europe started talking about the us trade war, no

less, if this happens, the whole world will feel the huge economy and the ties between them no less. suitable for the united states to western europe as a whole began to take shape immediately after the second world war, however, a declaration on relations with the european union. the so-called transatlantic charter was signed only in 1990. today, the us and europe are the largest trading partners in 2006. the eu accounted for 19% of us merchandise exports and more than 16% of imports, respectively, the share of the usa in european exports was 24% in imports 15% among the eu countries the main partners are france germany italy and great britain in investment cooperation the netherlands ireland great britain and luxembourg are in the lead a new

trend in the development of foreign economic relations between the usa and the european union growth trade in services from the thirteenth to the sixteenth years, the united states tried to conclude a european free trade agreement. the so-called transatlantic trade investment partnership, but agreement failed to reach donald trump buried the very idea, even promised to introduce a twenty percent duty on cars imported from eu countries, if europe does not remove trade barriers against american companies, then only after the visit of washington, the chairman of the european commission junker, mutual claims. managed to take off then followed, the pandemic and energy crises. energy. another important area of ​​relations after the explosion of the nord stream gas pipeline, the united states has become the main gas shepherd to europe due to its sharp rise in energy costs, large european companies, in particular

volkswagen concerns and bass are serious, are pouring out to transfer their production to the other side of the atlantic , some economists believe that this is? may become a new era of de-industrialization of europe dissatisfaction is expressed by europe, the confrontation with russia fell on it, a much greater economic burden than on the united states, worse than that, the old world suspected that on the other side of the atlantic they were prudently using the situation, a surge of indignation caused a law to prevent inflation, adopted not so long ago washington. the united states has signed a law to reduce inflation, which implies the optimization of health care costs, tax reform and the transition to environmentally friendly energy. the white house plans to spend more than $ 700 billion on this, more

than half of which will go to combat climate change and green technologies. that will allow the united states to reduce carbon emissions and meet its obligations under the paris agreement to finance a 15% corporate tax for companies with revenues of more than billion dollars a year, the united states will continue to introduce low-carbon and carbon-free energy sources to develop nuclear power, but democrats consider the main achievement in the world. in the health care industry, physician-insurance holders can get a discount on expensive prescription drugs. in the event that the manufacturer does not want to reduce the price, they will keep up to 95% of the income from sales of this drug, the measures begin to work in january, but for the europeans. they cause confusion. they fear the law could lead to unfair

competition, market closures and the disruption of critical supply chains that have just passed the pandemic test. these are the words of the head of the european commission, the usulu fund, and the head of the trade committee of the european parliament, generally called for complaining about the us to the wto. there are important and often decisive advantages over low. the price, for example, for the same electrons, analog benefits are good incentive to bring production. united states the relationship between europe and the united states is an important topic, but part of the larger plot, american actions are obvious manifestations of protectionism. but until recently, this word was almost abusive in the progressive world, and

it was the united states that acted as the flagship of free trade, requiring others to follow their example. why the approach has changed and how normal it is. if you look in retrospect. we have visiting today is our good friend historian. andrey serov andrey hello, and historically protectionism is generally that defense or attack? more like a defense. yes, of course, on the contrary, on the defense against competition from the strong, the defense of the weak is rather strong. well, if the strong, at the same time, increase their internal capabilities so much that the weak increase their capabilities, which becomes strong, then the slogan of freedom of trade arises, then trade arises as a vine of freedom there , and when it first arose, by the way, a the first thoughts arose back in the 16th century in the south of europe, e, noise peter recalled e francis davidtoria of the spanish monk, but that was a long time ago, and

in industrial time in our modern world e great britain in the middle of the 19th century in 1846, the corn laws introduced in 1791 are canceled , and even earlier. e. david ricardo, the great english economist, expounded the key thesis free trade is necessary for development. and each country has its own. each society has its own comparative advantages and it is unnatural. uh, somehow fight the truth. and it really was freedom, or it was a slogan, and then we'll see here, we limit it here. no , this was the real freedom of the british empire, but an amazing example. uh, truly genuine free trade. that is, they were sure of themselves. yes, yes, but the united states in general has

protectionist ideas, as far as they are characteristic of political culture. and if you look at the history of the country, when they were at their maximum, they were at their maximum, like everywhere else during the great depression, the rate of the turmoil of the howl of 1930, as elsewhere, when the great depression began, the state strengthened the protection of its producers, which, by the way, economists began to understand very quickly already in the forties, and this depression aggravated, aggravated the economic crisis. in general, the united states of america was a protectionist power in the flesh until the post-war period. that is, if you look at the whole history, then most of the history. america is out and out. yes, but this slogan that now everything should be free. this is when they felt like a world leader or a western leader there, i would say not only, therefore, i would say that during the second world

war, when did it already become? it is clear that victory will come, it is not known exactly when, but it will come. e. people in washington are very different people people directly, people working in the presidential administration are intellectually connected with this new course of franklin roosevelt, they began to think about preventing a new new third world war , they began to think about creating. eh, us- as if now they said a steadily developing harmoniously developing post-war world, but they remembered judro wilson. by the way, who also spoke about e, evil. e barriers. uh, about the need for equal access to opportunities for all countries. a and. well, already then, as i said. economists understood the dangers of protectionism. but the protectionism of such

exclusively protectionism during the great depression is a natural e, a reflex, you can say politicians to protect their own, and world trade in the thirties was very small, and they already, that is, now economists will say that it was bad, but so on. they understood that they needed to revive world trade, which would ultimately prevent such a crisis, which eventually led to the plasticizer. here they understand it very well. in the late nineties, against the backdrop of the development of globalization, the world economy grew steadily by an average of 5% per year. one of the key areas was the production of high-tech products, the leaders were japan and the new industrial countries of asia, singapore gong and taiwan, while the center world trade became western europe then its export volume was almost four times that

of the us as a whole in the mid-nineties the volume of international trade. it rose by almost 10% , largely due to the creation in 1995 of the world trade organization, which promoted liberalization and global economic cooperation, this period continued until the global financial crisis of 2008, when, according to the un, in just one year, the volume of world trade fell by more than 10%, and global gdp by 2.6. for the first time since the second world war, since 2010, the structure of world export flows has changed radically; trade relations have shifted from developed countries to developing countries with the highest growth rates of merchandise exports, then showed the countries of southeast asia china south korea hong kong singapore and india and world trade began to develop along the south line,

while in general the dynamics remained and the current sluggish situation changed in 2018, when trade growth amounted to 10% mainly due to recovery in oil prices, depreciation of the dollar and intensification of world production. however, the next year there was a decline again amid the escalation of the trade war between the united states and china. and a year later, the volume of global trade decreased due to the pandemic and quarantine. in any case, it is believed by the philistine that the apogee of this slogan of free trade is the eighties reagan, this neoliberal course, firstly, is this really so? e secondly, why exactly then e yes, this, indeed so although the world before world war

i was a fairly free trade world of a truly invented empire in the first place. although the same united states of america was a country of protectionism, germany was a country of protectionism. and just the whole world opens up from the eighties, and really in the nineties , when the former socialist camp also enters this world capitalist market, and these are these ideas that expressed the creation of the wto transformation. not a government agreement on tariffs and trade of the forty-seventh year, just after the war in the world trade organization , are associated with e, with economists with economic views of truly neo-liberalism of monetarism with the idea of ​​the benefits of free competition about the possibility. uh, the prosperity of all that the world is not like. the americans themselves would say, not a zero-sum game, that

mutually beneficial development is possible, but of course, based on very high self-confidence of course, accordingly, you mentioned the wto at that time only lazy not to say that they are in a severe crisis. and in general, it is not clear whether this will continue, we are now entering some kind of new protectionist cycle, or whether this simply means that the united states is losing self-confidence. they seem to be losing confidence. this was very evident in the election campaign and then how i didn’t expect this, and in the very actions of donald trump, to be honest, i didn’t expect, like, probably, many as by the way, like i read it, and the chinese experts didn’t expect that the gap will hereby that it will go beyond rhetorical slogans. and apparently, yes, apparently, the growing self-doubt, which we do not yet know what it will lead to. well, that is, it turns out that e biden in words, that he is the very antipode of trump, but in

general, in principle, he has not really changed the slogans have changed, but the course of defense continues. it turns out that i think that it can be revised in other international conditions. that is, now you are becoming a hostage to the world in which you created, and we are all together created, in which we found ourselves and already now we see how a is getting harder, huh? powers here on concessions. by the way, about other conditions. well, it turns out that, uh, the less order, the more desire to fence it off, and of course, of course, yes. here and there, when the uk ceased to be a leader, and what are they, they switched to protectionism, or did they? no? anyway, it was not the thirties that was the time of protectionism. and there

, too, yes, yes, the thirties. and as if the general e, reflex is general. and by the way, today is the same after all, but hmm, when one side takes some measures, other countries respond and uh, brought it on and the twenties were a time, and the reduction in international trade and really high tariffs after the first world war, kind of like each country will pull itself out uh what, well, not really true, because the german recovery and that very rapid economic growth that began in the late twenties in germany was associated with large-scale us loans and it was the great depression that led to the withdrawal of, uh, loans to the need to break the connection to the need immediately, and to pay huge sums and in fact. this caused the very powerful economic crisis in germany, which, as i said, eventually brought hitler to power. and so that

all countries all countries begin to fence off even more. uh, and including the british empire too. well, okay then. well, like me on the tongue what is called but after the war? and it is clear that the war is not there for freedom of trade. although it also happens, but after wars, uh, it comes like new rule. that's it, there are people again, countries are starting to open up again. i mean, here we are, but there will be a big war. let's hope there won't be, but the crisis will somehow pass and we can wait. phases of calls for opening here is china for example, just about that. true, he says more than to do and china india and china india talk about it, so maybe with the realignment that hmm is coming, but we don't know what form it will take, it's very possible that the new free trade slogans will come from others from other powers that will acquire a new the opportunity to put these old

logics into practice. well, that is work, trade purely privileges strongly, it turns out a large degree. so that. well then, let's get stronger. thank you very much, andrey and i talked. in europe, by the way, there was a loud scandal, arrests around and inside the european parliament, and the swedish chairman allegedly took money on charges of bribery. here are the boats for helping to get the world cup. well, you have to. the coat of arms of reuss from holland on the side of the ancient temple is written in large letters european democracy, but apparently the design could not stand the deputy of the european parliament eva kylie, who is suspected of corruption in the image of marilyn monroe ass. pidu this work of the artist from portugal vasco gorgala. slovak marian kamensky does not reduce the poop of the fight. all the same strong image of eva

potassium. well sweety, how about a good strong football championship another dutchman tom jansen from amsterdam to fish in troubled waters, it is clear that the sign in the lake says the european parliament patrick shabbat and switzerland with a new work before the assignment of the european parliament, security and safety measures. well, what are you saying, there is no metal inside the sheikh, only paper. in america, and from passion, everything is very intense and noisy tiring, however, our regular author dmitry vershinin went to where the eternal silence no , not to the north pole, but to the state of virginia silence is what the locals are proud of when they are asked what green bank is famous, no, car

engines are noisy here, they also talk. it's not a whisper here. speech, quite another silence about the zone, without jumalusa believes she has the best job in the world several times a week. it can climb the largest telescope on the planet at its highest point jil stands higher than the statue of liberty in new york at 160 million local telescope, the only one in the world that can completely turn around its own axis 17 million pounds rotate on this wheel, diameter plates 100 m². these are two football fields, the weight of the baby is 8.500 tons before it was delivered to west virginia from pennsylvania, where it was cast from steel, at the end in the fifties, several railway tunnels had to be expanded, the choice of location was based on distant enterprise criteria. it was supposed to be a valley surrounded by mountains on all sides to shield the telescope from radio interference, an area

with a small population and a declining trend, a place where they could legally limit the use of radio signals. and they found a green bank. a national radio silence zone was established in the late fifties then there wasn't much of a difference. unless radios were banned, but today this zone without higher cellular communication iphone is here, except that it will burn out like a lantern, and you need to look at the road in paper maps gps does not work and wired phones. there is in almost every home, this telescope itself is gigantic and incredibly sensitive located in an area relatively protected from radio interference. this makes it impossible to conduct research in any other place on the planet, but the observatory is accessible to scientists from anywhere in the world, so the research that is being carried out here. the revolutionary keith badger is one of scientists who regularly use the telescope, she

connects to the system from her home in texas, remotely points the dish in the right direction and collects data. i use this telescope to study gas clouds that migrate between galaxies. we recently studied a highly active cloud of type a, which is moving towards the milky way. this cloud contains 2 million times more gases than our sun, and therefore, under the circumstances, it can create new planets and stars, humanity still does not understand mechanism of formation of new stars and planets of greenbank telescopes. there is no way for scientists to look inside the gas formations where planets are born and inside these clouds there is a unique mixture of different chemical elements, including organic molecules. similar to what is on earth, many people with elevated. sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation comes to live here another similar place on

earth. no, the clover is going semi-apostate 5 years ago. she bought a house 10 km from the clover telescope, they say that she has an elevated sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation, so she got rid of all the technological achievements of the 20th century, when i started using a computer, i began to experience discomfort. here, especially in this part of the head, the tingling is official american medicine, until it recognizes the clover problem, but more and more people are moving to a quiet zone from the mainland to escape from 5g towers a month ago. they have a hope that silence. here, for a long time, the government allocated $ 5 million for the repair of the telescope, we will repair the wheels and strengthen the foundation on which the whole structure is located, i am sure that the repair of the telescope will be no less difficult than its construction, the engineers carefully. they study hard. what happened on a similar crack in russia was turika, it was destroyed after hurricane

irma 2 years ago, however, western virginia is considered the place least prone to natural disasters, so scientists and local residents hope for at least another 20 years of silence dmitry vershinin, especially for international review west virginia usa i would like to drop everything and go to the appalachians to be silent, but now they will stay for a while. see you next week in the international review. program typical ukraine we talk about what made ukraine the way we are today, we know typical and, of course, original. that's what we're interested in. hope it's interesting. sometimes

i see your programs.

always wondering where it all starts now?

on july 28, 1932, otto schmidt researchers vladimir lisa and captain vladimir voronin conceived finally pass from the white sea to the pacific ocean, and what is important to pass in one navigation? not only in the northern logistics, but also the entire dimension for the country's large projects, it is very diverse and very beautiful. from the point of view, since this

is the shortest route from europe to asia , transit by cargo of asian countries of europe will develop . i applied to the ministry of health, but at that time there were already problems with the delivery of drugs; in fact, people cannot get essential goods at the state border with ukraine. stable tense ukraine began to perceive pridnestrovie as a hostile territory, we began to help citizens coming from ukraine

dozens of strikes, dozens of hit targets, military facilities and critical infrastructure of ukraine , which is used, among other things, kharkov to the carpathians about the goals and consequences evgeny petrukhina. there are literally five of us, literally 5 minutes ago we also stood here near the metro station and heard explosions. and they actually report that it works well.