let's translate from clerical, but understandable, everything is not so scary if there is an instruction. there should be a head on my shoulders, i'm changing your eared puppy for your quiet life.

hello. kirill vyshinsky is with you, and this is a typical ukraine program. our program is not news, we record it in advance and go out on a weekly basis. we don't compete with news releases. we talk about what made ukraine the way we know it today, typical and, of course, peculiar, the path that little russia went through about the ussr ukraine before it ended up in current point. that's what we're interested in, we hope

that it's interesting for you, and that's what we'll talk about today. ukraine at a turning point sharp turns and a fateful fork could ukraine have not become anti- russia? why are the monuments of the empress being demolished in odessa that, the state in which the state of ukraine is located on the current historical trajectory makes one seriously think, can it be preserved in the near future? what are the causes of the ukrainian crisis statehood? why did the ukrainian republic, created in soviet times, grow and strengthen, gaining new territories and increasing the population, and after gaining independence, it

only lost people and territory, ukraine of the 21st century is a huge country by the standards of the european continents and not so long ago until 2014 it was the second largest after russia, and in terms of population, it could compete in 47 million spain after 2014, ukraine lost more than 20% of its territory. at least 10 million people left it. the fundamental foundation of ukraine as a state arose only in the second half of the 17th century, it became the hetmanate of bogdan khmelnytsky , a state formation that arose during several wars of the zaporizhzhya cossacks with the polish crown, the hetmanchino is the border border lands of the polish crown. they were located in the east of the commonwealth near the borders with russia , the moscow kingdom and the wild steppe, not inhabited by the territory adjacent to the lands of the crimean

khanate, kiev in the 17th century was just a provincial town on the eastern outskirts of the commonwealth the term itself, grandfather boy, later the invention of historians bogdan khmelnitsky and his contemporaries called this territory the lands of the zaporizhzhya army or malasia minor russia. the crossroads of cultures of trade routes, the intersection of the geopolitical interests of the largest european and world powers, all this predetermined the nature of historical processes in ukraine. and if the state with the name ukraine is only about 30 years old, then the history of the territory with the name ancient russia, little russia, new russia has several centuries . vladimir and the entry of little russia into the russian kingdom under khmelnitsky, the annexation of crimea to russia and

the emergence of new russia under catherine ii, the emergence of the ukrainian ssr, its hero and traitors during the years of the great patriotic war, the collapse of the soviet union and the beginning of the modern history of ukraine, the tragedy of donbass the return of the crimea of ​​the southeastern regions to russia, all this. and a difficult path. what turns were on this path and what a fork in ukraine came about this our correspondent, anna efimova, reflects together with the creators of a large-scale exhibition, ukraine at era breaks. ears of wheat in the light of multimedia projectors tens of hours of newsreels, thousands of archival documents , testimonies and photographs, in a word, what is called historical sources, which can and should be trusted in terms of position. in general , our position is that there

are a lot of tampos in history. there are a lot of such false attitudes here, with which we are always trying to fight, in general, this is the meaning of our entire exposition - a collective image of ukraine from the time. the so -called kievan rus, by the way, this is just have the same stamp. after all, this artificial term was coined only in the nineteenth century, here is the testament of prince yaroslav and the unification of russia in the fight against the ottoman yoke, the formation of novorossia and the formation of new southern regions of the russian empire, and the commonwealth and much more made speeches in a huge layer. each story singles out something most interesting for itself. it was important to see where this moment happened, when something went wrong, well, probably at the moment. in the fourth hall at the moment when they sent grushevsky historical. uh institute university, that is, probably, that's it at this moment, they are already targeted. that is, it is the end of the eighteenth nineteenth century. the beginning of the xx at the

moment of a turning point in almost every chapter of the history of bygone days parallels with the present day and is especially rich in them in the xi century. it was then that , for example, the notorious cyril and methodius brotherhood of the secret ukrainian political organization was created, whose members were the historian and ideologist of pan-slavicism nikolai kostomarov, the poet. taras shevchenko is the creator of one of versions of the ukrainian alphabet panteleymonkuly, the purpose of the unification was to create a network of independent slavic democratic states with the capital in kiev. by the way, grushevsky later even called cyril the methodius society of the laboratory of ukrainian political thought, which was in fact , this society, which was created by the english ambassador blackfeld, because e , he realized that it was necessary to act somehow cunningly not through moscow and st. petersburg but come in from the south. i believe that if someone even thinks, yes, what, it's not on an empty place, everything has arisen? yes, what were the reasons for all these later, after this cyril of the methodius

society, these are ours, uh, populists, everything else. it 's the same there, you know. so let's release. uh, poland finland means little russia. they must be independent. it's the fifth tenth. this is the eternal game. we are in this gear, they always repeat the territory of conditionally and modern ukraine like a patchwork quilt, the edges of which have been pulled over for a century, poland, the russian empire, the ottomans, seams, then diverged. that is, that field is redone. well , here's the question. and what exactly was ukraine itself all the time with the search for a separate national identity helped to meet on the eve of the first world war, it was in the austro-hungarian empire, which at that time included the lands of galicia, the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bcreating a new artificial state was born, as a buffer between russia and austria-hungary and the transformation of the little russians of the great russians . and rusyns into ukrainians and in the fourteenth year those who called themselves populists. more precisely, those who called themselves

ukrainians. although in essence. they were the same ruthenian, the same russian people as their neighbors. together with the author, the hungarian army participated in genetic purges, that is, they killed rusyns who did not want to consider themselves ukrainians with followers . sniper lyudmila pavlyuchenko is a legendary pilot. assa ivan kozheduk and sultan amet-khan, one of the organizers of the partisan movement in ukraine, siders. pak im here a whole hall is dedicated, and on the pages of modern ukrainian history textbooks, completely different names of those who were never amnestied by the soviet government represent the fifty-fifth year 10 years have passed. and the end of the war means what is 10 years. this is a thirty-five-year-old forty-year-old healthy man who does not just return under an amnesty. and something that is absolutely incredible is removed from him. criminal record. they must they may hold any position they have held, including

secretary. rakov in the party, in many respects this became delayed-action mines, nurtured by the elite, a bright representative of which can be called a lover to slide between the droplets of the first president of the independent leonid kravchuk and from yesterday's bandera, who first stopped as an ardent communist, and then again as a bandera and played far from the last role in the collapse of the soviet union, the starting point of the modern independent - this is the beginning of the nineties on the sixteenth of july, the supreme council of the ussr adopts a declaration, and the state sovereignty of ukraine, the soviet union is already bursting at the seams, what's next, and then it begins that president leonid kuchma will call ukraine not russia while from the tv screens on the ears of yesterday's soviet citizens they hung noodles about democratic values ​​and promises to turn self-styled into a second france, ukraine was turning into something else before our eyes, where the multi-million russian population of the same citizens of ukraine became second-rate national minority, the state where the orthodox church was

crushed into parts turns each state into a political party, where mass destruction and russian and soviet monuments are destroyed and the streets in the village are renamed in the ukrainian way, and entire cities itself was born in ukraine, the city of kirovograd is now a scorpion for me, of course, it’s cold what is happening. you understand that only russia can help, the last time i was in ukraine in the nineteenth year, of ​​course, i saw these changes, and that’s all there and that the american soldiers went to kirovograd 600 shells flew in donetsk that is, it’s just there, well, then that they staged a genocide, just extermination of people. it wasn't that it couldn't be avoided. that is, we couldn’t just sit happily, history is becoming and the events that are taking place now after the bloody

maidan of 2014 cut by hand, but it will take a very long time to solve these problems. it seems to me that this is a problem that has been returning there for decades and in order to solve it too it will take decades, and i do not share, actually. ah, our peoples, well, it’s still something i don’t know, uh, now divide the people of ryazan and the people of moscow people, st. petersburg, especially since there were many common victories and achievements in sports behind them science and culture, perhaps someday a turning point will occur in the minds of people, and all witnesses of the history that is happening today will be able to look at it impartially, and this will be a new era of anastasia popova, a typical land. about whether there was always a watershed in ukraine for

or against russia and whether ukraine could not become anti-russia, we will talk about this with our permanent expert, historian and political scientist alexander vasiliev. sasha good afternoon. hello why exactly ukraine has become such a field of geopolitical confrontation against russia well, i would say that this is the split, yes, oh, which you just said geopolitical geopolitical split it is, and not that it was formed in ukraine , i’m like this hmm can be bold hypothesis, i will. yes, ukraine itself was formed as a result of this split. uh, that is, uh we we have, uh, well, something more than just a confrontation with russia, because even in that era when, well, the moscow kingdom is only the first steps. already then on the territory, uh, which in the

narrow sense was called ukraine yes, in the sixteenth century, and even then traces. they were already present in this split of the geopolitical rift and already then within this formation itself. eh, without even any connection with e hmm russia a hmm and skrila and not just sparkled, a flame even blazed from time to time. what is this about. uh, hmm big civilizational let's say so tectonic plates yes on the one hand. here is the western catholic civilization, which was represented by poland and lithuania had less. yes, here it is, on the other hand. it was, uh, south, and the ottoman empire, which in those years was still really the most powerful, but a power, but in the middle east and europe, in fact, yes, and uh, orthodox civilization. which, after the fall of byzantium

, in fact, is there in the balkans. yes, there, that's all. it was also, yes, with the turks, so to speak captured. yeah, and here's the future, uh, the future. uh, russia yes, here is the heiress of ancient russia, and uh, i repeat, these are the conflicts, but hmm on the territory of ukraine yes , they began, because right after it happened. here is the church union, that is, when rome's attempt to move this civilizational border to the east is significantly shifted and even then inside. this received powerful opposition, which then took place there in a whole series of wars and, in the end, by the uprising of khmelnitsky and already by direct intervention. e russia in these events. yes, then there is, here we see that here it’s not even so much russia , but it is some kind of ultimate goal of this confrontation. and something more, well, the orthodox byzantine civilization, uh, which mercy is precisely on uh, the lands of russia divided at

one time, and then united already by the potscepter of moscow goals at one time. ah, back to modern times. e at the time. leonid kuchma wrote a book, ukraine is not russia but. q. what moment in the modern history of ukraine - is the prefix not e, changed to the prefix anti turned into anti-russia. well, uh, probably in that the moment when the slogan, under which, among other things, ukrainian nationalists were in the forefront ukraine without kuchma yes, turned out to be realized and , paradoxically, leonid kuchma himself, uh, prepared the ground, uh, for all subsequent events. yes, when he initially promised his voters who voted for him in the crimea yes , there were unprecedented numbers of everything in the donbass in his native dnepropetrovsk. in region a in odessa

yes, when they voted for him under the slogan ukraine russia more bridges less walls, yes, and it happened only one electoral cycle and already in the next elections for the same e, a handful of votes, mostly golitsya, as a nationalist politician. that's when it happened, it was just a deception of the expectation of a huge number of the country, then it finally became clear that this was the vector chosen through not russia to anti-russia and the suicidal vector . and what can and what should happen in order for this project of anti- russia to become a thing of the past? is it even possible? well, we will optimists in this sense? yes, it's possible, it's just, uh, for this, of course, the conditions must change very much, firstly, and suicidality. it should become this anti-russian course, well, it is obvious to the absolute

majority of ukrainian society. it seems to me that this is no longer possible. ukraine has been ruined. but this resource wealth, then when, uh, what did the first president kravchuk say that we are the second france, i’m even there a huge rich country, of course, such a country and elites. this country they e can succumb temptation. uh, stand here as an opponent of russia to win this confrontation, relying on the help of employment. yes, this is a kind of temptation to which these people. indeed, they succumbed , thinking that this can be achieved a and deprive the ukrainian elite for the future of the resource base of the demographic and natural, a and all other factors. yes, it's very serious, ah hmm, even the change that will take place in the psychology of people,

if we consider it impossible, yes, and even without this, ah, the psychology of psychology. yes, but already without such resources, uh, it will be, uh, impossible to act. then, perhaps, a certain transition to at least pragmatic relations and the experience of some of russia's neighbors shows that this possible transition is a matter of the price that everyone will have to pay for this. well, let's wait and see. thank you very much for an interesting story. the historical name of the regions that bypassed the russian empire in the 18th century as a result of the russian-turkish wars, these lands were conquered in different years from the crimean khanate and the ottoman empire. they stretched along the coast of two seas, the black sea and the sea of ​​azov in the west, reaching moldavian principality. today, these are the western

borders of the odessa and nikolaev regions in the center and in the north, covering the current zaporozhye dnipropetrovsk and kirovograd regions, and in the east part of the dpr and the lc throughout the second half of the 18th century, the territory of novorossiya. it was expanded by military settlers and noble landowners who received land here. the term itself was invented and brought into circulation, and catherine the great, according to her plan , should have been called that way, well, the earth in the neighborhood of little russia and great russia , by the highest decree in 1764, it was formed novorossiysk province, its territory changed during several reforms until 1802, the most turbulent period in the development of novorossiysk under prince darkness. no, at the behest of catherine, new cities were laid, yekaterinoslav. kherson odessa and

many others built a fleet, developed trade and agriculture, the brainchild of catherine the great of her associates. warriors. mayors architects and administrators grateful odessans in 1894, in the year of the centenary of their city, laid a monument to the queen and other founders. in the twentieth century, during the soviet era, the monument was demolished in at the beginning of this century, it was restored, and recently the odessa city council decided to remove the sculptures of catherine ii from catherine's square in the city. demolition of monuments related to russian history a phenomenon typical of modern ukraine, but in odessa a special case of its details in the story of olga mokhova the grand opening of the monument to

the founders of odessa took place 6 years after its laying on may 6, 1900 timed to coincide with the centenary of the death of alexander suvorov eleven-meter monument created by the project odessa resident yuri dmitrenko decorated ekaterininskaya square a year later at the paris conference of architects, it was recognized as the best integral architectural complex in europe . he, as it were, referred to some. these structures are not even structures, but these here are a port pier and, there, the engineering component of catherine ii and her associates was complex. governors general, novorossiy. grigory potemkin and platon zubov, one of the founders of odessa, deribas and architect engineer

de valaan, their bronze figures and the pedestal itself were created by the sculptor boris edwards odessa sculptor, who had one of the largest workshops in southern russia, that's all creative. eh, the great russian beginning, which makes the impossible possible in his e in his image as a creator. it seems to me that this is how nowhere they intertwined, that in the center of attraction of the townspeople and the unconditional decoration of the city is a monument to the founders of the lasted only until 1917 after the february revolution, as a symbol of the tsarist regime, it was covered with a cloth by foreign correspondents who transmitted from odessa, they said that the revolutionaries did not dare to demolish it, but after odessa in the twentieth year, it finally came under the rule of the bolsheviks following the results of the civil war . naturally. no one in the center of the city

could leave a monument, where the key figure is empress catherine ii, and did not want to. naturally, it, like the epic of russia, the monument was demolished. here is destruction and remelting. yes, yes, that is, according to the intercession of maxim gorky and alexander benois, she pastured the pedestal, first a bust of karl marx was erected, then his full-length figure was eventually blown away by the wind, and then the hammer and sickle was placed there in 1965 on the anniversary date of the rebellion on the battleship. potemkin on the pedestal erected a monument to sailors potemkin and only in 2007, the historical monument to catherine ii and her associates was restored a big role in this was played by the mayor of the city and eduard hurvits and local businessman ruslan tarpan, already treat him, but really he spent a lot of money on his account. installed this memory, the future is also a patriot of his city. there has never been any nationalism in odessa, and so on. the only thing that has always been a russian city has been and is since the restoration of the monument. passions for catherine did not stop, nationalists accused her of dispersing the

zaporizhzhya cossack freemen, they say, she is the personification of the colonial rule of ukrainians, but when in 2017 the association. she demanded to dismantle it through the court, the monument to native odessans was adamant catherine must stand her ground, according to the poll. e majority, that is, the absolute majority of odessans. uh, they chose a position categorically against the demolition of the dismantling of this monument. that is, uh, their share was 81%. however, already in 2022 above the monument. threatened again in may was a petition written by ukrainian activists to replace catherine ii with the figure of the american actor herington. ex-stars of porn films scored more than 25,000 on the website of the president of ukraine, necessary for consideration of votes about the same number of votes in june is gaining a petition for the demolition of monuments from kiev to the city council of odessa, reminded of the responsibility for

cleaning public space from the russian imperial and soviet heritage. in fact , the history that before the 17th year, that after the seventeenth move of the modern ukrainian government, it is equalized and equalized. yes, for them there is no difference. was there soviet power? was it just tsarist power, it was both, according to zelensky, apparently, and is unacceptable and that’s all traces should be destroyed, erased as the situation around the monument worsened, the position of the mayor also changed. odessa in the summer in an interview with western journalists. gennady trukhanov spoke out against the nose, saying that you can't change history. in september. he clarified that he was not against the nose, but not in a barbaric way, and already in november, after showing special attention to him from the sbu and the ministry of internal affairs of ukraine, he stated that he unambiguously supported the decision, but the dismantling of the monument. here is the time that is now tragic events appeared badly. and it turned out to him that a man without a trailer without conviction, without any position in life at all. by the way, he was one of those who were

most pleased for the opening of this monument of his time for the decision of the odessa city council. the dismantling of the monument was the result of an electronic vote from the millionth population of odessa , only about 8,000 people took part in it. half allegedly voted for dismantling. the opinion of the rest was blurred in response to the seven proposed options for the future of the monuments here. a chain of historical events that bring anyone out. e browser. well, observer, she did not just take odessa. yes, exactly how it arose, as a russian city, and this must be interrupted, therefore, uh, the struggle with monuments is more than just some kind of struggle for, uh, the appearance of the city is a struggle precisely for reformatting the consciousness in modern ukraine, one of the pearls. odessa city deputies offered to temporarily go to the warehouse 100 years ago, their dismantling allies turned out to be much more far-sighted, retaining almost all the figures of the monument in the local history museum for the descendants of anastasia popovali typical,

ukraine that's all we wanted to tell. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. good luck to you.

vladimir putin presented the heroes of russia with gold star medals, the solemn ceremony took place in the kremlin palace, which was timed to coincide with the day of heroes of the fatherland, which is celebrated today. we bow to our ancestors who created the great history of russia full of victories and are proud of the soldiers, officers, volunteers, militia, who are fighting now are participating in a special military operation with honor performing combat missions protecting the life and dignity of our fellow citizens, defending our common right to independently determine our own destiny. today, the highest state awards will be presented to military personnel who have shown exceptional valor and courage during a special military

operation.