and he asked beria to give instructions on such an organization of work that would correspond to the capabilities and significance of our great state in world culture, soon things got off the ground, important resolutions of the state defense committee were adopted, and lavrenty palychberia personally became the head of the atomic project on the fact that kurchatov essence. he himself chose his leader indirectly indicated a number of documents. and recently, historians of the kurchatov institute found direct confirmation of their guesses. in the scientist's safe an inconspicuous document was kept among the drafts for 1944 in one of the points that he indicated unequivocally through the head of work on the use of atomic energy inside his comrades.

back in march 1942, beria informed stalin about what work was being done in the atomic sphere abroad and how far the american and british scientists managed to advance. information about the american nuclear program was obtained by the best personnel of the soviet foreign intelligence. truly draconian security measures to protect information about the wiring, the very person who can provide the atomic project with the necessary scale coordination of speed and secrecy, despite his exclusive position in the party government, beria found time for personal

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withstanding extreme loads, this is how it works with engine oil such a hole, such a hole, original japanese quality for your car. closely watch for the first violations of the prostate, if you get up more than twice at night . in august 1945, the united states made mankind shudder twice with horror. dropping nuclear bombs first on the japanese city of hirashimov, and after 3 days nagasaki killed hundreds of thousands

of people. the soviet leadership understood that the only way to stop the united states was to create the same formidable weapon, so the atomic project immediately became the highest state priority. kurchatov himself begins to work at the limit of human capabilities, a special committee headed from august 1945 to july 53 held more than 140

meetings until the day of his arrest; this is a state machine. more than a thousand resolutions were adopted and the kurchat took part in all meetings in all orders. under them , kurchatov took part in the preparation and relied on his knowledge, his experience, his approach, that is, no papers were prepared without gloves. the critical one is important, since our countries were in a position to solve the problem of creating atomic weapons. in the same year, for

security reasons, kurchatov built a two-story mansion right on the territory of secret laboratory number two, which everyone began to call a hut. forester. the first post-war meeting, when the first reactor was launched, was a housewarming party for this house, which means the new year. we met on the eve of the forty- seventh year on december 31. so they opened the tables from this window to the opposite one, and the entire institute of atomic energy. the bread is in place. here in these two rooms. in 1946. kurchatov sent all the forces of laboratory number two to create the f1 uranium graphite reactor. what does the physical world mean on it ?

400 tons of graphite blocks and 50 tons of uranium rods were built underground at a depth of ten meters. they were manually laid. the work went around the clock in the strictest secrecy . the object was listed as an assembly workshop or a building to the kurchatov building, according to the memoirs of laboratory number two employees, a special encryption system was used. the boiler was called an electrolyzer. instead of the word uranus , they said silicon, and all the participants in the assembly of the reactor, the youngest of whom was only 15 years old. wrote a non-disclosure agreement about the nature of the work being carried out. here this is the f1 reactor the first physical actually. it was absolutely the main foundation stone for the creation of the nuclear industry. you and i must understand that the nuclear industry has emerged. from this little building. this small

building was the main thing that kept the peace on earth and that it took kurchatov only 16 months to leave our country as a sovereign state. the periscope from the submarine of those times during the war, yes, the forties is a periscope that you can watch what is happening there, and up there it is happening, like the upper part of the reactor here kurchatov looked through the periscope, saw the height of the rods and looked and listened to see if the reaction went, if suddenly the reactor went into a runaway and began to go, roughly speaking , in the direction of an atomic explosion, then further here lay, an ax with which these cables were cut and the rods fell from above and jammed the reactor, the americans drag them in with the help of complex expensive mechanisms and just for reconnaissance, in this case, show how they do it. complicated what to do? so it is not necessary. it will be difficult and expensive. see here for you an example from this console on the evening of december 25, 406 . kurchatov launched the first

nuclear reactor in eurasia, scientists or uranus with graphite spoke in russian atomic energy, obeyed man. the next day, beria arrived at laboratory number two to see with his own eyes the controlled chain reaction of the fission of uranus, but since it can be tracked only by instruments, he was not impressed by the arrows. as they say, the bulbs are deflected, the tubes are flashing, he recalled that when leaving, igorek told kurchat when he would be. after 3 days, kurchatov wrote in leadership of the country with the help of a graphite boiler built by uranium. we are now in a position to solve the most important questions and problems of the industrial production and use of atomic energy rudder intelligence. in this

case, you can not underestimate without intelligence. we could have been fooling ourselves into the body for a very long time in intelligence, which made it possible, since the americans were ahead, it showed the path they were following, he was right. we knew for sure that we had to go quickly to make a bomb. here in this alignment and intelligence - it was a searchlight that allowed kurchatov. reconcile the calculations, further experience in the operation of f1 made it possible to begin construction in the urals in the city of ozersk of an industrial-scale reactor a1, which scientists. affectionately called annushka, by the summer of 1949 , about 4 kg of plutonium was separated from uranus lost in it. khariton in arzamas 16 now, the city of sarov, the first nuclear bomb was manufactured in august 1949, the first soviet

atomic bomb was delivered by rail to kazakhstan at the semipalatinsk training ground in conditions of extreme secrecy. here, as yefim slavsky recalled these events at that time, the deputy head of the first main directorate of the representative of the ministers of the ussr, in anticipation of a test for everyone and was terribly excited, especially igor vasilyevich experienced this was noticeable. he looked pale, haggard, very nervous, although he tried not to show his mind, i remember leaving for the test. he came to say goodbye to us, brought cognac to drink and speaks for our common deeds for good luck. and he is like a stretched string. kurchatov and his entire team were not sure until the very end that the bomb would explode. august 1949, the first

soviet atomic bomb is tested. on this day, a new nuclear power with an atomic monopoly was born. the usa was finished. they were sure the soviet union would be able to create nuclear weapons no earlier than 1953 and miscalculated for almost 5 years the news about the tests of a nuclear bomb in the ussr became a shock for them peacefully on the planet after the second world war or our great patriotic war has survived since then only because kurchatov does, of course, he is not alone, but nevertheless kurchatov's personality is obvious absolutely she was going to. successful work on the creation of the soviet atomic bomb not only made it possible to establish nuclear parity with the americans. well, it prevented the atomic bombing of the soviet union. according

to the dropshot plan developed in 1949, that is, an instant strike of 300 nuclear bombs was supposed to be dropped on 100 soviet cities in january 1957, a nuclear attack on the soviet union was supposed to destroy 10 million people. and 85% of the industrial potential. if you hadn’t had our bombs, we would have you were not in this sense either, the role of kurchatov, she was a civilizational adversary, was preparing a powerful nuclear potential for an attack on our country. however, the test of the soviet atomic bomb carried out in 1949 sobered up the aggressor, and the subsequently achieved nuclear

parity forever saved the world from nuclear war. after testing a nuclear bomb, kurchatov took a vacation for the first time from the atomic project, and then entered into a new scramble with american scientists, took part in the creation of a hydrogen or thermonuclear bomb and , at the same time, began to engage in the fact that planned from the very beginning of work on the bomb projects for the peaceful atom. from the memoirs of academician anatoly alexandrov, a participant in the atomic project, kurchatov formed not only the scope of work to solve the problem and create an atomic bomb, but also to design accelerators for the prospect of exploration work on nuclear energy for various purposes, a person should have a goal to continue to live, and then global things are done, making a bomb, he and a galaxy of led people thought about how to use it

for the benefit of mankind and from here arose a mass new things nuclear energy now and navy or space business. the country's soviet scientists , atomic engineers completed. the city of obninsk , kaluga region now it is a well-known science city, and until the mid-fifties it was a village here. she became after the world's first nuclear power plant was built in her vicinity on the territory of a secret laboratory. why exactly here is the first nuclear power plant - this is when they were looking for a place where, in order to shorten the movement of igor vasilyevich kurchatov to him, as far as i understand it was forbidden to fly on an airplane. that is, it is a special armored car or a special car. and, in order to reduce the time for moving, they were looking for a place, nevertheless, somewhere closer to moscow, especially for kurchatov, half a kilometer from the future station, they built a house; he rarely happened here, but

before the launch of the nuclear power plant, he lived for almost a month . june 1954 . at that moment, kurchatov was here in the control center next to the console, and when smoke appeared from the chimney and congratulated everyone on the light steam. the capacity of the obninsk nuclear power plant was only 5 mw, but it was the first in the world and its launch laid the foundation for new directions in the use of atomic energy - nuclear medicine, this is space. this and large nuclear power plants are already more powerful, that is, these are the first and second units of the beloyarsk nuclear tatarstation. this is the bilibino type leicester, central chukotka is built on permafrost. that is, it is a whole range of directions.

for western colleagues, the first nuclear power plant became a sensation. delegations from different countries were in a hurry to here to see how the energy of the atom works for peaceful purposes, while at the same time, work on the creation of new weapons did not stop. the first soviet thermonuclear bomb was tested on august 12, 1953.

on the initiative of kurchatov, studies were carried out on the consequences of thermonuclear explosions. in 1963, the first international agreement on the limitation of nuclear weapons was signed. he has noble goals for the progress of human society, the discovery of the possibility of using atomic energy, the greatest achievement of our era. so let us work on the further development of this discovery only for peaceful purposes, in order to improve the life of its condition for all the peoples of the world. in the mid fifties. kurchatov led the development of a program for the development of nuclear energy throughout the soviet union. but most of all he was then occupied

by the completely fantastic idea for those times, the creation of a reactor that would make it possible to use the energy of thermonuclear fusion for life. and in this regard, of course, the work that was carried out by kurchatov, he perfectly understood that it is not a limitation of his life. this future generation will unite scientists from all countries to create the energy of the future for this very purpose. in 1956, kurchatov, as part of the soviet delegation, went to england, he called on foreign colleagues to work together in the field of thermonuclear fusion. the decision on international cooperation in the field of

nuclear research was made in 1958 at the geneva peace conference then, in the late fifties, the physicists of the kurchatov institute shared with the whole world the technology for creating thermonuclear reactors. it is assumed that thanks to takomaks humanity will be able to get an inexhaustible source of clean and safe energy. well, the word itself is such a toroidal camera with magnetic coils, which was also born at our institute in the fifty-eighth year. igor nikolaevich lavin can he say the author of this term. and it has already entered the scientific lexicon. e, all over the world, an employee of the international project ir, within the framework of which the largest tatamak on the planet is being built in the south of france in provence, the idea, the creation of which belongs to academician eugene

velelikhov, director of the kurchatov institute in the nineties, the only thing we are talking about is tamara, look at this building, where is the building up to kamaz, where do scientists sit, where do they gather? that team is everywhere. the reactor, which is called the artificial sun , involves 35 countries, including russian scientists, who speak different languages, work together for a better future for children. after the return of kurchatova from england, the story of secret laboratory number two ended in 1956. here appeared a sign institute of atomic energy, by this time, scientists had already suffered two strokes, which they called microcontacts. igor vasilievich kurchatov

already felt bad, he walked around the territory. e with a wand was accompanied by a secretary and a dog of a noble breed, a cur. the kurchatov institute preserved a notebook with exercise schemes that doctors recommended to kurchatov to do. they also categorically forbade him to work hard, but igor vasilyevich was not the most obedient patient, there were cases when his phone was taken away. here's a scandal demanded that my phone was returned to him there they forbid me to take notes on purpose. here they made such a book for him disguised as a thick volume of memories, javaha. leroux really. there was a box inside, which means that it was possible to put sheets

of paper there . kurchatov lived with science until his last breath, inspiring him to new achievements. pupils, despite this state of health, do not say vasilievich visited the laboratory. and then he also came to our laboratory and to us boys, of course, it made a very big impression when there were people. e, it would seem that he is recognized as having a very high position, but in fact their eh, the core is interest. to science. we show the death mask of kurchatov for the first time on television, the russian genius who changed the course of history passed away on february 7 , 1960. at the age of 57, his name

was given not only to the institute of atomic energy, but also the beloyarsk nuclear power plant to the village where the kursk npp was built for scientific research. the tel ship and even the crater on the moon, he was able to influence the fate of hundreds of thousands of people and many futures.

the great russian actress inna churikova passed away, one of the most talented and charismatic actresses died today in the hospital, condolences to relatives and friends were reported at the lenkom theater, and vladimir putin sent a telegram to churikova that the death of the

great and popularly beloved actress irreparable loss and a huge loss for all of us her outstanding work not on the stage and in the cinema is an example of true art of inspiration of enormous dedication. we will forever keep a good memory of e, and not mikhailovna churikova, a bright, talented, sincerely generous person, the president noted condolences to the relatives of the actress, prime minister mikhail mishustin also sent defense minister sergei shoigu, speaker of the federation council valentina matvienko and president of belarus alexander lukashenko and churikova became one of the greatest actresses modernity, recognized throughout the world. she was in control of everything.