the scales of the largest european and world powers all this predetermined the nature of historical processes in ukraine. and if the state with the name ukraine is only about 30 years old, then the history of the territory with the name ancient russia, little russia, new russia has several centuries of baptism of russia by prince vladimir and the entry of little russia into russian the kingdom under khmelnitsky the annexation of crimea to russia and the emergence of new russia under catherine ii the emergence of the ussr her hero and traitors during the years of the great patriotic war the collapse of the soviet union and the beginning of the modern history of ukraine, the tragedy of donbass the return of crimea and the southeastern regions to russia is a long and difficult path. what turns were on this path and what a fork in the road ukraine came about

our correspondent, anna efimova, reflects together with the creators of a large-scale exhibition, ukraine at the turn of the era. ears of wheat in the light of multimedia projectors tens of hours of newsreel thousands of archival documents , testimonies and photographs, in a word, what is called historical sources, which the opposition can and should be trusted. in general , our position is that there are a lot of clichés in history. there are a lot of such false attitudes here, with which we are always trying to fight, in general, this is the meaning of our entire exposition - a collective image of ukraine from the time. the so-called kievan rus word is exactly the same stamp. after all, this artificial term was coined only in the 19th century, here is the testament of princes yaroslav and the unification of russia in the fight against the ottoman yoke, the formation of novorossia and the formation of the new southern regions of the russian empire, the section of the commonwealth and much more in the

huge plasticity of the history of each highlights something most interesting for itself, it was important to see where this moment happened, when something went wrong, well, probably at the moment. in the fourth hall at the moment when they sent the university to the izhevsk institute, that is, probably, it is precisely at this moment that they are already targeted. that is, this is the end of the 18th 19th century, the beginning of the 20th century, the moment of turning points in almost every chapter of the history of bygone days, parallels with today's day and the 19th century is especially rich in them. it was then that , for example, the notorious cyril and methodius brotherhood of the secret ukrainian political organization was created, whose members were the historian and ideologist of pan-slavism nikolai kostomarov, the poet. taras shevchenko, the creator of one of the versions of the ukrainian alphabet panteleymonkuly, the purpose

of the association was to create a network of independent slavic democratic states with the capital in kiev, by the way, grushevsky later even called the methodius society of the laboratory of ukrainian political thought cyril, which was in fact, this is a society that was funded by the british ambassador black because, uh, he realized that he needed to act somehow cunningly not through moscow and st. petersburg but to come in. from the south, i believe that if someone even thinks, yes, what, it's not from scratch, everything has arisen? yes, what were the reasons for all these later, after this cyril of the methodius society, these are ours, uh, populists, everything else. everything is the same there, you understand, so let's liberate. uh, poland finland means little russia. they must be independent. there's a fifth tenth. this is the eternal game. we are in this gear. they are always repeated on the territory of conditionally and modern ukraine as a patchwork quilt whose edges over the course of the century were pulled over by the ottomans, poland of the russian empire, the seams then

diverged. that is, that field is redone. well, here's the question. and what actually ukraine itself was all this time with the search for a separate national identity helped, and on the eve of the first world war it was in the austro-hungarian empire, which at that time included the lands of the golitsa the idea of ​​​​creating a new artificial state was born, as a buffer between russia and austria-hungary and rev. the singing of little russians, great russians and rusyns into ukrainians and in the fourteenth year those who called themselves populists, more precisely those who called themselves ukrainians. although in essence. they were the same rusyns, the same russian people as their neighbors. together with the auto hungarian army, they participated in ethnic cleansing, that is, they killed rusyns who did not want to consider themselves ukrainians with followers of such svidomo patriots in during the years of the great patriotic war, the red army will have to fight the heroes of the sniper lyudmila pavlyuchenko, the legendary pilots asa ivan kozheduk and sultan

amet-khan, one of the organizers of the partisan movement in ukraine, sidarks. pak here he is dedicated to a whole room, and on the pages of modern ukrainian history textbooks, completely different names of those who were never amnestied by the soviet government represent the fifty-fifth year 10 years have passed since the end of the war. so what is 10 years. this is a thirty-five-year-old forty-year-old a healthy man who not only comes back together, but what is absolutely unbelievable is that his criminal record is removed from him. they should they can hold any positions they have and have occupied, including the party secretary, in many ways this has become a cute slow-motion, perverted elite, a bright one, whose representative can be called an amateur to slide between the cable of the first president of the independent leonid kravchuk from yesterday's bandera, who at first stopped as an ardent communist, and then again a bandera and who played far from the last role in the collapse of the soviet union, the starting point of the modern square is the beginning of the nineties, on the sixteenth of july, the supreme council of the ussr adopts a declaration on the

state sovereignty of ukraine the soviet union is already bursting at the seams, what's next, and then it starts that president leonid kuchma will call ukraine not russia yet from the tv screens on the ears of yesterday's soviet citizens hung noodles about democratic values ​​and promises to turn selves or into a second france, ukraine was turning into something else before our eyes, where the multi-million russian population of the same citizens of ukraine became sort of a national minority ; the state, where the orthodox church was crushed into parts, turns each into a political party ; in the city of kirovograd now skopinsky for me, of course, this is happening. i understand that only russia can help the last time i was in ukraine 19

year. of course, i saw these changes, and everything is there and that the american soldiers went to kirovograd 600 shells flew in donetsk 6. day, that is, it is there simply. well, the fact that they staged a genocide, just the extermination of people. it wasn't that it could n't be avoided. that is, we could not just sit happily, history is becoming and the events that are taking place now after the bloody maidan of 2014, ukraine, which until then was divided into blue and orange only on electoral cards, turned into a country engulfed by the civil war, where the mention of the brotherhood of peoples began to cut many, but it will take a very long time to solve these problems. it seems to me that this problem has been nurtured there for decades, and in order to resolve it, it will also take decades, and i do not share it, in fact . and our peoples, well, it's like what

i don't know there, uh, now divide the people of ryazan and the people of moscow people, st. petersburg. moreover, behind him there were many common victories and achievements in the sport of science and culture, perhaps someday a turning point will happen in the minds of people, and all the witnesses of the history that is happening today will be able to look at it impartially, and this will be a new era we will talk about this with our permanent expert, historian and political scientist alexander vasiliev. sasha good afternoon. hello why exactly ukraine has become such a field of geopolitical confrontation against russia but i would say that this is the split, yes, oh, which e you just said geopolitical

geopolitical split it, and not that it was formed in ukraine, i'm just such hmm, maybe a bold hypothesis, i will express. yes, ukraine itself was formed as a result of this split. uh, that is, and we have, uh, well, something more than just a confrontation with russia, because even in that era when, well, there the moscow kingdom is only the first steps. already then on the territory, which in the narrow sense was called ukraine yes, in the sixteenth century, and even then traces. this one the split of the geopolitical rift, they were already present and even then within this formation itself. eh, without even any connection with e hmm russia a hmm and skrila and not just sparkled, a flame even blazed from time to time. what is this about. uh, hmm big civilizational let's say so

tectonic plates. yes on the one hand. here is the western catholic civilization, which was represented by poland and lithuania had less. yes, here it is, on the other hand. it was, uh, south. the ottoman empire , which just in those years was still really the most powerful, but the power but in the middle east and europe in fact, yes and uh, orthodox civilization. which, after the fall of byzantium , in fact, is there in the balkans. yes, there, that's all. it was also, but with the turks, so to speak, captured. yeah, and here's the future, uh, the future. uh, russia yes, here is the heiress of ancient russia, and uh, i repeat, these are the conflicts, but hmm on the territory of ukraine yes , they began, because right after it happened. here is the church union, that is, when rome's attempt to move this civilizational move the border to the east significantly and even then

inside. this received powerful opposition, which then took place there in a whole series of wars and, in the end, by the uprising of khmelnitsky and already by direct intervention. e russia in these events. yes, that is, here we see that here it’s not even so much russia , but it is some kind of ultimate goal of this confrontation. and something more, well, orthodox byzantine civilization, uh, which is grace precisely on uh, the lands of russia divided at one time, and then united already under the scepter moscow goals at the time. ah, back to modern times. e at the time. leonid kuchma wrote a book, ukraine is not russia but. q. what moment in the modern history of ukraine - is the prefix not e, changed to the prefix anti turned into anti-russia. well, uh, probably, at the moment when the slogan, under which, among other things,

ukrainian nationalists were in the forefront ukraine without kuchma yes, turned out to be implemented and , paradoxically, but leonid kuchma himself, uh, prepared the ground, uh, for all subsequent events. yes, when he initially promised his voters, who voted for him in the crimea yes , unprecedented numbers of just a hundred and a half, and in the donbass in his native dnipropetrovsk. in region a in odessa yes, when they voted for him under the slogan ukraine russia more bridges less walls, yes, and there was only one electoral cycle and already in the next elections for the same e, a handful of people voted, mostly golicia, as for a nationalist politician. that's when it happened, it was just a deception of the expectations of a huge number of the country, then it finally became clear that this vector was chosen

through not russia to anti-russia and a suicidal vector yes, it has already been taken and ukraine has become, these rails have become. and what can and what should happen in order for this project of anti-russia to become a thing of the past? is it even possible? well, let's be optimistic in this sense, shall we? yes, that this is possible, but just, uh, for this, of course, the conditions must change very much, firstly, and suicidality. it should become this anti-russian course, well, it is absolutely obvious to the majority of ukrainian society. it seems to me that it is no longer possible for ukraine ruined. but this resource wealth, then when , uh, what did the first president kravchuk talk about, so that the second france, i even there is a huge rich country, of course, such a country and elites. this country they e can succumb to temptation. uh, to stand up as

an opponent of russia to win this confrontation, relying on the help of knowledge. yes, this is a kind of temptation to which these people. indeed, they succumbed, thinking that this can be achieved a and deprive the ukrainian elite for the future, and the demographic and natural resource base, a and all the others factors. yes, this is very serious, and even the change that will take place in the psychology of people, if we consider it impossible, yes, and even without this, a-a psychology of psychology. yes, but without such resources, uh, it will be impossible to act. then, perhaps, a certain transition to at least pragmatic relations and the experience of some of russia's neighbors shows that this possible transition is a matter of the price that everyone will have to

pay for this. well, let's wait and see. thank you very much for an interesting story. novorossiya the historical name of the regions that became part of the russian empire in the 18th century following the results of the russian-turkish wars, these lands were conquered in different years from the crimean khanate and the ottoman empire. they stretched along the coast of two seas, the black sea and the sea of ​​azov in the west, reaching the moldavian principality. today, these are the western borders of the odessa and nikolaev regions in the center and in the north covered the current zaporozhye dnipropetrovsk and kirovohrad regions, and in the east part of the dpr and the lc half of the 18th century, territory of novorossiya. it was expanded by military settlers and noble landowners who received land here. the term itself was invented and put into circulation

by catherine the great, according to her plan, this was how the new earth should have been called. with little russia and great russia, novorossiysk province was formed by the highest decree in 1764, its territory during several reforms changed until 1802, the most turbulent period in the development of novorossia under prince potemkin, at the behest of catherine, new cities were laid, yekaterinoslav. kherson odessa and many others built a fleet developed trade and agriculture the brainchild of catherine the great of her associates. warriors. mayors architects and administrators grateful odessans in 1894 in the year of the centenary of their city. a monument to the queen and other founders was laid in the 20th

century. in soviet times, the monument was demolished at the beginning of this century and restored recently. odessa city council decided to remove the sculpture of catherine ii from catherine's square in the city. demolition and monuments related to russian history odessa a special case of his details in the story of olga mokhova the grand opening of the monument to the founders of odessa took place 6 years after its laying on may 6, 1900, timed to coincide with the centenary of the death of alexander suvorov , an eleven-meter monument, created according to the project of yuri dmitrenko from odessa, adorned catherine 's square a year later on at the paris conference of architects, it is recognized as the best integral architectural complex in europe, the motto at the competition was from e, was associated with the port and itself

this one is interesting. let's say the address is a silhouette, these are a complex stepped pedestal. he seemed to refer to some. these structures are not even structures, but this port pier and, uh, there was a complex engineering component of catherine ii and her associates. governor-generals, novorossiy. grigory potemkin and platon zubov, one of the founders of odessa, deribas and its architect , engineer devalan, their bronze figure and the pedestal itself were created by the sculptor boris edwards odessa sculptor, who had the workshop is one of the largest in the south of russia, that's all. the creative e, the great russian principle, which makes the impossible possible, is in his e in his image of the creator. it seems to me that, like nowhere else

, they intertwined, that in the center of gravity of the townspeople and the unconditional decoration of the city, the monument to the founders of odessa. did not dare to carry but after odessa in the twentieth year, it finally came under the rule of the bolsheviks following the results of the civil war. naturally. no one in the center of the city could leave a monument, where the key figure is empress catherine ii, and did not want to. naturally, his monument, as well as throughout russia, was demolished. here is the destruction of the smelter for shells. yes, yes, that is, the village. maxim gorky's apostasy of alexander benois, she pastured the pedestal , first a bust of karl marx was erected, then his full-length figure was eventually blown away by the wind, and then the hammer and sickle was placed there in 1965 for the anniversary date of the battleship rebellion. potemkin on a

pedestal erected a monument to sailors potemkin and only in 2007, the historical monument to catherine ii and her associate was restored a big role in this was played by the mayor of the city and eduard hurvits and local businessman ruslan tarpan in different ways. - at your own expense. restored this monument. being also a patriot of his city. never in odessa there was no nationalism and so on. the only thing that has always been a russian city has been and is since the restoration of the monument. passions for catherine did not stop, nationalists accused her of dispersing the zaporizhzhya cossack freemen, they say, she is the personification of the colonial rule of ukrainians, but when in 2017 the kaza association. their societies in sich demanded to be dismantled through the court, the native odessans were adamant. catherine must stand in her place. agree with the results of the survey, the majority, that is, the absolute majority odessans. uh, they chose a position categorically against the

demolition of the dismantling of this monument. that is, uh, their share was 81%. however, already in 2022 above the monument. threatened again in may was a petition written by ukrainian activists to replace catherine ii with the figure of the american actor herington. the ex-star of porn films scored more than 25,000 votes on the website of the president of ukraine; responsibility for cleaning up public space from the russian imperial and soviet heritage is actually history, both before the year 17 and after the seventeenth year. yes, the modern ukrainian government, it is equated and equalized. yes, for them there is no e difference when caught by the soviet government. was it just the tsarist government that was both, according to, apparently, zelensky, and is unacceptable and all traces should be destroyed, as the situation around the monument aggravated, the position of the

mayor also changed. odessa in the summer in an interview with western journalists. gennady trukhanov spoke out against the nose, saying that you can't change history. in september. he clarified that he was not against the nose, but not in a barbaric way, and already in november, after showing special attention to him from the sbu and the ministry of internal affairs of ukraine, he stated that he unambiguously supported the decision, but the dismantling of the monument. here is the time that i am now tragic events, they will begin to show who? according to him, it turned out that a man without a trailer, without conviction, without any position in life at all. well by the way there was one of those more i was glad for the opening of this monument at one time. the basis for the decision of the odessa city council to dismantle the monument was the results of an electronic vote from the millionth population of odessa , only about 8,000 people took part in it. half allegedly voted for dismantling. the opinion of the rest was blurred in response to the seven proposed options for the future of the monument, here is a chain of historical events that bring anyone out. e browser. well, the observer, that

after all, she did not just take odessa. yes exactly, how it arose, as a russian city, and this must be interrupted, therefore the struggle with monuments. this is more than just some kind of struggle for e, the appearance of the city is a struggle for the reformatting of consciousness in modern ukraine, one of the pearls. odessa city deputies proposed to temporarily store in a warehouse 100 years ago, their allies in the dismantling turned out to be much more far- sighted preserved. niv almost all the figures of the monument in history as a local history museum for descendants olga mokhova anastasia popova valeriy saveliy typical, ukraine this is all we wanted tell. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. good luck to you. check your credit score and get approved for a loan at compare if credit, then compare and here comes our none.

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on the main events of this minute in our news release, russia will defend itself with all the means at its disposal, vladimir putin said at a meeting with members of the presidential council. on human rights, great attention is paid to issues related to the special operation, including the crime of the kiev regime about the most important natalya solovyova human rights activists rarely touch upon non-problematic issues, especially since the events of recent months could not but affect their work. vladimir putin pointed to the cynical even.