india has very strong relations with russia. they have been preserved for a very long time and, as they say, in any weather, nothing threatens them, because they are not only beneficial to both sides, but also necessary for stability in the region. russia is a long-standing and close partner and china and india cannot choose between them. and it will not be in our interests to contribute to overcoming their contradictions. true, beijing is in the middle. new delhi doesn't exactly need to be too big and proud. but to offer large, unifying initiatives. none does not interfere. so fantasy and imagination are strained after advertising about other big partners and even allies of the usa the european union, don't leave.

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interest rate sberbank is obviously profitable. the us will feel the whole world of the economy between them no less. suitable for the united states to western europe as a whole began to take shape immediately after the second world war, however, a declaration on relations with the european union. the so-called transatlantic charter was signed only in 1990. today, the us and europe are the largest trading partners in 2006. the eu accounted for 19% of us merchandise exports and more than 16% of imports, respectively, the share of the united states in

european exports was 24% in imports 15% among the eu countries the main partners are france germany italy and the united kingdom in investment cooperation the netherlands ireland great britain and luxembourg are in the lead services from the thirteenth to the sixteenth year, the united states tried to conclude european free trade agreements. the so-called transatlantic trade investment partnership, but agreement failed to reach donald trump buried the very idea, even promised to introduce a twenty percent duty on cars imported from eu countries, if europe does not remove trade barriers against american companies, then only after the visit of washington, the chairman of the european commission junker,

mutual claims. managed to withdraw then followed, a pandemic and an energy crisis. energy. another important area of ​​relations after the explosion of the nord stream gas pipeline, the united states has become the main supplier of gas to europe due to the sharp rise in energy prices, large european companies, in particular volkswagen concerns and serious bass, are heating up to move their production to the other side of the atlantic , some economists believe that this is? europe may become a new era of industrialization of europe prevention of inflation, adopted not so long ago by washington. in august, the president of the united states signed a

law to reduce inflation, which includes optimizing health care costs, tax reform and the transition to clean energy the white house plans to spend more than $ 700 billion on this, more than half of which will go to combat climate change and green technologies. allowing the united states to cut carbon emissions and meet its commitments under the paris agreement to finance lead 15% corporate tax for companies with revenues of more than billions of dollars a year the us will continue to introduce low-carbon and carbon-free energy sources to develop nuclear power, but democrats consider the main achievement in the world. in the healthcare sector, medica insurance holders can get a discount on expensive drugs or drugs that are released to the police in the event that

manufacturing companies do not want to reduce the price with it, they will withhold up to 95% of the income from sales of this drug, measures begin to work in january, but europeans. they cause confusion. they fear the law could lead to unfair competition, market closures and the disruption of critical supply chains that have just passed the pandemic test. these words of the head of the european commission usula fund, and the head of the committee on trade of the european parliament, generally called for complaining about the us to the wto . important and often decisive advantages over low. the price, for example, for the same electrons, analog benefits is a good symbol to bring

production to the united states. relations between europe and the united states are an important topic, but part of a larger plot, american actions are obvious manifestations of protectionism. but until recently, this word was almost abusive in the progressive world, it was the united states that acted as the flagship of free trade, requiring others to follow their example. why the approach has changed and how normal it is. if you look in retrospect. we have visiting today is our good friend historian. andrey serov andrey hello, and historically protectionism is generally that defense or attack? more like a defense. yes, of course, on the contrary, on the defense against competition from the strong, the defense of the weak is rather strong. well, if the strong ones, at the same time, increase their internal capabilities so much that they become weak, increase their capabilities, which becomes strong, then the slogan of freedom

of trade arises, then the vine of freedom arises there and when it first arose, by the way, and the first thoughts arose back in the 16th century in the south of europe, noise peter recalled francisco davidtoria the spanish monk, but that was a long time ago, and in industrial time in our modern world e great britain in the middle of the 19th century in 1846, the corn laws introduced in 1791 are canceled, and even earlier, press ricardo the great english economist. e, stated the key thesis free trade is necessary for development. e. each country has its own each society has its own comparative advantages and it is unnatural, and somehow fight the truth. and this

was there really freedom, or was it needed? and then we'll see here we limit here no. no , this was the real freedom of the british empire, but an amazing example. uh, truly genuine free trade. that is, they were sure of themselves. yes, yes, but in the united states, in general , protectionist ideas, how characteristic of political culture and there is to look at the history of the country, when they were at their maximum. they were maximum, as everywhere during the great depression the great depression began, the state strengthened the protection of its producers, which , by the way, economists began to understand very quickly already in the forties, and this depression aggravated, the economic crisis aggravated. in general, the united states of america was a protectionist power in the flesh until the post-war period. that is,

if you look at the whole history, then most of the history. america defended itself out and out. yes, but this slogan that now everything should be free. this is when they felt a world leader or a western leader there, i would say not only, therefore, i would say that during the second world war, when it was already becoming, it was clear that victory would come, it was not known exactly when it would come. e. people in washington are very different people people directly, people working in the presidential administration are intellectually connected with this new course of franklin roosevelt, they began to think about preventing a new new third world war, they began to think about creating. e, us- how would they say now steadily developing harmoniously developing post-war world, but remembered judro wilson.

by the way, who also spoke about uh, the evil of barriers. uh, about the need for equal access to the opportunities of all countries, as well. well, already then, as i said. economists understood the dangers of protectionism. here is the protectionism of such exclusively protectionism of the times of the great depression of a natural e, a reflex, you can say politicians to protect their own, and world trade in the thirties was very small, but and they are already this, that is, now economists say that it was bad. well, and so on. they understood that world trade needed to be revived, which would ultimately prevent such a crisis, which eventually led to the plasticizer. here they understand it very well. in the late nineties, against the backdrop of the development of globalization, the world economy grew steadily by an average of 5% per year. one of the key

areas was the production of high-tech products, the leaders were japan and the new industrial countries of asia, singapore gong and taiwan, while the center of world trade became western europe then exported nearly four times that of the us as a whole in the mid-nineties in terms of international trade. increased by almost 10%. largely due to the creation in 1995 of the world trade organization, which promoted liberalization and global economic cooperation. this period lasted until the global financial crisis of 2008, when, according to the un, in just one year, the volume of world trade fell by more than 10%, and world gdp by 2.6. for the first time since the second world war ii, since 2010, the structure of world export

flows has changed radically; trade relations have shifted from developed countries to developing the highest growth rates of merchandise exports, then the countries of southeast asia showed china south korea hong kong singapore and india, and world trade began to develop south, while the overall dynamics. remained sluggish current situation changed in 2018 when trade grew by 10% mainly due to recovery in oil prices, depreciation of the dollar and intensification of world production. however, the next year there was a decline again amid the escalation of the trade war between the united states and china. and a year later, the volume of global trade decreased due to the pandemic and quarantine. in any case, it is considered a philistine notion that the apogee of this e-slogan of free trade is the

eighties reagan, this neoliberal course, firstly, is this really so? uh, secondly, uh. and why exactly then e yes, it really is, and although the world before the first world war was a fairly free trade world of a truly inventive empire in the first place. although the same united states of america was a country of protectionism, germany was a country of protectionism. and just the whole world opens up from the eighties, and really in the nineties , when the former socialist camp also enters this world capitalist market, and these are these ideas that were expressed in the creation of the wto during the formation of states. agreement on tariffs and trade forty-seventh of the year, just after the war, to the world trade organization are associated with e, with economists with the

economic views of really neoliberalism of monetarism with the idea of ​​​​the benefits of free competition about the possibility of prosperity for everyone on what the world is not like. the americans themselves would say, not a zero- sum game, that mutually beneficial development is possible. in severe crisis. it's not at all clear. whether to persist, that is, we are now entering some kind of new protectionist cycle, or does it simply mean that the united states is losing self-confidence. they seem to be losing confidence . this was very evident in the election campaign and then how i didn’t expect this, and in the very actions of donald trump, to be honest, i didn’t expect, like, probably, many as by the way, like i read it, and the chinese experts didn’t

expect that the break will be real that it will come out beyond rhetorical slogans. and apparently, yes, apparently, the growing self-doubt, which we do not yet know what it will lead to. well, that is , it turns out that e biden in words, that he is the very antipode of trump, but in general, in principle, he has not really changed the slogans have changed, but the course of defense continues. it turns out that i think that it can be revised in other international conditions. that is, now you are becoming a hostage to the world in which you created, and we all created together, in which we found ourselves and already now we see how it's getting harder, isn't it? powers here on concessions. by the way, about other conditions. well, it turns out that, uh, the less order, the more desire to

fence off. yes, and probably yes. here and there, when the uk ceased to be a leader, and what are they, they switched to protectionism, or did they? no? anyway, it was not the thirties that was the time of protectionism. and there, too, yes, yes, the thirties. and as if the general e, reflex is general. and by the way, it’s the same today, but hmm, when one side takes some measures, other countries answer and, uh, brought and the twenties were a time, but the reduction in international trade and really high tariffs after the first world war, sort of, how each country will get out on its own. uh, well, not quite true, because the german recovery and the same economic growth is rapid , which began in the late twenties in germany, was associated with large-scale us loans and it was the great

depression that led to the withdrawal of loans, to the need to break the connection to the need immediately, and to pay huge amounts and actually. this caused the very powerful economic crisis in germany, which, as i said, eventually brought hitler to power. and so that all countries all countries begin to fence off even more. uh, including the british empire too. well, okay then. well, like me on the tongue what is called but after the war? and it is clear that the war is not there for freedom of trade. although it also happens, but after wars, after all, uh, there comes, as a rule, a new one. that's it, there are people again, countries are starting to open up again. i mean that here us, well, a big war, let's hope there won't be, but the crisis will somehow pass and we can wait. phases of calls for opening here is china for example, just about that. true, he says more than he does and china india and china india talk about it, so

maybe with the realignment that hmm is coming, but we don't know what form it will take, it's very possible that the new free trade slogans will come from others from other powers, who will gain a new opportunity to put into practice these old logics. well, that is work. trade purely privileges strong turns comes out to a large extent. so that. well then , let's get stronger. thank you very much, we talked with andrei in europe, by the way, there was a loud scandal around and inside the european parliament, arrests of even the vice-chairman on charges of bribes, allegedly taking money from the boat for assistance in obtaining the world cup. well, you have to. from holland, on the side of the ancient temple, european democracy is written in large letters, but apparently the design could not

stand the member of the european parliament eva kaili who suspected of corruption in the image of marilyn monroe ass. pidou, this work of the artist from portugal, vasco, gagged the words of marian kamensky, does not reduce the intensity of the struggle. all the same strong image of eva potassium. well sweeties, how about a good strong football championship another dutchman tom jansen from amsterdam to fish in troubled waters, it is clear that the sign in the lake says the european parliament patrick champade and switzerland with a new job before the task of the european parliament, security and safety measures. what are you saying there is no metal inside the sheikh, only paper. in america, and from passion, everything is very intense and noisy tiring, however, our regular author dmitry

vershinin went to where the eternal silence no , not to the north pole, but to the state of virginia silence is what the locals are proud of when they are asked what the green bank is famous, no, the engines of the cars here make the same noise and talk. it's not a whisper here. speech, quite different from the silence about the zone, without the radius jumaluzka believes that she has the best job in the world several times a week. she can to climb the largest telescope on the planet at the highest point jil stands higher than the statue of liberty in new york at an altitude of 160 million local telescope, the only one in the world that can completely turn around its own axis 17 million pounds rotate on this wheel, the diameter of the plate is 100 m². these are two football fields, the weight of the baby is 8.5 thousand tons before it was delivered to west virginia from

pennsylvania, where it was cast from steel, in the late fifties several railway tunnels had to be expanded, the choice of location was according to the criteria of distant enterprise. it was supposed to be a valley surrounded by mountains on all sides to shield the telescope from radio interference, an area with a small population and a declining trend, a place where they could legally limit the use of radio signals. and they found a green bank. a national radio silence zone was established in the late fifties then there wasn't much of a difference. unless radios were banned, but today this zone without higher cellular communications iphone is here. unless it will fit like a lantern, but you need to look at the road on paper maps, gps does not work and wired phones. there is in almost every home, this telescope itself is gigantic and incredibly sensitive, located in an area relatively

protected from radio interference. this allows you to conduct research is impossible in any other place on the planet, but the observatory is available to scientists from anywhere in the world, so the research that is being carried out here is re. keith badger, one of the scientists who uses the telescope regularly, she connects to the system from her home in texas remotely . points the dish in the right direction and collects data. i use this telescope to study gas clouds that migrate between galaxies. we recently studied a highly active cloud of type a, which is moving towards the milky way. this cloud contains 2 million times more gases than our sun, and therefore, under the circumstances, it can create new planets and stars. humanity still does not understand the mechanism for the formation of new ones. stars and planets of green bank telescopes gives scientists the opportunity look inside the gas formations where planets are born and inside these clouds

there is a unique mixture of different chemical elements, including organic molecules similar to those that many people with elevated levels have on earth. to electromagnetic radiation comes to live here another similar place on earth. no, clover. there is a semi-renunciate way of life 5 years ago. she bought a house 10 km from the clover telescope , they say that she has an increased sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation, so she got rid of all the technological achievements of the 20th century, when i started using a computer i began to experience discomfort. here, especially in this part of the head, the tingling is officially american medicine, until it recognizes the clover problem, but more and more people are moving to a quiet zone from the mainland to escape from 5g towers a month ago. they have a hope that silence. here, for a long time, the government allocated 5 million dollars for the repair of the telescope. we

will repair wheel flights and strengthen the foundation, on which all this construction is located, i am sure that the repair of the telescope will be no less difficult than its construction, the engineers carefully studied. yut what happened on a similar crack in russia was a turk , it was destroyed after hurricane irma 2 years ago, however, western virginia is considered the place least prone to natural disasters, so scientists and local residents hope for at least another 20 years of silence dmitry vershinin, especially for international review west virginia usa that would give up everything, but go to the appalachians are silent, but they time now stay until see you next week in the international review.

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vladimir putin got acquainted with the work of the joint headquarters of the armed forces participating in the military special operation, press secretary dmitry peskov said the president was working. there eve all day head of state. he listened to a report on the situation, held a meeting, held separate meetings with the commanders, addressing those present, vladimir putin said that he wanted to learn about their proposals for actions in the near future and in the medium term, together with the supreme commander in the joint headquarters, they worked, including defense minister sergei shoigu and chief of the general staff valery gerasimov