cities. restoration of the infrastructure destroyed by the war in the lugansk donetsk region will require at least one and a half trillion rubles within 3 years, full integration of the industry of donbass into the russian economy will be realized according to various estimates

within five to ten years, and russia has it today. in my opinion, it is a unique opportunity to develop a separate strategy for this region in this region, which, on the one hand, would allow building a new production already on a new ecological economic one. in fact , the technological order, well, that is, at new levels and, accordingly, a completely new quality of life, and on the other hand, in no case make this region unprofitable. while this is in the stage development. it included large russian expert structures on the eve of the civil conflict in 2013 in the lugansk donetsk region , which produced almost 16% of ukraine's gdp today, many enterprises. less than a quarter of the local mines have stopped working here with a profit. speaking about the prospects for the development of the donbass industrial region, experts refer, for example, the revival of the production potential in the crimea was already deployed to the needs of the russian federation and adapted to them, and no one

restored a number of enterprises. there in the same searching for a region or in kerch for the reason that everyone understood that they were absolutely environmentally harmful to the region. they were needed only for the income of a separate bribe, the oligarchs, the primary component of the speedy restoration of normal life in the donbass, security today, the donbass land is oversaturated with explosive objects of all kinds of booby traps, destroyed by military equipment internationally. in the amine center, such a situation is assessed as the highest level of pollution. we have already estimated situation, but cleared territories and a plan for cleaning up the area has already been drawn up, which involves work for at least 5 years, the current situation is complicated by the fact that the number of modern unexploded, but uncountable demining munitions has been found to have defused more than

300,000 unexploded ordnance, representing a large a threat to civilians, but the war continues on cleared land. deadly rockets, mines and shells are falling again. where it was still clean yesterday, as the sapper says, poured again today. to date, about one and a half thousand specialists perform these tasks in cleaning up the area, suffice it to say that about 30,000 hectares have already been cleared by us. well, it seems to be a big figure, yes, but if you translate into kilometers, 30,000, a hectare is only 3 m², but these are minefields. this is everything that the residents of donbass critically need water, water, gas pipelines, power lines. industrial enterprises schools kindergartens. hospitals. the rest is indicated on the maps and fenced off on the ground and up to these objects the turn will definitely come, specialists of the engineering troops from the reserve fund assure the russian government has already allocated more than 10 billion rubles for demining. but there is a lot of work to be done after

the great patriotic sappers. they completed their work only by the mid-fifties, but until now the earth seems to be pushing out foreign bodies, unexploded shells of that war olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev typical, ukraine that's all we wanted to tell. kirill ushinsky was with you today. all the best to you.

i was directly contacted on this issue by the leaders of several african countries, who, of course, do not understand what is happening. why are european countries still blocking russian fertilizers, which moscow wants to transfer free of charge to the

poorest countries, and how can this problem be solved together with the un today in yerevan, where it will take part in a csto meeting, what is planned on the agenda? in jerusalem, the attacks took place at bus stops of what is happening now. strangely, the sevens, as they expect today, will make a decision on the price ceiling for the russian oil. what impact will this have on the market and how will it deliberately react, russia moscow nizhny novgorod ulyanovsk samara european russia in ice captivity, when can we expect the weather to change and where is the precipitation heading now? russia will discuss it deliveries.