because such cities as vilno yes can be seen from a yes lviv e in polish history occupies a special place. yes, and in general, this term kresy yes, eastern kresy, which are used in poland, it means a lot for national identity, because it is considered yes or it was believed that it was in these territories of the border territories that this polishness was forged, yes, here is some idea of ​​who the poles are. yes, what are the most important features of their identity, and it is in this kind of slightly hostile environment, where a significant part population is not a clearing. there were poles, and these poles, they felt their polish identity most sharply. here in the current specific uh, the international political situation, germany's demands are very persistent and aggressive on the part of poland uh. return to the second world payment of gigantic reparations. looks a little crazy. this is a political game or really expecting some kind of result. the question of reparations for damage during the second

world war was decided in the forty-fifth year at the yalta and potsdam conferences, in unlike the first world war, when payments were collected only in cash, reparations of the second world war were taken in kind , machinery, equipment, commodity stocks, as well as german investments abroad, reparations claims. poland had to satisfy the soviet union and its share. it was planned that more than 15% would depart. but according to the polish institute of international relations, the ussr received reparations totaling $ 3 billion at the rate of 1938, of which poland accounted for 228 million, that is, about 7.5%, in the fifty-third year between the ussr gdr signed an agreement agreed with the leadership of poland in accordance with which, from january 1, fifty. this year, all reparations from the gdr were stopped

. in addition, in the ninety-second year, the governments of poland and germany founded the polish-german reconciliation fund, as a result of which germany paid poland another 1 billion 300 million euros, however, in september last year, the founder and chairman of the polish ruling party . right justice yaroslav kachelsky said that the damage to poland caused by the third reich 39th to 45th years is 1 trillion 300 billion dollars, an official note demanding payment of this amount was sent by the german government on october 3, 22 in the return night of january 3 , 23, the german government announced that it refused to negotiate with warsaw on this issue and considers it closed, then the world of poland reported that the country's authorities appealed to congress. united states with a request

to assist in obtaining compensation in september last year, the president of poland anzhi also stated that his country intends to demand reparations from russia and the amount until the wine is called moscow is charged with tearing away its land from poland. according to pat ground mass repressions and exiles of poles in siberia including execution you know, it seems to me lately, there are many steps taken by european leaders there, poland is about to have elections. yes, of course this topic. it is covered there by those who offer it for discussion. hmm, declare themselves as the main patriots. uh, poland yes and their opponents, who, well, let's say so they are skeptical about this idea , they are accused of being just yes, uh, about the german forces, and therefore, no matter how they support this line. on the one hand, on the other hand, poland is a very serious conflict with the

european bureaucracy and brussels. e, including the conflict, which threatens to stop receiving more financial assistance subsidies from brussels, and germany is rightly perceived in poland as one of the leading countries of the european union. well, let's just say your answer mentioned the elections, coming this year, a lot of attention is riveted to him, because it is believed that they are almost fate, but uh, well, let's say kachelinsky and the party will lose. on the right justice, but even if the so -called liberals come, the general situation will not change. how are they going to change course? well, as for foreign policy, the discrepancy, well, rather hmm, stylistic because both tusk and kaczynski, they see poland in the same way and members of the european union and a member of nato and not just a member of nato, but a country that is such an outpost of american influence in the region and a country that, of course, carries some special mission from their point of view for the situation in the east of the

continent. so if, for example, hypothetical wins. uh, tusk and his coalition yes form a government pro -european forces. this will lead to the fact that warsaw's policy will simply be in greater coordination between berlin and paris. yes , well, in general, so to speak, the western european line, and the poles and i are doomed to hostility in general, we saw it there, yes, well, for the last 500 years yes, here is the experience of russian polish interaction, it is the most diverse. there were natural conflicts, there were also unions, there were attempts at some kind of incorporation, and how poland was part of the russian empire of the russian state. e of the eastern bloc, so actually there were polish attempts to somehow propose a scenario for e in order to include russian russian lands. eh, yes, yes, as a part of yourself, and here, as it were, there's a problem here. yes, in what is visible in this area. i mean east europe one very large slavic state was to be formed. yes, that is, for two

there was no place, but one definitely had to appear. and so, uh, well, apparently, at the beginning of the 18th century, the pendulum finally swung in the direction that it would still be a russian state. here e? oh, well, poland is like an empire yes, how such a big uh, the continental space did not take place, and it is going through because of this, yes, to a large extent so far, but the problem is that this competition here, it can, uh , pass in some, well, unacceptable forms and this, of course, i wanted to avoid. i think both in their polish people and in the interests of the russian people, one of the important uh achievements of yalta was this idea. here is the formation of the polish state of its current borders. it was such a, shifted to the north-west, compact as a whole, mono-ethnic state with stable borders. and now, when the poles raise the question of reparations, when voices are heard in polish society that it is necessary to change the eastern border at the expense of lvov, these are very very dangerous conversations. yes, because you understand, if e discussed eastern borders. uh, poland

it is quite possible that discussed the western borders of poland and in germany uh, there is a community of people, uh, who are the descendants of those settlers of the western territories, and they are enough. well, so to speak, clear clearly states that from their point of view it is unfair. yes, they lost their property, they decided their homeland is there, but small, uh, and they would like to somehow reconsider this situation. well, uh history was shown the history of europe shows that not it was centuries. the borders would not change, drastically, therefore, probably, we will have a lot of interesting things in the century, i'm not sure that this is good, but nonetheless. thank you very much dmitry bunimovich was with us. if in eastern europe the cannonade is already real, then in east asia it is still rhetorical. although with a military-political flavor after the advertisement , more. in the gift feed, download

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in recent weeks, a wave of comments and reports about the imminent increase in tension in the pacific ocean north korea naval construction of china taiwan every kind of lykovku. yes, and various horrors are modeled. the american center for strategic and international studies simulated the chinese invasion of taiwan in 2026, experts proposed more than 20 scenarios for the development of events in most of them, the taiba

, with the support of the united states, repelled the attack, but each victory was accompanied by enormous losses at the end of the study, a report was published describing the so-called pessimistic for the perfection of the scenario with victory, china and optimistic with victory. taiwan and allies. in all cases, chinese rejection begins the same way. in the course. the first bombardment destroyed. most of taiwan's navy and air force then, supported by missile forces, china's naval forces encircle and blockade the island of game analysis showed taiwan would beat back the offensive subject to a number of conditions. in particular. the island must strengthen the ground forces and provide in advance. after the start of the conflict, china will isolate taiwan with american weapons and supply it with weapons, as now ukraine will be impossible for the success of the operation, the united states must join the fighting. in the very first

days of the conflict and use long-range cruise missiles against china, as well as air bases in japan, meanwhile, according to experts of all participants in the conflict, regardless of its outcome, gloomy scenarios await. taiwan's economy will be destroyed the staunch position of the chinese communist party will be shaken , and japan and the united states will lose dozens of ships, hundreds of aircraft and thousands of troops in less than a month us losses in this conflict will be half of the number killed in 20 years of hostilities in iraq and afghanistan, at least two aircraft carriers will be at the bottom of the pacific ocean, and the modern chinese fleet, the largest in the world, will be completely destroyed, while the authors of the project assure if if the leadership of the people's republic of china chooses the path of diplomatic isolation of taiwan or economic pressure on it, then a military invasion can be avoided. japanese prime minister kishida became a non-

smoker during a tour of europe and the united states he said that the security of the euro-atlantic and indo-pacific regions are inseparable sounds as if inviting nato to expand into asia and tokyo is ready to act as a link, which the head of government had in mind. we asked eminent japanese security specialist taisuki abiru senior foundation expert. sasaka in for peace after the outbreak of hostilities. in ukraine, the inextricable interrelationship between the security of europe and asia has become an indisputable take. at least the similarities between the taiwanese and ukrainian issue. we are looking forward to growing cooperation between china and russia therefore , last summer, the leaders of japan, south korea, for the first time in history, attended the nato summit if something happens in connection with taiwan we certainly look forward to close cooperation with

european countries. but at the moment, i would say that real cooperation with europe will be just in the field of economic measures, and not military ones, and japan. that is why japan joined the economic sanctions against russia in asia. the traditional way to ensure security is two or trilateral relations, but now the united states needs a more powerful structure there. is it possible in the formation of such nato-like alliances, we have deepened the cooperation of our military with france, great britain, and some other european countries, but all this on a bilateral basis, and not within the framework of nato, i doubt that the alliance as a whole has the ability to contribute to strengthening security in our region. approach is the india-pacific initiative. it implies, of course, cooperation between the united states, australia, india and others this approach is inclusive we don't want to exclude anyone, india doesn't want to participate in

something hard binding. the session countries want to avoid choosing between the us and china. japan also needs some semblance of equidistance, for example, we can develop interaction with the group, but japan will not join it. i don't think that something similar to nato has emerged in our region. nato has four key partners in the asia-pacific region: australia new zealand south korea and japan operational cooperation began in 2001 year after the valkaida attack, when australia new zealand south korea joined the nato mission in afghanistan and the japan self-defense forces provided logistical support at sea. the countries then interacted with nato groups. in iraq, they provided assistance to the victims of the actions of militants and made generous contributions to the trust fund of the afghan national army. under nato control today,

the north atlantic alliance regularly meets with partners from asia to discuss the situation on the korean peninsula. climate change cyber defense and maritime security to combat piracy as part of operation cigarte and ocean shield australia and new zealand have repeatedly provided nato with their ships, and naval patrols. hey alliance managed to secure tens of thousands of ships in the gulf of aden in 2014 countries joined the interoperability partnership initiative this program brings nato allied armies together to participate in joint operations its not last year. japan has brought military manners with the nato countries near the far eastern borders of russia with the participation of strike groups led by the nuclear aircraft carriers ronald reagan and the german air force, it is curious that before this the

strange apr are not full members. the alliance took part in a meeting of the military committee of the commanders-in-chief of the nato defense forces japan is not a nuclear country, we depend on the nuclear deterrence that the united states provides to us because we do not have nuclear capabilities, the alliance in this area with the united states has no alternative, but the united states today is not what it was 10 or 50 years ago, and we must be ready to take on assume a more active role in japan's own security position until a solid nuclear weapon is needed. but your neighbors in south korea sound. now, a little differently than before, they allow it, so to speak, but you think

whether you're a probability scenario? and what will japan do then south korea is in opposition to north korea so they have more security problems, but north korea threatens japan if south korea decides that it needs nuclear weapons - this will be a significant change in the region, and then you can imagine that japan will also think, but now it does not seem to me that it is likely that there will be an unresolvable territorial conflict between russia and japan, given the general unpleasant tendencies towards militarization in the world. do we have 3.5 collision at the moment i do not see the risk of a serious military conflict between japan and russia, our main concern is south of our territory. they are to the north. this is taiwan south china sea and so on. well, of course, we have entered a new era of relationships and the security situation around is increasingly difficult, so there is reason to be a little concerned about this scenario, so

we need to keep in touch dialogue to avoid risk. there is cooperation in three areas: energy, fisheries and humanitarian ties. and this is a must-have, thank you. toy sukiruru was with us. japan is alarmed by china and china believes that japan is just using an excuse japan has always looked for an opportunity to become a normal country, that is, to abandon the restrictions that the constitution imposes on military power, reducing it to only self-defense. now they have actually achieved it. and this is what the united states now wants to use japan as a way to contain china and russia, but there is also a downside in asia, history and such a transformation are well remembered. japan is unlikely to please anyone. she wants to go to asia nato's global expansion became official policy last year, when

the italians themselves invited the leaders of japan and south korea for the first time. nato is clearly aiming for global expansion. japan simply used the opportunity for its own purposes for the united states. nato is a tool to contain china and russia; now , in asia, the americans are acting quite successfully in a strategic sense, seeking to maintain their role as world hegemon, but as smoothly as they think. is not will pass. asia has never had an overarching security structure. in general, you live in an unstable world of oases, do not look for the middle east, it never claimed such a role, and now a new revival, while inside israel but with a broader perspective, report by sergey pashkov how the decisive football match will take place in tel aviv in any weather, not january storms, nor heavy rain, could not prevent the people of israel from coming to the city center to the

oldest habima theater in order to say no to the new israeli government headed by benjamin netanyahu, someone says 10,000. someone 50 someone 80 agree on one thing every saturday the number of protesters is growing, that these are the same people who opposed him when he was prime minister last time, nothing new those who came to the square answer no we are much more and the protest is caused by the fact that the country has formed the most right religious government in the history of israel that the new ministers will try to change the usual way of life of israeli society. i'm lost. i voted for netanyahu zakut, but i got something completely different wanted. the government coalition included religious radicals, extreme right-wing nationalists. they will interfere with education in our lives, provoke conflicts, religious parties will strongly

influence our lives. and i don't want a religious dictate. i want shops open on saturday and public transport. went on shabbat i don't want them to fix their own courts the main rally meets his opponent netanyahu took place on election day november 1, when millions of people expressed their will by handing in a mandate for changes and reforms, the right wants to subordinate the judiciary to the parliamentary majority, ministers from religious parties will launch an attack on secular society. leader of the religious zionist bloc. and tamar bengvir, having just received the portfolio of the minister of security, climbed the temple mount, provoking palestinian unrest, complicating relations with arab neighbors, convinces opposition leaders of his supporters and they are called to the street, the protest can be called serious today it is very difficult to pull people out of comfortable comfortable home sofas . uh, myself

the fact that about 10,000 people came out to protest saying that the reforms that the future coalition proposes to carry out touched the nerves of israeli voters yesterday's defense minister. and today, one of the leaders of the opposition, the benegans, has already seen signs of a civil war in what is happening. if you continue like this, then the responsibility for the fratricidal civil war that is brewing in israeli society will fall on you, it 's time to come out in demonstrations of the passions simmering around judicial reform, the new government believes that the supreme court, endowed with the right to overturn the decision of parliaments, contrary to the spirit and letter of the basic israeli laws , abuses this right. only on the eve of the supreme court of justice of wealth you did not find a verdict that netanyahu's ally, the leader of the orthodox separatist party xas arierri

, previously convicted twice for deceiving public trust and for tax fraud, cannot be appointed minister of the interior, however, binyamy netanyahu himself is on trial, which only adds arguments to his current opponents, trying to gain influence on the appointment of judges. he just wants to save himself from here and prison. however, activists or years do not consider legal reform an attack on the historic israeli democracy, the ben-gurion system is not perfect, the time comes for problems to be corrected and solved by parliamentary methods. not on the street, these are the reinforced wills of the majority of the desire to correct the imbalance in relations. branches of power. no need to see here. attacks on democracy insist leaders of the religious and settlement movement the country does not threaten, nor fill it, especially the civil war in the modern world since the

french revolution, new states. all were created within the framework of some kind of fratricidal war, except for the state, israel, we did not have this. we won't have it. jews like to argue with each other jews. they love to prove their point. they even shout at each other, but do not raise their hands, but the president, an israeli, is scared as hell by a split. he urged the parties to seek a compromise, however, this compromise between those who consider the fundamental laws israel 613 permissive and prohibitive commandments of the torah and those who write in the questionnaires are not religious difficult to achieve sergey pashkov alexander vanyukha anastasia demyanets for international review of israel well, finally, the very last coming year of the black water rabbit begins. e in chinese astrology is a rabbit. eh being

peaceful and calm so the year is said to be expected to be much more uh normal than the previous year of the tiger and u also promise us that the black rabbit uh will bring calm to those who have made impulsive decisions so far. now they will be much more balanced and pragmatic. well, god forbid, i really want to believe it. let's do it, that's the way it will be with the new year and watch the international review. the city of solidarity was taken by a jerk unexpectedly whose voice. our yes, in general, you can’t wander here alone. now guys on courage was born here. why didn't he leave? why if they were waiting for the russians to come and release and everything will be fine. i think all the boys are here,

who are purely for their country. this is done by the locals, how are they generally configured all the peaceful have revealed they are positively disposed. they are very long. they waited, as it turned out, swipe, swipe up, raise and make a panoramic view of just this city for us.

we'll take care of this. it will be the honest detective. always wondering where it all starts? now everyone will see the producers of good things they want and most importantly, but it is best to check.

the village of leshcheevka, taken under the control of the russian army. it is strategically important to tell why and what are the prospects now, we must weigh the pros and cons before german leopard tanks make such decisions while they remain in the cage, that is, it was not possible to agree on supplies. did the threats of the states towards the allies not work.