in general, the strike, which was attended by about 200,000 people. beginning in may, the country was engulfed by peasant uprisings. only to suppress the rebellious peasants of the nizhyn district of the chernigov province , the german command sent two regiments and a cavalry brigade; blind corners. they collected everything arbitrary price and behaved rudely cynical and causing conflicts that ended very tragically for the murdered comrades by the germans in a cruel style. skoropadsky is a good

professional military man, he is a grunt, he is a brave officer, this is his, but when he faced the need to consider the possibility of carrying out some kind of social agrarian reforms. he, of course, made steps very inept peasants, turned against himself, because in the first place the germans robbed. frankly speaking, the peasants, confiscating from them scott grain and in general everything that is possible is well described in a rich man , i issue a receipt to a russian pig that i confiscated another family from her, and so on, and it is natural that this e gradually undermined his regime. the helplessness of the central power and the cruelty of its european allies led to the appearance in ukraine of a huge number of all kinds of bows. the largest of them was led by the famous anarchist old man makhno in the eighteenth year,

his group grew to the size of an entire rebel army. except for the makhnovists in the vastness of the ukrainian state, while on july 30, in kiev , general eigorn was killed near his house, and his adjutant threw a bomb at them from a member of the socialist-revolutionary battle group. boris donskoy at the same time prepared an attempt on skoropadsky himself, but it was revealed. until now by the way, according to the literature, the numbers of the german-austrian army range from 350 to half a million. and even in the scientific literature, the figures are not exactly known; the same with the losses of german troops from 19 there up to 22,000 people, that is, the

germans practically lost two divisions during this time. naturally, there were many times more. salute why do miracles happen in life? here we are not a dog , miracles are happening right now. people share their festive mood and inspire each other to help when their beloved grandmother says that she is happy. the miracle is to remember this and thank the one who taught you to believe in yourself and win. it is a miracle to see the first love to inspire the first step.

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the russian state archives today are kept here that have come down to the ukrainian state. according to experts, most of the official documents of the hetman's government perished during the civil war. skoropadsky's personal archive , which he took to germany with the help of the germans, burned down during the bombing of berlin in 1945. therefore, each

documentary evidence of the era of his reign is of great historical value. before me is a unique historical document, this is a memoir of the highest officials of the skoropadsky government, written by them already in exile. in them, they talk in some detail and frankly about why the plan the creation of the ukrainian state in 1918 in the territories of the former south russian provinces completely failed among the main reasons, by their own admission, were the following total impotence and quarrelsomeness of the creators of the new ukrainian statehood , betrayal of the fundamental interests of the people in favor of the german and austrian occupiers, who treated ukraine as a cash cow and finally an attempt to impose on the russian population a narrow-minded primitive galician nationalism, which consisted solely in

repainting and rewriting russian signboards ukrainian sciences. here is what the mayor of odessa, vladimir mustafin, wrote about the first steps of the self-proclaimed central rada, as soon as possible, it was ordered to replace all russian signs on shops, banks, trade and educational institutions with ukrainian ones, yellow-blue flags were hung over government agencies everywhere. inside these institutions were pasted up in prominent places announcements about the prohibition to speak a language other than sovereign. created in each institution from a mixture of little russian and polish words brought the institute to life. the translators of russian newspapers were persecuted and the

artificial language that no one understood further removed the government and its agents from the population. skoropadsky and his entourage drawings by the artist yuri konstantinovich artsybushev, which he executed from nature in 1918 in kiev and depict members of the government of the gettomaskarpatsky government. is there also a unique drawing depicting the hetman himself? here he is dressed in a circassian coat with trump cards with a dagger on the search, and also signed by the artist, no, he is skoropad yuriy artsybushev 1918, kiev here is

such a curious document, a genuine letter, a hetman, all ukraine and cossack troops to the great don army, signed by the hetman of all ukraine and the kazakh army pavel petrovich skoropadsky august 13, 1918 in kiev, pavel skoropadsky himself did not know the ukrainian language and spoke only russian, however. he continued the ukrainization policy initiated by the central rada, but in a milder form, under him state universities were opened in kiev and kamyanets-podilsky ukrainian academy of sciences chair of the ukrainian language in kiev, kharkov and odessa universities later, while in exile. if we have a free development of russian and ukrainian culture, we can flourish, but if we now abandon the

first culture, we will be only a bedding for other nations and will never be able to create anything great, narrow ukrainianism is exclusively a product of a culture brought to us from golytsya it makes no sense for us to completely transplant. there is no data on success, and this is just crime pavel skoropadsky. in 1918, supporters of total ukrainization for the first time raised the issue of legislative consolidation of the supremacy of the ukrainian sovereign state. the use of the russian language they proposed to artificially limit this was sharply opposed by the minister of public education of the hetman's government mykola vasilenko, putting forward the idea of ​​cultural parallelism between

russian and ukrainian culture vasilenko said russian culture is deeply rooted in the minds of the ukrainian people. russian is the native language of the predominant part intelligentsia in ukraine moreover, a significant percentage of the population of ukraine speaks only this language. therefore, from the point of view of the state, to humiliate the position of the russian language or give it some secondary significance would not only be inappropriate, but downright harmful. i am opposed to the publication of a law on only one sovereign language. such a law, except for the confusion of harm and great difficulties in life , will bring nothing. both languages, russian and

ukrainian, should enjoy complete equality. in big cities there has always been widespread. high, russian culture. there has never been ukrainian culture, ukrainian culture in the form in which we know it. and now this culture, rustic, rural, embroidered shirts were worn by residents of rural areas of settlements, people who lived in cities and reached some level of development, as a rule . they went all the same, in different clothes, a cultured person gets access to books in russian, and to translated literature in russian, studying at universities in russian in gymnasium schools. he got access to gigantic cultural layer. and why did he have to give up all this for the sake of, even if it is dear to the heart, but still, this ruthless rural culture. x empire, the russian language also became native for a huge number of foreigners who moved to russia from

europe since the 18th century. after the annexation of crimea, the lands of novorossia, tired for centuries, became safe from wars and raids for the first time thanks to potemkin, who founded new cities and seaports, kherson nikolaev sevastopol ekaterinoslav. this is where rapid development began. industry and agriculture. in these frames , nicholas ii examines the first biosphere reserve in europe, askania novaya, created in the kherson province by the german colonist friedrich falfein, 2,000 species of animals were collected. some of them are very rare and are proudly shown to the russian emperor. nicholas ii, shocked by what he saw, awarded false wine the title of hereditary nobleman.

in total , almost 2.5 million germans lived in russia on the eve of the first world war, thanks to frugality, hard work and a sober image life. they made a huge contribution to the development of the southern provinces of the russian empire, for example, the odessa firm of johann hoehn became the largest manufacturer of agricultural machinery in the south, and the german entrepreneur gustav hartmann founded lugansk, a construction steam locomotive famous throughout russia . who worked here in 1918. they already behaved like real

robbers, because they were raked out. in september 1918, skoropadsky committed a trip to germany, here he wanted to get permission from the german authorities to create his own full-fledged army of up to 300,000 people. for this, in ukraine it was necessary to carry out a military conscription. the german generals reacted to his idea indifferently from ukraine, they needed something completely different, as much bread and other products as possible to continue the world war. the germans needed the signing of new supply agreements, which were already expiring by this time, and now,

indeed, on september 10th. these agreements were signed plus those sixty million poods that were prescribed. prior to that, deliveries were now registered. already 75 million poods got what they wanted, they still managed to rob ukraine for some time, the formation of troops. the hetman did not get it from him and a full-fledged army did not arise, which in many respects became the reason for his subsequent defeat. according to the memoirs of skoropadsky himself, before meeting with the kaiser , he was warned not to talk about business. at that time, the german emperor was more concerned about events on the western front. ukrainian hetman wilhelm ii awarded the order of the red eagle, which was usually awarded for faithful service to the prussian kingdom, was written by the chief of staff of skoropadsky

, general boris teletsky. from berlin, very satisfied with their trip, the authorities began to turn his head. in all likelihood, he began to believe in his mind and strength, and most importantly, no infallibility was composed in his honor and he was weary of power. in november 1918, after the defeat of germany in the world war, he lost his main support. the germans were no longer up to him. trying to

save the situation, skoropadsky began frantically looking for new allies. on november 14, 1918, the hetman, unexpectedly for many , issued a letter that proclaimed a new course towards a federation with russia and work to recreate the former greatness and strength of the all-russian state. when skoropadsky, at the end of his administration, began to actively contact representatives of the white movement, when, after the kapetsk truce, he spoke about the united mighty russia, he simply tried to rely on some kind of political and military force. the officer environment that made up the volunteer army was generally white the movement was in many ways much closer and more understandable, and the russian empires in one form or another were even at the risk of the public. she was much closer and more understandable to him than, uh, something incomprehensible. here, what the bolsheviks or someone else built, however, the whites at the head without money. and

the ukrainian nationalists, led by petliura, taking advantage of the neutrality of the germans, raised an uprising against the scarabat handful of officers and volunteers from among the kiev youth were the last defenders of the hetman's state from petliura's bantas on december 14 , 1918, at about 2 o'clock in the afternoon skoropadsky signed a manifesto about renunciation of power and fled from kiev. according to one of the most common versions, he left, he, along with the germans. having previously changed into a german uniform and bandaged his head so that no one would recognize him. his so -called, so-called historical tragedy turned out to be that he tried to sit between different chairs on the one hand, between ukrainians and between russians, between ukraine and russia, between the germans and the entente, respectively, the result is understandable, this is a fall. the rest of paul's life

skoropadsky spent a house of 15 rooms in berlin, germany and appointed a personal pension of 10,000 morocco gave a lecture on the history of ukraine and led the ukrainian union of bakers. in 1933, skoropadsky welcomed hitler's rise to power. in a telegram addressed to furet, he wrote that, connected with greater germany, the ukraine must, of course, preserve its agricultural character for all time. shortly before

the attack on the ussr, himmler offered skoropadsky to lead the ukrainian legion as part of the wehrmacht, the 68-year-old hetman. nominated opposite conditions. the legion should be an independent army of independent ukraine, but hitler did not answer him in the plans of the nazis, the fate of ukraine was a foregone conclusion. it was to become a disenfranchised colony. the territories with the ukrainian population were divided into several zones by the district of galicia , which entered the polish general government by the reich syriat ukraine and the transmission transferred to romania, the flight commissioner of ukraine became the

gauleiter of east prussia erich koch during his reign in ukraine, about 4 million civilians were destroyed almost 2 1 / 2 million people were taken to work in germany , 400 ghettos and 180 concentration camps were built. the german soldier conquered the ukraine to be able to here declared god. ukrainian nationalists actively helped to establish a new order for the germans in organizing the ukrainian nationalists of stepan bandera. from the inhabitants of predominantly western ukraine, not only punitive police detachments were created, but also a whole division of the ss galicia ukrainian nationalism. this one is

a mixture of such a rural farmer's nationalism with nazism. he is in character quasi religion. this is a creature that resembles the consciousness of adherents of some totalitarian sections with them. it is impossible to speak rationally; such people, as a rule, are not afraid to kill and die, and they are very easy to use for their own purposes. imagine that you have an army of your zombies that you can send. whenever the germans used ukrainian nationalists as cannon fodder or useful idiots, as soon as the un officials tried to proclaim the creation of a ukrainian state in lviv. german authorities. they were immediately arrested. the only person who is fighting and there are no ukrainian allies

on april 16, 1945, the 72-year-old hetman was mortally wounded in bavaria during an anglo-american air raid, his son daniel , who led the hetman movement, died in london in 1957. analyzing the failed experience of creating ukrainian statehood in the twentieth century, one of the closest associates of skarapatsky, ukrainian diplomat vyacheslav lypynsky, wrote ukrainian will bring the political idea of ​​ukraine to the death of being a

patriot. it means to wish with all your might his soul the creation of a human community of people who will live on ukrainian soil. being a chauvinist means covering up your spiritual emptiness and your inferiority, namely, betrayal of careerism, declassification with fanatical exclamations about ukraine, about ridnu mova, ukrainians washed about damned muscovites. and lyakhov god forbid you from this kind of nationalism, which can only bring what has already brought the ruin of ukraine

gennady

petrovich or just gena the gardener

about the main events of this minute in our in a news release in connection with the instructions of vladimir putin, the minister of defense ordered the troops to introduce a ceasefire for 36 hours from noon on january 6 to midnight on january 7 along the entire line of contact in the zone . therefore, russia calls on the ukrainian side to declare a ceasefire and give people the opportunity to attend the service on christmas eve, as well.