important resolutions of the state defense committee were adopted, and lavrenty pavlovich beria personally became the head of the atomic project, while kurchatov , in fact, chose his own leader indirectly indicated a number of documents, and recently historians of the kurchatov institute found direct confirmation of their guesses. in the safe of the scientist , an inconspicuous document was kept among the drafts for 1944 in one of the points that he indicated unambiguously directly by the head of work on the use of comrades inside atomic energy. well, this one the document is presented by the manager for use. back in march 1942, beria

informed stalin about what work was being done in the atomic sphere abroad and how far the american and british scientists managed to advance. information about the american nuclear program was obtained by the best personnel of the soviet foreign intelligence . truly draconian security worlds to protect information about their work. however, the soviet scouts were able to bypass all these obstacles. and get the much-needed materials to create a soviet nuclear shield. kurchatov understood that beria was exactly the person who could provide the atomic project with the necessary scale and coordination of the speed of secrecy, despite his exceptional position in the party government in the world

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on august 45 the united states forced humanity will shudder twice with horror. having dropped nuclear bombs first on the japanese city of hiroshima, and after 3 days on nagasaki, the only time a bomb was dropped on people. this is not thought done americans killed hundreds of thousands of people. the soviet leadership understood that it was possible to stop the united states only by creating the same formidable weapon, so the atomic project immediately

became the highest state priority. kurchatov himself begins to work at the limit of human capabilities, a special committee headed by august 1945. oh july 53 before the day of his arrest, he held more than 140 meetings, they already spoke by themselves, that is, they worked. this state machine was adopted by more than a thousand decisions and in all denmark. took part in all orders. under them, kurchatov took part in the preparations and relied on his knowledge, his experience, his approach, that is, no papers were prepared without a key. the critical one is important, since our country was in a position in solving the problem of creating atomic weapons.

in the same year, kurchatov, for security reasons, right on the territory of a secret laboratories two built a two-story mansion that everyone began to call the forester's hut. the first post-war meeting, when the first reactor was launched, was a housewarming party for this house, which means the new year. we met on the eve of the forty- seventh year on december 31. so they opened the tables from this window to the opposite one, and the entire institute of atomic energy of those years fit. here in these two rooms. in

1946. kurchatov sent all the forces of laboratory number two to the creation of the uranium graphite reactor f1. what does the physical world mean on it plutonium stuffing for the future of the bomb was already produced in weight quantities for safety reasons, the reactor was built under at a ten-meter depth, 400 tons of graphite blocks and 50 tons of uranium rods were laid manually, the work went around the clock in the strictest secrecy in the documents, the object was listed as an assembly workshop or a building to the kurchatov building, according to the recollections of employees laboratory number two used a special encryption system, the boiler was called an electrolyzer. instead of a word. uranus spoke to them, and all participants in the assembly reactor, the youngest of which was only 15 years old. wrote a

non-disclosure agreement about the nature of the work being carried out. here is the f1 reactor, physically the first actually. it was absolutely the main foundation stone, the creation of the nuclear industry must understand that nuclear originated. from this little building. this small building was the main thing that kept peace on earth and that left our country as a sovereign state for the construction of this most complicated kurchatov installation, it took only 16 months for a periscope from a submarine of those times war, yes, the forties is a telescope that you can see what is happening there, and up there, like the upper part of the reactor, here kurchatov looked through the periscope, saw the height of the rods and watched and listened to see if the reaction went, if suddenly the reactor would go into spacing and would begin to go , roughly speaking, in the direction of an atomic explosion, then further here lay, an ax with which

these cables were cut. and the rods fell from above and silenced the reactor. case to show how they do complex what to do? so it is not necessary. it will be difficult and expensive. you see, here is an example from this console on the evening of the twenty-fifth of december 46. kurchatov launched the first nuclear reactor in eurasia, scientists called. uranium with graphite spoke in russian atomic energy, obeyed man. so the next day , beria arrived in laboratory number two to see with his own eyes the controlled chain reaction of the fission of uranus, but since it can be tracked only by instruments, the sight did not impress the shooter. how they say the light bulbs are blinking dubovsky, he recalled that when he came out, vera said curly and a burner when he would. after

3 days, kurchatov wrote to the country's leadership with the help of a graphite boiler built by uranus. we are now in a position to solve the most important questions and problems of the industrial production and use of atomic energy. in this case, it is impossible to evaluate without reconnaissance for a very long time, reconnaissance made it possible.

by the summer of 1949, about 4 kg of plutonium had been separated from uranus lost in it. from it , under the leadership of yuli kharitonov in arzamas 16 now, the city of sarov was made the first nuclear bomb. in august 1949, the first soviet atomic bomb was delivered by rail to kazakhstan at the semipalatinsk training ground under conditions of extreme secrecy. here, as yefim slavsky recalled these events at that time, the deputy head of the first main directorate of the representative of the ministers of the ussr, in anticipation of a test for everyone and was terribly excited, especially igor vasilyevich experienced this was noticeable. he looked pale and special, he was very nervous, although i tried not to show the mind i remember, leaving for the test. he came to say goodbye to us, brought

cognac to drink and speaks for our common deeds for good luck. and he himself is like a stretched side. kurchatov and his entire team were not sure until the very end that the bomb would explode. on august 29, 1949 , the first soviet atomic bomb was tested. on this day, a new nuclear power with an atomic monopoly was born. the usa was finished. they were sure the soviet union would be able to create nuclear weapons no earlier than 1953, and they miscalculated for almost 5 years the news about tests in the ussr with a nuclear bomb came as a shock to them after the second world war or our great patriotic war has survived since then , only because kurchatov does, of course, he is not alone, but nevertheless, the personality

obviously played absolutely a role. by creating the soviet atomic bomb not only allowed the americans to establish a nuclear parity union in 1949. 300 nuclear bombs were supposed to be dropped on 100 soviet cities in january 1957, a nuclear attack on the soviet union was supposed to destroy 10 million people. and 85% of our industrial potential we would not have with you, and in this sense, the role of kurchatov, she is

a civilizational enemy, was preparing a powerful nuclear potential to attack our side, however, the test of the soviet aggressor atomic bomb carried out in 1949, subsequently achieved nuclear parity , forever saved the world nuclear war. after testing a nuclear bomb, kurchatov for the first time took a vacation from the atomic project, and then entered into a new fight with american scientists, took part in the creation of a hydrogen or a thermonuclear bomb, and at the same time began to engage in what he had planned from the very beginning of work on the bomb - peaceful atom projects. from the memoirs of academician anatoly alexandrov, a participant in the atomic project, kurchatov formed not only the scope of work to solve the problem and create an atomic bomb, but also

to design accelerators for the prospect of exploration work on nuclear energy for various purposes, a person should have a goal to continue to live, and then things become more global, making the bomb he and the galaxy headed people, they thought about how to use it for the benefit of mankind, and from here a lot of new things of nuclear energy and a fleet or space business arose. and the scientist atomic engineers completed. the city of obninsk, kaluga region now it is a well-known science city and until the mid- fifties there was a village of the city. it became after the world's first key nuclear power plant was built in its vicinity on the territory of a secret laboratory. why is the first nuclear

power plant here - this is when they were looking for a place where in order to reduce the movement or vasilyevich to kurchatov, as far as i understand, it was forbidden to fly on an airplane. that is, it is a special armored car or a special car. and in order to reduce the time for moving or not, after all, somewhere closer to moscow, especially for kurchatov, half a kilometer from the future station, they built an old house, it’s rare here, but before the launch of the nuclear power plant, the soviet nuclear power plant lived for almost a month. the reactor of the world's first nuclear power plant was launched on june 27, 1954. i was here in the control center next to the console, and when smoke appeared from the chimney, he congratulated everyone with light steam. the capacity of the obninsk nuclear power plant was only 5 mw, but it was the first in the world and its launch marked the beginning

of new areas for the use of nuclear energy, nuclear medicine, this is space, this and large nuclear power plants are already more powerful. that is, this is the first second block of the beloyarsk power plant there. this bilibino thermal power plant in chukotka is built on permafrost. that is, it is a whole range of directions. for western colleagues the first remained the initiation of delegations from different countries rushing here to see how the energy of atoms work for peaceful purposes, at the same time, work on the creation of new weapons did not stop. a thermonuclear bomb was tested on august 12, 1953. a giant cloud for many kilometers rose up radioactive contamination and of course, when

he returned from this test. and vasilyevich looked like he said. anatoly petrovich is terrible, and he made an anatolius. this is a monstrous sight, and everything must be done to ensure that this product, these bombs do not were used on the initiative of kurchatov , studies were carried out on the consequences of thermonuclear explosions; in 1963 it was signed. the first international agreement on the limitation of nuclear weapons. the toothless of human society the discovery of the possibility of using atomic energy the greatest achievement of our era, so let us work on the

further development of this discovery only for peaceful purposes, in order to improve the life of his condition of all the peoples of the world. in the mid fifties. kurchatov led the development of a program for the development of nuclear energy in all the soviet union but most of all he was then occupied by the absolutely fantastic for those times idea of ​​\u200b\u200bcreating a reactor that would allow using the energy of thermonuclear fusion for life, and not for death, and atomic energy, what energy is about now is energy for centuries saving humanity from future energy crises. fifth, he even perfectly understood that this was not a limitation of his life. this future generation will unite

scientists from all countries to create the energy of the future for this very purpose in 1956 kurchatov as part of the soviet delegation went to england, he encouraged foreign colleagues to work together in the field of thermonuclear fusion. the decision on international cooperation in the field of nuclear research was made in 1958 at the geneva conference on peaceful fifties, physicists of the kurchatov institute shared with the whole world the technology of creating thermonuclear reactors. it is assumed that thanks to takomaks humanity will be able to get an inexhaustible source of clean and safe energy. well, the word itself is such a toroidal camera with magnetic coils, who was also born at our institute in the fifty-eighth year. igor nikolaevich

lavin can he say the author of this term. and it has already entered the scientific lexicon. uh, all over the world an employee of the international project ir, within the framework of which the largest tomato on the planet is being built in the south of france in provence, the idea, the creation of which belongs to academician eugene the great, director of the kurchatov institute in the nineties, the only thing we are talking about is this tatar. look at this building, where they build up to the house where they sit scientists, where he gathers. that team is everywhere. called the artificial sun 35 countries are involved, including russia in the name of a

better future there was a sign institute of atomic energy. by this time, the scientists had already suffered two strokes, which kurchatov called microcondrashka, he already felt bad, he walked around the territory. e with a wand was accompanied by a secretary and a dog of a noble breed, a cur. kurchatov institute preserved a notebook with exercise schemes that doctors recommended to kurchatov to do, they also categorically forbade him to work hard, but igor vasilyevich was not the most obedient patient, there were cases when his phone was taken away. here he demanded with a scandal that

the phone be returned to him there . for example, they were forbidden to make notes on purpose. here they made him such a book disguised as a thick volume of memories. jawahalal nero, in fact, there was a box inside, which means that there could have been leaves there write down the last photograph of igor kurchatov make mine a day before his death, the scientist sits at the control panel of the first soviet thermonuclear installation, the ogre, which he did not have time to launch, which he did not manage to kurchatov lived with science until his last breath, inspiring him to new achievements. pupils, despite this state of health, igor vasilyevich visited laboratories. and then he also came to our laboratory and to us boys, of course, it made a very big impression when there were people. uh, it would seem and recognized having

a very high position, but actually their er, the core is interest. to science. we show the death mask of kurchatov for the first time on television, the russian genius who changed the course of history passed away on february 7, 1960. at the age of 57, his name was given not only to the institute of atomic energy, but also to the beloyarsk nuclear power plant, the village where the kursk npp was built. the tel ship and even the crater on the moon, he was able to influence the fate of hundreds of thousands of people and many of the future.

we'll take care of this. it will be honest detective.

but it's best to check. vladimir putin expressed

condolences to the president of nepal in connection with the plane crash . the russian leader asked to convey words of sympathy and support to the families and friends who died on board the liner. there were 72 people, including four russians. the tass news agency, a link to the airline reports that there were no survivors, while earlier the civil aviation department confirmed the death of sixty-eight people, as local media write, citing the aviation authorities, did not fall. reasons for the disaster. could become technical malfunction. all the latest details will be told by our own correspondent in the region, dmitry melnikov . the russian embassy in nepal is in touch with the local authorities and in the near future the list of russians who were on board the crashed passenger plane will obviously be officially announced. in this mountainous country, earlier russian diplomats, citing rescuers, reported the death of all four russians on board the crashed plane. also. it is known that in total on board the flight that operated flight along the route.