milling and all life today, in our opinion , is much more interesting to observe how life will change in the donbass, zaporozhye and kherson regions in the new russian regions with the help of a careful look at the history of novorossia. we will try to reveal the originality of her present day, to find in it the typical features of the new and recognizable signs of the past. and that's what we'll talk about today. history and geography, as fate, that with novorossia returned to russia, a conversation with an expert of the program the great administrators of a vast region, governor count raven. novorossia is the historical name of the regions

that became part of the russian empire in the 18th century following the results of the russian-turkish wars, the term itself was coined by catherine the great by her royal decree in 1764, the novorossiysk governorate of these lands was formed. they stretched along the northern coast of two seas, the black sea and the sea of ​​azov, and were conquered in different years from the crimean khanate and the ottoman empire in the west. they reached the moldavian principality. today, these are the western borders of the odessa and nikolaev regions in the center and in the north, covering the current zaporozhye, dnepropetrovsk, kirovograd and part of the kharkov region, and in the east, most of the dpr and lpr, the southern tip of historical novorossia. this is the crimea and part of the krasnodar territory, according to one of the versions of historians. the oak name novorossia

ekaterina followed the fashion of the 17th-18th centuries, then the open and annexed territories of the new world of north and south america were called new in relation to the metropolises. new england new holland new france and so on in the first capital of new russia. for a short time there was the current kremenchuk in 1776 was the city of yekaterinoslav was founded and named after st. catherine in soviet and ukrainian times in dnepropetrovsk, it became the administrative capital of novorossiya and for a short time, it was even called novorossiysk in the reign of paul i, when any mention of his unloved mother catherine was erased from the map, the name of his grandmother's beard, the grandson returned alexander the border of the novorossiysk province repeatedly changed the territory of the wasps. and they were settled by immigrants of

different nationalities, russian serbs, ukrainians, greeks, germans and many others. after the revolution of 1917 during the civil war, the land of novorossia was claimed by the ukrainian people's republic of the donetsk krivoy rog soviet republic, the odessa soviet republic and other short-lived political entities, as a result, most of the historical novorossia. the name novorossiya entered soviet ukraine, only history textbooks remained, and it began to be gradually forgotten in modern circulation. it reappeared after 2014, when crimea was part of historical novorossiya. he returned to his native harbor, in another part of it the donetsk and lugansk republics were formed , which, together with the territory of the kherson and zaporozhye regions, in september. 2022 became

part of the russian federation, so the southeastern region returned to russia four of the eight regions of its historical lands a more detailed look at the map and the history of this territory in the story of anna efimova april 2, 1764 on the creation and arrangement of a new province of the russian empire, subjects predictably suggest calling it catherine of slavs, the autocrat makes only one remark to call the province novorossiysk until the 18th century, these territories, in fact, were a wild field for centuries. nomads, and then the crimean tatars, were insensible here. since ancient times , the most important trade routes, the izyum chumatsky, ran through these lands. ways however, it has been unsafe to use them since the time. ivan

the great since the 15th century, along these routes, hundreds of thousands a year, on the slave market in the crimea , russian residents were taken to the paulon, just in the cafe of present-day feodosia, the most large slave market. e of europe and asia in general mediterranean. eh, this pool. and, of course, be patient. this position was impossible, and when hmm the question arose that russia should also gain a foothold in the south seas , there was simply no other choice, these attempts were made by peter i after the victory over the swedes in the northern war, russia gained a foothold in the baltic and then the king threw all his strength into strengthening the border of the state in the previously

conquered azov campaigns. peter they were dictated not only. interests of the russian state on its global policy is primarily the relationship of europe with the ottoman empire, that is, in this case, we were fulfilling a pan-european order. we pulled over that part of the tatar cavalry, which, under other circumstances, could hit on business. the same european holders for border protection. peter for the first time attracts not cossacks betrayal mazepa still left his mark, and the serbs and form the first serbian hussars subsequently accepted. zaveta petrovna colony-settlement where they will live will receive the name of the new serbia of the city of the serbian slavs, slavyansk were just given even under e, empress elizabeth eh? the so-called border guards are the cossacks analogue of the cossacks

who served in the austro-hungarian empire on the border, with the coming e, the horror of europe e, the turks in the service of the russian empire, the orthodox border guards crossed over very okhotny and for oppression and the policy of forcible labeling, which was carried out by the austrian crown . well, the head of the local administration, colonel s. a croat with a speaking surname was convicted, as they would say now, of embezzling you on an especially large scale, the money that st. petersburg allocated to support the settlers. he put in his pocket a historical fact that even reached hunger riots, but it was the corruption scandal that largely served to form novorossia. catherine ii decided to take the situation under her tight control by her decree novoselskoye settlement. and several more autonomies were transformed into the novorossiysk province. the locations have been completely replaced by management. the active settlement of the new

migrants were provided with significant benefits, the state paid for the relocation, exempted them from taxes and duties, guaranteed freedom of confession. they came to a territory where there was no superior agriculture, there were no familiar living conditions . hmm, completely different nature, climatic conditions. i mean, this is really it. new russia was called like that, because it was fundamentally different from all the usual russian territory with huge territorial acquisitions. at the same time, they demanded a lot cash injections and before the victory in the russian turkish war, the ambitious project novorossiya. still, to some extent, he remained a pig in a poke. however, after the ottomans were defeated, russia not only received a full access to the black sea, but also the right to hold. there is a merchant fleet and a navy. this predetermined the need for the speedy development of the region. the case was entrusted to the most illustrious prince. zyu grigory potemkin, who dreamed of turning the former wild field into a flowering niva, and i must say he

succeeded. novorossiya in the fight against by the ottoman empire e the annexation of the crimea just grew into a huge cultural and historical territory on which cities were founded such as odessa kherson uh, mariupol melitopol well, of course uh, elizavet grad aleksandrovsk is the current zaporozhye simferopol and uh, because uh, the city worthy of worship, the city of glory of russian sailors, sevastopol was actually the last place. uh, the last such golden klondike not only industrial, but also a klondike of meanings in europe at

the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. started here active search for coal and rue in 1795 started the construction of the lugansk foundry, which became the starting point for the development of south russian metallurgy. the region becomes not only an agrarian, but also an industrial center, first of the russian empire, and then of the soviet union, in which the historical lands of novorossia, along with people and factories, were by default included in the just artificially created os of the ussr after the collapse. union, all this, respectively, did not go to fallow. industrial mines privatized enterprises, he continued to squeeze the last resources out of them, they also did it with a population with only one difference in the samastin nineties , they tried to nationalize it. that, well, 30 years of life as part of independent ukraine it would seem that

they could translate the uh population into ukrainian , because it is not difficult for a native speaker of russian to master the ukrainian language, if the person is an incomplete idiot, then switch to the ukrainian language. maybe if he did not want to speak ukrainian by the mid-nineties in the state of independent ukraine , then he did not want to. it is known that the story develops in a spiral and sometimes a feeling, deja vu is inevitable. once upon a time, the formation of novorossiya was finally predetermined by the annexation of crimea. well , today it seems that the annexed crimea determines the future of russia, on the contrary, popova is typical of novorossiya. about what novorossiya became in its time for russia and why this term has returned to active circulation today, we will talk with our permanent expert, historian and political scientist alexander vasiliev. good afternoon sasha,

hello, why is this term novorossiya, despite the fact that it has been more than 100 years old, it has not been active. eh, turnover, and, perhaps, was remembered only by historians. why he again today returned to the political lexicon already in the first edition of the great soviet encyclopedia. it was indicated there that novorossiya is an obsolete term up to this point. this term was in full use. moreover, you know, it was not only of an official nature, because by the beginning of the 20th century we had an administrative unit, which was called that way; the general government was no longer there, but that was the name of the firms, there was the novorossiysk society or there was a russian factory. this is the term jion. he used his literature, that is, let's say, and there the phrase there was the coast of novorossiya, bunin, or then such an amashek. well, kataeva was already in soviet times, but nonetheless. that is, it was in everyday life, and suddenly, literally for 10 years the word is declared obsolete. yes? why because it did not correspond, but to the leninist national policy, that is, the idea was that it was all ukraine yes,

respectively, no heaped up. maybe, yes, the functionaries said that the word novorossiya was forgotten, and then, you know, such an amazing thing, but there was just one such flash, literally, when this word was again, as it were, returned to e, such everyday life. these are the years of the great patriotic war. yes , oddly enough, but such a patriotic upsurge, but of the late stalin years. remember when filmed such big, which means films. here is admiral ushakov, yes, the film begins with a scene, petersburg, the governor of rossel, prince of kittens, urgently arrived to me in the report of the empress. and this is the fiftieth year. that is, the soviet audience has been telling him until now that there is no news at all. she needs to forget this word altogether. take out of use and then suddenly, without any explanation, they talk about it. yes, why, because it is impossible to describe such well, the best pages of russian history on brighter victories yes, and it’s easy to lose this word impossible. yes, books about suvorov appeared where

it began to be used, and so on and so forth, but then again after that some kind of wave came down, which means that the word seems to have been wiped out and now it has finally entered the political lexicon. and they introduced, well, according to my feelings in 2004, they introduced it for a very simple reason. so, when they calculated the results of the elections in ukraine, yushchenko against yanukovych , when electoral geographers put on the map, just the results of the vote, you all just know how they gasped? yes, because e is a map of that very e novorossiysk province there of the era of paul or there is a governor-general, and of the later a of the 19th century. it just just showed through, but it became on this electronic card. it is clear that behind this is something more than just momentary. there is even the intervention of the west there, there is a struggle of some clans, that is, clearly under this most powerful historical foundation and this historical foundation turned out to be the region that, in certain real

historical circumstances, took shape, acquired certain features and preserved these features, despite the fact that the name of this region have tried. uh, to lose for 100 years, uh, erase and so on, yes, but i repeat, they lost only the name, but the essence that was hidden behind it. she's not going anywhere . and how correct it is to call today those territories that became part of the russian federation, because this is, well, only a part of the historical new russia, novorossiya, as an administrative unit. for the first few decades of its existence, it was extremely mobile in terms of its specific outline boundaries. the internal structure of the administrative, and, firstly, it constantly expanded by 80. the first year of the reign of alexander i was constant perturbations, that is, they were looking for the optimal form, then they already came to three, so to speak, canonical provinces, yekaterinoslav kherson tauride, plus . uh, then bessarabia. yes, it's formal

. rather informally. i would say the capital. it's just that the place of residence of the governor general became, odessa yes, which was. well, so to speak, not even a provincial city. that is, it was all constantly in the dynamics of the name. i think it is absolutely correct, because it is embedded in them today. e. the same idea that was actually planted. here is another implementation by ekaterina and byputkin . this uh, the idea justifies this is the use of this name novorossiya. the administrative structure was very mobile, dynamic, the borders changed in the eighteenth-nineteenth century. and what in it always remained unchanged, what was it yes, a must for novorossia, not the mentality of the black sea fleet. and that is, it's just that force, thanks to which it took place. and which then stood guard, uh, this region. yes, and the fleet is based in sevastopol, but in order to build this fleet, it needs to be built in nikolaev

. and as the main thing in that era, it means an energy carrier. yes, this is donbass, this is such a triangle with us, which was superimposed between the black sea, donbass, and crimea. he became like this, well, a peculiar design, which connected it all and was already superimposed on it. and there, well, moments like i don't know. for example. uh, vladimir dal yes , i really like to give this example - this is a check, the father of whom he arrived. uh, to work as a doctor at the lugansk plant, and then he moved. yes, he then moved to nikolaev because both the plant and, in fact, belonged to the maritime department within the framework of this department. they rotated there and then the distance itself began, like a naval officer, by the way, the black sea officer of the baltic fleet, and then became one of the people who created canon of the russian language wrestling. yes, today for the news. she starts saving the russian language. here is what the distance once created as a native, from there. it turned out to be very valuable for people who are here in this space,

but continued to live and continue to live to this day and is so valuable that they were ready to stake everything on this card, just to fight . interesting story. novorossia is perhaps the most rapidly developing territory of the russian empire; new cities, the black sea fleet was being built, vast fertile lands were plowed up and developed. all this needed clear administration and strict centralized management of the borders of novorossia, which changed several times during the reforms of the russian empire. this territory was both a separate province and part of the yekaterinoslav governorate and novorossiysk, the bessarabian governor-general, which united the black sea lands in 1874, having existed for about a hundred years as a single

administrative unit, novorossia, was abolished, and the administration of kherson ekaterinoslav tauride and bessarabian provinces began to be carried out on a common basis. the most famous administrator of this region was the governor of yekaterinoslav, prince grigory potemkin, tavrichesky, in total, novorossiya was ruled at different times by 15 governor-generals. among them is the favorite of catherine the great, the commander of the black sea fleet, platon of the teeth, general of the cavalry. ivan khelson, who managed to pacify. the pugachev uprising was led by french aristocrats who fled the revolution in the 19th century. emmanuel before decided and alexander lanzheron both did a lot for the development of odessa and their names are immortalized on the map of the city. for almost 20 years,

count mikhail sergeevich vorontsov was governor-general of novorossiysk about this extraordinary man officials and managers in olga mokhova's story staircase stock exchange, primorsky boulevard, the first public library, many of the iconic buildings in odessa owe mikhail vorontsov, governor-general of novorossia. the earl was appointed on may 19, 1823. at that time , 2 million people lived here near voronsovo. this figure will double, and the region itself still retained traits of the wild. fields, not everything worked out right after novorossia began to develop in the dark. yes, but it actually turned out to be at the beginning of the 19th century, in general, it was launched, because, to put it mildly, it was not up to new russia, at the beginning of the 19th century, the napoleonic wars, and hmm, and the region turned out to be, in general, such an ownerless. yes

, the fleet was not the best of times. the half -virgin novorossiysk territory, waiting only for a skillful hand, so the vorontsovs write about mikhail vorontsov in the encyclopedia of enemy and efron in the 18th-19th centuries. surname significant from twelve chancellors of the russian empire, two representatives of this noble family, but even against the background of his famous family, mikhail vorontsov, a personality outstanding about vorontsov, then honor is a duty - this is perhaps. the most important thing, given that he was an aristocrat, as such cases say, aristocratic blood and just from high society. the highest cream that was, but at the same time it was the man who served russia as the son of the russian ambassador in london , mikhail vorontsov, who received a good education in england he could have stayed there, but he decided to enter the military service in russia, and in the lower rank he could serve in the guards in st. petersburg, but on his own initiative he went to the caucasus , he was noted in many major battles, he

was not wounded once. and he was distinguished by concern for the soldier, he was distinguished, personal. honesty. he. as a matter of fact, as you know, he paid off all the debts of russian officers, so to speak, with his own funds, when the army itself left france in 1818. actually, alexander i knew that it was on him one can rely on, novorossia is in many ways a fertile region, but it is experiencing a shortage of water and forests, and the climate is not easy, but even in such conditions, vorontsov risked betting on horticulture and viticulture. he established the production of fruits in the volumes necessary for the empire, revived the innocent factories built back in the dark, the famous crimean muscat modera sherry dessert wines become popular brands in russia with this question, just hmm mikhail semyonovich vorontsov decided. try to fight in order to at least level up in percentage terms. profit from the

production of one's own wine, although in order to make it equal to the production with the cost of it, the passion to be these are perhaps the main characteristics of mikhail vorontsov's activities in novorossia, on his initiative, in 1823, the first steamship nadezhda will come here along the dnieper soon. it will begin to run regularly between nikolaev and odessa, carrying passengers and small cargoes, then a fairly large number of ships will appear, which will actually cover all routes to the donai and to constantinople and the caucasus novorossiysk e, crimea, respectively, that it will all be the merit of vorontsov. the development of trade in the black sea region to ensure the passage of russian ships through the tourist straits are becoming the subject of his special attention. and, of course, odessa privoronsovo.

here, the regime of the port of frank will fully work, the right of a duty-free university and the export of goods, and the city will become one of the centers of europe. i must say that odessa has gained trade. here are some crosses, but then under evans conditions. here the personal factor will be decisive if we we come to odessa and i have been there several times ; we see exactly vorontsov's odessa, not exactly potemkin's, but rass's' odessa . young pushkin, exiled to the south of russia, arrived under the supervision of count vorontsov, whether one was jealous or the other, but the result of their communication was the poet’s evil epigram on the count. researchers still do not agree on what really happened in odessa between vorontsov, his wife elizabeth and the loving pushkin, vorontsov insisted that pushkin a be

sent from southern exile to his own estate mikhailovskoye in mikhailovsky pushkin, in general, became a great poet. so by and large. we can say that mikhail semyonovich vorontsov also gave us the sun of russian poetry. in addition to the crimean muscat, pushkin 's epigram, meanwhile, could not and could not cross out the main thing novorossia is rich in many ways. today it was laid under the governor-general vorontsov. obviously understanding. this is already in 1863. odessans erected a monument to him with an inscription to the most serene prince grateful compatriots olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev is a typical novorossia. that's all we wanted to talk about. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. see you soon, dear viewers of the russia 24 channel, i want to inform you that during the new year

holidays, the channel will show a whole selection of our broadcasts of our programs. uh, besogon tv a from the golden collection. well, i hope it will be interesting for you to remember what we are talking about you said, i look forward to seeing you. naughty two

quiet lives

and vladimir putin came to worship at christmas the annunciation cathedral of the moscow kremlin the temple is located on cathedral square it began to be built in the 14th century it was lit in honor of the annunciation of the blessed virgin mary was the first home church of the moscow grand dukes and tsars of the iconostasis the cathedral. one of the oldest in russia, the authorship of several icons is attributed to andrey rublev.