hello. kirill vyshinsky is with you, and this program is a typical novorossiya. our new name says it all, we will talk about the territory that has returned to its historical roots. about novorossiya. we will continue to follow the ukrainian processes. we will analyze them. and yet today, in our opinion, it is much more interesting to observe how life in the donbass , zaporozhye, kherson regions, will change in new russian regions with the help of a careful look at the history in borussia. we will try reveal the originality of her present day, find in it the typical features of the new and recognizable signs of the past. and that's what we'll talk about today. russia's iron heart history

of industrialization in borussia and donbass what could be the place of novorossia in russian industry conversation with an expert from russia's internal waters program history of the struggle for access to the sea of ​​azov. novorossiya and donbass throughout their history were of tremendous economic importance for the russian empire and the soviet union, it was here in the second half of the 19th century with the development and development of coal and iron ore deposits in the donetsk and krivoy rog basins began the industrial revolution in southern russia in less than 40 years from 1861 to 1900. coal production in the donbass increased almost 100 times at the beginning of the 20th century.

here they gave more than two-thirds of the all-russian volume ; metallurgy was rapidly developing in 1871, the british industrial john hughes opened a metallurgical plant in the ekaterinoslav province next to which arose, the village of yuzovka today is donetsk krivoy rog basin novorossiya at that time produced more than half of all iron ore in russia , plants in yekaterinoslav and kherson provinces grew like mushrooms after rain at the end of the 19th century, 17 new metallurgical enterprises arose . by the beginning of the 20th century, about a quarter of all russian pig iron was smelted, novorossia became the main coal metallurgical base of the

country, and during the years of the first soviet five-year plans the leap in the development of the economy of donbass has become even more ambitious. in 1928-29, about 80% of coal was mined in the donbass in the ussr, valuable grades of the fossil were consumed by metallurgical and coke-chemical enterprises, transport and power plants were built over the years 62 mines more than half of all new mines in the ussr the balance of the country was more than 65% in total during this time 245 new enterprises were built in the donbass, the largest ones, and kramatorsk steel is called heavy machine tool building, the new kramatorsk machine-building plant, equipped with the most modern equipment in the

world at that time, stood out in particular. the iron heart of russia used to be called donbass during the years of independent ukraine was seriously pronounced, production volumes at metallurgical and machine-building enterprises were reduced, many mines were closed, and nevertheless, novorossia still has serious production resources . like almost everyone factories of donbass enterprises with a rich history, once the largest and most powerful manufacturer of steam locomotives, first of tsarist russia and then from the soviet union, work today. it's still boiling in here. the plant was one of the first to receive state subsidies for the development of money. went to buy new equipment. we are planning to buy. there is a lot of welding equipment in the same workshop. we plan to repair

the spray booth filter station in the same shop, and we also plan to modernize the special cutter machine , which will allow us to to manufacture welded structures, large-scale serious strength tests for the enterprise began after the coup d'etat in kiev in 2014 due to constant shelling from the apu in 2016, the production of locomotives was stopped, the plant switched to the production of spare parts, which are now exported to russia, like the products of many others large enterprises of donbass working in close conjunction with the russian industrial complex. although , of course, there are still many questions. of course , there are problems, there are questions that would i would like to raise the first question who? that is, we now have the conditional number of the ukrainian manufacturer and have been for 8 years. and that it is conditional. e, terminal number in 2001 , the enterprise was assigned a conditional number for the application of 12-35 14 years. we

cannot confirm this conditional number of aluminum, therefore, accordingly, the market for us. e of the russian federation is relatively closed, despite the fact that the legal regions have already become part of russia, there are still inconsistencies in the legislation and regulations transitional period. in such situations, it is inevitable. we carried out, within the framework of the committee of industry and trade of the state duma, quite a lot of work on the synchronization of legislation was found the most interesting forms of support for the development of primarily industrial enterprises - this is the industry development fund. it is a fund, and in the donetsk people's republic it is more than 2 m. this is more than a billion in rubles in the luhansk people's republic. these are the first steps, this is the approbation of an effective mechanism, which in the territory of russia proved its effectiveness until 2014. the donbass enterprise exported products worth $16.5 billion a year, three-quarters

of this volume iron metallurgy is an argument in favor of the investment attractiveness of the region, but far from the only one, because, contrary to stereotypes, in the donbass they have produced and continue to produce literally everything from the throat of mining equipment and steel ropes to refrigerators and ice cream in a word, a complete production cycle. in my opinion, in the conditions of e formation of technological sovereignty, namely e. message from the president. e russia was still about putin, but the replacement of import substitution priorities with technological sovereignty, and i would say that in the near future, and we will talk. even on a broader concept, this is not only technological sovereignty, but also technological expansion, when the final product e will be in demand not only on the domestic russian market, a product that has good exports and potential or cooperation with foreign

partners for sale in third countries. this is an extremely important task, where there will be a place for those enterprises that have retained their potential in the donbass, for example , high-quality cast iron channels, beams, beams produced at the inakievsky metallurgical plant were in demand in many countries of the world in europe, the middle east, north africa and central america, the task of restoring commodity relations is one of the most urgent, but so far, in addition to the main products, the workers of the plant are busy and the manufacture of bourgeois stoves. for our soldiers on the front lines. so we do everything possible, in order for our guys to be there, as they say, protect us and be sure that we have not forgotten about them. we are working on our front here. so they are definitely on their front. donbass is primarily a mining region. coal mining occupies a significant part in the economy of the region. it is here that deposits of its most expensive high-quality

grade are located. anthracite, which is widely used by the chemical industry, however, in recent years, for well-known reasons , coal production, according to some reports , has decreased by almost three times, many mines have fallen into disrepair in a sick industry that needs to be invested in large resources, generally human. we must, of course, conduct an inspection. uh, all those coal mines that are still possible. and there is the problem of such so-called prehistoric diggings, that is, private small steps, which must, of course, be removed, but also under some issues of security and economic inexpediency, an equally important resource of donbass is potential and this is not only highly qualified specialists in various fields science and production, but also students of novorossiya, for whom the leading russian universities open their doors. from the point of view of personnel shortages, there can never be any personnel shortages, because these were the most highly developed industrial and agricultural

regions of ukraine. it is not known what? of course, we must keep in mind that modernization is needed, the existing industry, of course, we will judge the results not by the number of signed agreements, but by the volume of products manufactured by the geography of deliveries. and i believe that this region is capable of demonstrating double-digit rates, and economic growth to significantly increase the volume of industrial production and ensure a very high demand for skilled labor resources of all these plans ultimately depends on the victorious completion of a special military operation, when the concept of the front line, and also the word, disappears. bees will become associated exclusively with industry; they will be associated with military operations. anna efimova valery savelyev anastasia popova is a typical novorossiya. with what industrial

potential will novorossiya return to russia and how will integration take place? let's talk with a permanent expert of our program rostislav ishchenko rostislav good afternoon. good afternoon, rostislav what has been preserved in the donbas because of its industrial potential? donbass, yes, then, in principle, the main metallurgical enterprises have survived there well, with the exception of those that were outside the control of the dpr lc. the question is how effectively they can work. now, uh, taking into account their orientation at one time to uh, foreign markets are international. here and taking into account the fact that even before uh, the main problems in ukraine, and actually long before the coup. uh, the donbass industry began to die due to being unprofitable

to anyone and valuable to the world market. because the indian metallurgy has also entered the world market, higher than the chinese metallurgy. this means that prices crept down and it became clear already somewhere by the mid-nineties that if russian metallurgists hardly compete with indian ones, then, and then, mainly due to orientation towards their own russian consumer, then, uh, ukrainian metallurgists cannot withstand at all such low prices due to the strength and depreciation of equipment, but now we must take into account that practically destroyed enterprises, many cities were destroyed, and if they are destroyed, even more will be destroyed, including in new russia, not only in the donbass , the impression that this is done on purpose? well , of course, especially for the united states, they leave us scorched earth. it was understandable. even before it happened, it will be so. well, that is, if they have to

leave ukraine, then we will get the wild field and it’s good, if at least half of it remains there population from the original, and industry in everything. i just didn’t say it anymore. and that’s why a significant part of ukrainian enterprises, what russia could even before the coup tried to transfer to its territory, literally bought the factories, bought out the technical documentation, often even bought out the people who worked in these factories, represented citizenship , represented work already on new ones. russian enterprises, but physically could not outbid the entire ukrainian industry of russia. well, there still remains deposits, coal. uh, railroad. that's the question. the thing is, really. uh, here the donbass actually and uh, krivoy rog and zaporizhia are days of propetrovsk. it was these metallurgical regions that existed due to the fact that deposits of coal and iron ore were really nearby and and it was very convenient to transport them anywhere, and

power plants were built there, which means that it was all provided with electricity, and there were also a sufficient number of sources water and so on. that is, it made production cheaper the fact that everything is practically in one place and there is no need for large transportation, the soviet one is serious, but in this very one, but it is quite possible that coal mining. it will still exist there for some time and will even be in demand, but now there will be a big question with the restoration of metallurgical capacities, because it is necessary to find sales markets for them. this means that the russians are, in general, occupied by the russian metallurgical industry, the world is occupied by the indians and the chinese. and where the ukrainian metallurgy will make its way. it's going to take a huge money. you insert already on the novorossiysk former mined ukrainian northern russian there, even just russian there is a new russian one. yes, where these enterprises will make their way with me. it is not yet clear , therefore, at one time, when i was

asked a question about, well, let's say, novorossia became part of russia, yes, and what kind of industry will there be? what do you mean, that there will be people there, where they will work, by the way, a very good question. and what else is attractive in novorossia, besides coal, besides iron ore, well, it is estimated for example, kherson, zaporizhzhia region, yes partially and donetsk lugansk, they are generally quite effective as regions of agricultural production. uh, this means that these products, which will absolutely always be, plus these are seaports. this is the restoration of the region's logistical capabilities, that is, the restoration of highway railways. e port airports, which means, and uh, its work is somehow such a transit hub for the southern direction of all-russian exports, because novorossiysk, of course, is a powerful port, but with taking into account the build-up of russian capabilities. and the export orientation of the russian

economy, i think that all the rest will not be superfluous there. this is the first thing, then we understand that the roads require maintenance. yes means, respectively, uh, t- there is a need for consequent filling stations repair shops, especially for railways. so, in fact, at one time, growth, donbass, which means that at the beginning coal appeared, the mining industry appeared, then the processing metallurgical industry, then all this was necessary to export to insert railroads railroads appeared workshops from modern workshops, machine -building plants. so, here's this one. eh, you can try to repeat this path now, just a question. to what stage will we reach, because i repeat. there the problem lies not only in the destruction of the economy of the region, as such, er. there is destroyed, the habitat is destroyed cities and the population is forced to leave the region. who is in europe who? strength means, and today even relatively

well. yes, in the zones there in the dpr, lpr, who will still be safer than what is now outside of them lives there. well, somewhere between half and one third of the military population. now i just looked at the assessment that uh in donetsk, uh, well, according to sociologists. yes, somewhere around 300-400,000 people live before the war, there was a million. and it's not all over yet. and what, it can still inspire optimism, if we talk about industry and the industrial structure of novorossiya in general, which will be integrated into russia, well, it inspires optimism the fact that a person is such an animal that populated the entire planet from the south pole to the north being and in belarus it is actually a fertile land, which means both in terms of terms and in terms of potential opportunities for development, including heavy manufacturing industries and so then you decided to simply populate with the adventure of new people there. with the restoration of cities with the restoration of

logistical capabilities in the future, we will resolve the issue of restoring industrial, if agricultural, production. yes because, in principle, it is normal for people to work. yes, i will not be fruitful, multiply and enjoy life. thank you very much for an interesting story. the sea of ​​azov, which not so long ago washed the south-east of ukraine after the return of the historical land of russia, again became the inland sea of ​​the russian federation, warm, modest in size, almost not salty water. in the black sea, the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov was salted about twice some 100 years ago , it was considered the most fishy place in the world with a guitar water area. catch almost a centner of products. there are more than seventy different species here. here are bream and ram to the black sea flounder, mullet

and even sturgeon sturgeon. and the sea of ​​azov. this is an outlet to shipping routes for two industrial regions to several krivoy rog iron and coal basins. donbass of azov is the shallowest sea in the world, its maximum depth is 13.5 m. on average, about seven and a half. serious geopolitical waves rose in these calm waters after the ninety-first year, azov was considered the inland waters of russia and ukraine, this was recorded in the agreement on the joint use of the sea, signed in 2003 during its operation, and it was not possible to agree on the main thing, where does the russian-ukrainian border pass in the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov, and in the middle of the 2000s ukraine even offered to recognize azov as not internal, and international waters. this would allow nato ships to enter them without the consent of russia russia did not go for this in the 21st century,

the history of the russian struggle for control of the surface of azov logically closed on how this struggle began in olga mokhovoy now a step forward, then a forced step back, so russia gradually moved forward in the development of the territory called the once wild field, the struggle for access to the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov is the most important stage on the path to annexing the lands that became the consequences of new russia, the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov . despite the fact that it is internal, despite the fact that it is small, it serves as an important springboard for the further advancement of russia and c. black sea to take possession of the fortress. azov on the left bank of the don, which would make it possible to control everything near the bottom, as well as access to the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov, which is important for trade in the middle east and the mediterranean was planned by ivan the terrible and was hindered by the ottoman turks, who had dominated these lands since the end of the 15th century. azak, as they called this outpost

, was the northernmost possession of the ottoman empire azov was an important point for the slave trade for the ottoman empire, and very many, and people, large masses, were taken prisoner, both on the territory of the russian state and on ka here they all passed through this point and went further to the ottoman possessions in the crimea and to the capital of the ottoman empire in constantinople in in 1637, the fortress of azov was stormed by a detachment of don and zaporozhye. there are only 4,400 cossacks . the enterprise was daring. venetian architects built powerful fortress walls, one of the best fortifiers in europe at that time, the five thousandth garrison was armed with two hundred cannons of various calibers. it was not just a fortified point. it was a serious fortress, and which at that time was there from eight to ten, uh, in yours. for artillery battles of several

levels, yes, serious high ones, where the walls reached 10 m, the fortress cossacks held azov 4 years in the history of this period entered, as the azov seat about 30 times, the ottoman army at times, superior to the cossack forces, stormed the fortress and each time retreated, they could not leave azov and, let's say, shame the ottoman army. she left seven, but, uh, the don cossacks were already bled dry and did not have the opportunity to defend azov in the future, therefore, at the beginning of 1642. they obeyed the order of tsar mikhail fedorovich and left azov after half a century. after these events, the azov began. peter the great at that time still a very young tsar the first, undertaken in 1695, ended in failure; the land was besieged by russian troops; the fortress constantly received food and reinforcements from the sea, not being

able to cut these sea communications. peter, with heavy losses, was forced to retreat and gave the order to start building warships . white sea. in a disassembled state, e-e remains to the russian north through the volga. yes, they deliver it. uh, just preobrazhenskoe near moscow where uh. here in the winter from 1695 to 1696 construction begins. ah, russian galleys in difficult conditions in a very short time at the voronezh shipyard built many ships, including 23 galleys and four firebrands, they were used in battle as fire rams in the spring of 1696. the flotilla headed for the azov with the first detachment. peter himself sailed the galley in july. the ottoman fortress capitulated the newly built ships, the galleys did not participate in hostilities against the turks.

in other words, they did their job. yes, by their fact of their existence they are no longer further. uh, the turks come to the goat, russian fortress. azov did not stay long in 1711. after the unsuccessful prut campaign of peter during the russian-turkish war, this southern outpost again became with mask 15,000 of the russian empire resettled there and the inhabitants were evacuated only in 1736. already in the reign of anna ioannovna. field marshallese recaptured this important strategic point. from 1.739, the territory of azov finally became part of russia, but at the same time, azov existed for several years simply as a city, following the results of the belgrade peace, to have fortresses in the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov russia, in general, was not allowed, only catherine ii managed to complete the work begun by petroma, the northern black sea region, was finally recaptured from the turks and reliably protected, but

the main thing was that russia received access to the southern sea in 1768, the azov flotilla was founded, russian shipbuilders developed a special type of ships adapted to the shallow waters of the dodon and the sea of ​​azov. they were characterized by the fact that they were flat-bottomed. that is, they could walk at shallow depths, and at the same time, they had e reinforced cannon armament. that is it were, but real warships. and so, this azov flotilla during the years of the russian-turkish war supported the actions of the russian army from the sea, successfully operated on the black sea in 1783, part of the ships of the azov flotilla was transferred to the vakhteat bay in crimea, so the history of the black sea fleet and its main port of sevastopol began olga mokhova anastasia popova or savelyev is a typical new russia. that's all we wanted to talk about. kirill

vyshinsky was with you today, see you soon to explore the world of educational programs and we watch documentaries for free without registration.

we'll take care of this. it will be the honest detective. always wondering where it all starts? now he will see everything. manufacturers of good things want their main thing, but it's best to check.

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russian troops continue their offensive, where exactly and what is happening in general in the zone of special military operation hungary demands from the kiev regimes to stop the infringement of the rights of ethnic hungarians. they even called it atrocities. what exactly happened? ukrainian troops have fired more than 20 shells over the past few hours at volnovakha and yesinovataya, as reported by local authorities , two people were killed in one of the houses under attack in the center of the city , donetsk and the situation in the dpr of course, the city of donetsk suffers