[000:00:00;00] shooting near one of the synagogues after the onset of shabbat , seven people became victims of the terrorist attack, the criminal tried to escape the police liquidated him, law enforcement officers also took into custody his parents, israeli prime minister netanyahu urged the local population not to lynch. i want to emphasize that we must work decisively and coolly. i urge people not to take the law into their own hands, for this we have a police army and security forces, and they will work, and they work in accordance with the instructions of the cabinet of ministers of the person to be the ministry of emergency situations managed to localize the fire. at the construction market of syndics in krasnogorsk near moscow, open burning was eliminated . the fire broke out all night in the spanish room, the flame quickly spread throughout the building. the fire area exceeded 2,000 m². 87

specialists and 27 pieces of equipment were involved in extinguishing. this morning , airborne alarms were activated in a number of regions of ukraine; zaporozhye region, the alarm was also announced at night. let me remind you that russia has been delivering targeted strikes on the strategic military infrastructure of ukraine since october 10. the asu strikes at the territory of the lpr from a western-made multiple launch rocket system. novoaidar was fired from american highmors in inva. the granary was damaged in alexandrovka. agricultural machinery and angara in the dpr shelled donetsk makeevskaya gorlovka 40 hits were inflicted in a day , one civilian was injured , the situation remains difficult for other released territories, four settlements of the kherson region. survived the night of a massive shelling of alyoshki khokhovka

, the cossack fishing camps, they fired several dozen shells, information about the damage suffered is now being specified. moscow and ankara experts are discussing delicate security issues over the gas hub project, deputy foreign minister oleg syr said. molotov, the turkish partners treat joint work with enthusiasm and a constructive approach; in an interview with taz , the diplomat noted such a mood of the a consequence of the successful experience in the implementation of large bilateral projects in the energy sector. this is the blue stream gas pipeline and the turkish stream plays its role and the reliability of russia as a fuel supplier germany agreed berlin is ready to supply leopard tanks to ukraine decisions were made. after washington agreed to provide its abrams to ukraine, they rearm weapons there to manage the conflict, how not to slip into the ashes of a nuclear war. why

nuclear deterrence is needed sweden quarreled with erdogan burned koran threatened the way kingdoms in nato about this and not only look after the advertisement. in the international review point more than 32 million prizes under the stickers in the application on january 30 how do you prefer to pay? you can pay for yesterday's cards, pay as you wish, each in whatever way is convenient. choose your

payment method with the payment system. every month hello on air international review in the studio fyodor lukyanov today in the program international review events of the week chronicle facts comments tank biathlon

there are no more restrictions for ukraine for preparing to supply almost all the escalation of the ukrainian crisis nuclear deterrence the materials of our program are still working. they ran into a fight with erdogan, sweden is not allowed into nato because of the provocation, eastern passions are seething. in the last program, we painted the rabbit radically black. but in vain. it would be better if they made it spotted this season, in general , the fashion for leopard colors. well, what is really beautiful is, by the way, the leningrad porcelain. factory classic, germany dared the government announced readiness to transfer 14 leopard 2 tanks to ukraine. and she allowed other countries that have this formidable machine to share some copper with kiev before the schulz, still

publicly hesitated. and he didn’t even deny it very much, of course. why, in the atmosphere that has developed in the north atlantic alliance , it is impossible to say no to the armament of ukraine. moreover, the minister of foreign affairs in the office of schulz frau, berberg in plain text. says germany is at war with russia and the goal is to inflict a military defeat. leopard 2 is a porsche tank from the same company. what does sports cars and which were founded by ferdinand porsche in the thirties of the last century, they began to develop it immediately after the first leopard entered service in the sixty-fifth year, they tested it together with the american abrams, and the first serial copy. that's up to over received '79. it was the answer to the soviet tank of that time , a fairly light and maneuverable vehicle. unlike the heavy abrams on board,

a modern 120 mm smoothbore gun. at the british challenger. the old l7 cutter that was previously placed on nato tanks. by the way, the image has the same gun as on a leopard in the usa, it is licensed. so with the logistics of ammunition , a crew of four will be easier. and here is the fundamental difference. soviet vehicles, as a rule, have an automatic loader in them, that is , a person reloads the cannon mechanism, only aims and fires at the leopard. this is what the crew members do. but german vehicles traditionally have high-quality sights, and fire. you can even have a special stabilizer in motion. engine diesel, in general, perhaps the leopard is the easiest to maintain. of all the nato tanks , it was made in the seventies for the draft harvey. for example, the power plant

is combined into a single unit and can be changed in the field. it is possible in 45 minutes, and complex repairs are already being done deep in the rear, but the maintenance of these machines. it's like the soviet car industry transferring to a foreign car, everything else , the leopard became a product of european cooperation, but not only europeans were armed with it after the collapse of the ussr, the car was actively offered. for export, according to various sources, their bought more than 20 countries of the world, moreover, it received high marks from experts, for example, in the ranking of the military magazine ordnats, it consistently ranks first, however, nine cars were lost in afghanistan, six strikes and three from canada, and these are tanks of the latest modifications of the sixth and seventh a scandalous situation developed after a series, when only during one operation the turkish army lost 10 vehicles, the tanks were amazed, even with the old soviet weather systems

, one vehicle was literally torn to pieces after the ammunition was blown up, this occurs very rarely it should be noted that turkey uses a rather old fifth generation of machines, and it does not have dynamic protection, but only 20 pieces of the last eighth generation machines were built. for germany, the decision on tank deliveries, even though schwartz last february promised a change of eras, the inertia of comfortable pacifism of the second half of the 20th century is strong, if it were not for pressure from all sides , berlin would probably even now prefer to abstain, however, no one will allow him this. everything is so everything, but changes in germany and in her relations with the allies, we will talk with russell derman, a professor at stanford and a leading specialist in german affairs. what is the reason for schultz's hesitation on the issues of

sending tanks to ukraine, berlin has repeatedly stated, and weapons have been transferred to kiev's unconditional support more than once. why is there a sudden hitch on leopards, yes, germany has long declared support for ukraine, but practical actions require a change in german thinking at two levels in the era of chancellor merkel how do you know the essence between germany and russia? yes very tight economic ties, they ended these relations continued the long-standing eastern policy from old habits. it is difficult to refuse after the second world war , germany did not want to see itself at all. as a player. in the military sphere, german pacifism avoids involvement in hostilities in the form of not even direct participation, but the supply of weapons. this required a restructuring of consciousness in the united states, too, or something, the restructuring of consciousness america insisted on the supply of german weapons, although encouraging

germany to militarize, in general, contradicts the whole line after the second world war there is no doubt that german pacifism is preferable to german militarism , of course, no one wants to return now to germany during the junger era and the world at the beginning of the 20th century, but now whether we like it or not, there are growing trends towards confrontation defense spending should grow and the united states largest defense donor in the west. no wonder what? feels frustrated with such a large economy how germany does not take on the share that germany owes until recently fell short of the minimum obligation of 2% gdp but of the money that nominally belongs to this defense sector, a significant part of the pension of a retired officer is a question that many ask the united states why should americans pay for the security of germany that is not at all poor if it does not pay for itself?

almost 200,000 people, of which 26,000 are women, serve in the german armed forces, but even for this, the press does not like them , the bundestag’s authorized representative for defense issues, eva the dandy, said that there is not enough of everything that can be equipped equipment and equipment in service ground forces about 800 battle tanks, mostly of own production, recently replenished the fleet of armored fighting vehicles puma infantry fighting vehicles, each costing about 10 million euros. true, during the latest exercises, all of the 18 tested vehicles failed, and some even caught fire, as for the navy, germany has squadrons of submarines , corvettes, minesweepers, frigates and support vessels, but only 30% are ready for full-fledged military operations . as

for combat aviation, then from shock faiths. less than half of the tiger and multi-purpose nh90s are combat-ready, while the luftwaffe has typhoon fighter bombers worth about 100 million euros, as well as old tornadoes and phantom 2 from the seventies, but soon they will be replaced by american f-35 fighters for $ 10 billion in early january, the think tank global farpower. compiled an annual ranking of the most powerful armies in the world, 50 factors were taken into account. including military spending , the variety of weapons and the number of personnel of the bundeswehr was not even included in the first the twenty expressed german forces are defeated without even engaging in battle, despite a defense budget of 50 billion euros and a special fund. 100 billion. there is not enough money either for ammunition or for fuel for cars during the exercise, writes the magazine spiegel, accompanying the devastating article. illustrations of a german soldier who, with a wooden gun, rides

a toy plastic tank and launches paper fighters last year, germany approved an arms export worth almost 9 billion euros. this is the second largest value in history of the federal republic of germany there is such a point of view that german identity, generally divided , has always been torn between the desire to the east towards eurasia and to the west towards atlanticism. now the final choice is made in favor of the west, the split between east and west, a very old german tradition is not at all a product of the cold war and the division of the country during the first world germany perceived itself as an opponent to the west, because the west was france , great britain, germany, very deep historical ties with russia since

catherine ii, a very important milestone 1812-1813, the modern german identity was born at the end of the napoleonic wars, when the germans fought on the side of russia, now in the face of the ukrainian crisis, germany is leaning towards the atlantic side, but i would not be in a hurry to assert that the final elections are already so. it is also possible that the return movement will not change the geographical position of germany. it will always remain between east and west. and how can the european balance of power change if you try to look at the period after the ukrainian crisis germany should not be discounted, for example, in the next scenario, the nationalist government in warsaw and president le pen in paris it will be a completely different europe almost. the one that was in the xi century before that is not at all necessary, what will happen, but i would consider the probability of 30 percent hmm interesting. well, let's continue to fantasize with such neighbors from east and west what kind of government will then be in berlin well, let's say that the administration in paris

can pull berlin back to moscow or the franco-german motor of european integration will simply cease to function , obviously one ukrainian crisis will have a diverse and multi-level impact. whether the focus will continue alliance may intensify on the other side of the strong pressure. union tensions with russia are leading to different parts of the eu moving in different directions. if i were a strategist in moscow, i would wonder. has russian diplomacy done enough to prepare european countries for the ukrainian crisis, i am not a fan of russian foreign policy, but considering it, in in principle, very successful in many cases, but with the preparation of the military campaign, she did not succeed in weakening the european solidarity inside, but they were well missed, but now in paris the macron and germany's relations with france are not brilliant . why, after merkel's departure, macron and dredge

could become european leaders, but the dredge could not resist the ring of a special desire to become the leader of europe is not noticeable. in my opinion, he hesitates on the ukrainian issue, it seems that he is quite committed to the idea of ​​​​dialogue with russia, but now he has swung back into side of a tougher position, not scholz. recently met. they tried to mend relations, but economic and foreign policy differences remain between them, but no dramatic processes are taking place. i would say they hobble forward. we have an opinion that the current crisis is almost planned by the us to undermine the economic power of germany german economic power is currently in trouble, but i don't think this is a conscious us policy i just don't see such depth of planning with on the american side, the question is actually the following: is the american strategy leading to one or another consequence, or just its lack of miscalculations in foreign policy, which are much more dictated by

domestic political motives, biden, not against germany, but he is for detroit, events in europe are a conflict ideological between a realistic view of the world order and such an assertive value agenda, it is no coincidence that the most militant force of the green party, that is, the pacifists this is how it will be now or is there still a chance that europe will return to the good old school of real politics , the green one is really the party that is most based on the value agenda, therefore they take the most pro-ukrainian positions, believing that in this way they defend the rights of victims of mass violations of human rights, but it is by no means nor will the largest parties of the coalition change sooner or later the flame of value enthusiasm. burnout people want, working economy people. that's how it's arranged. this may not be very noble, but but realistic. you reminded me of the saying of the french communist

of the fifties boris you always have to know how to end a strike also applies to soldiers and strikes and warriors happen and they often bring results, but sometime they need to end. thanks it was russell berman germany a defining country for europe there has always been a time when everyone wanted her to take care of herself and develop the economy ended germany is waiting for action on where this country will move depends not everything, but a lot. leopards and abrams did not leave donald trump indifferent, first tanks, then nuclear weapons to stop this crazy war. now it's so easy to do, well, everything is always simple for trump, but the expansion and complication of the range of supplies is undoubtedly an escalation.

or, as they say now, the transition of the next red lines. earlier. true, it was believed that the red line, only one of its intersections , entails a crushing response, but in a hybrid war, apparently, or not appropriate, be that as it may , the confrontation has its own logic, and the more pressure, the more impressive the answer should be, and the limit of impressiveness, really the nuclear factor trump doni, the subject is delicate, it is impossible to use nuclear weapons, at least that was the consensus in the cold war, but the opponent should have no doubt that if necessary, this paradox and his evolution, we will discuss with dmitry stefanovich of the institute of the world economy of international relations. hello dima. hello, let's start. let's go with theory. that's all the same, the concept of deterrence, there is a system of signals, warnings, hints

signs, how developed it is and what role does it play? indeed, signals in nuclear deterrence are a very important thing, but the main problem is that we do not have any established system of these signals. everyone understands them in their own way, of course, in order to restrain the opponent, one must somehow convey this or that information to him, but how it is communicated, and how it is perceived. we can guess based on the results of certain actions, the main problem is that those comments, these exercises that take place, they must somehow be tied to official nuclear doctrine to the so-called declarative policy, which is also not some great doctrine, which is not something infallible. in case of war. naturally, it will not be read in the event of a nuclear war, but nevertheless there must be some kind of correspondence. this is not always followed. moreover, this is not always observed , and i'm sorry. in the event of a war, they will not read it. but if a decision is made at the beginning of it , at the moment before, he will probably remember what is written there or is also no longer there. uh, very

interesting point. there is specifically in our. uh, in our respective document, the basis of state policy in the field of nuclear deterrence. there is a separate clause there that explicitly states that the decision is naturally made by the president and he can inform the international community or the addressee or anyone else that such a decision was made before during or after application. here, uh, will he be guided by this document? this is of course a big question. uh, because after all, probably, some strategic tactical considerations can to have supreme power here too. we also face such a problem that we do not have any single standard for transparency of openness and ambiguity of what in english is called the beautiful word, ginger. each side decides for itself. maybe , in general, in the sense of somehow deficient, and for that and in two senses, one of the norms of transportability in the nuclear sphere, maybe something that everyone admits that yes. we deliberately keep the ambiguity, because if we

just accurately draw this very red line, after which begins nuclear war, then this will be a signal , again a signal for everyone else, that anything can be done before this red line . here, uh, the red line, a very popular word now, the phrase sounds all the time. uh, it feels like this is one of the baskets you mentioned from the most declarative. it's as if it doesn't work anymore, because, well, my feeling may be erroneous, that no one pays attention. that's just literally about these tanks to ukraine, the official representative of the administration of the american said we were closely monitoring the signals. but actually, we haven't heard any signals yet. therefore, we will continue. that is, it works. this is all already shaking the air does not work. but it seems to me, still with the denial of air. this is too loud wording for this and the area. uh, because, as it were, nuclear signals are still more or less read from a different problem. here also in the fact that between

containment and enforcement the boundaries have become very thin. if not aesthetic, respectively, on the one hand. we are trying to force our opponent to refrain from some actions, but exactly the same thing can be interpreted as the fact that we are forcing to some other actions and here it also comes in. there is a factor in the game that no one wants to give back, no one wants to show weakness, that how is it that we were forced to do so, that we succumbed to nuclear blackmail and this also leads to interesting moments, now such a narrative is spreading, which is very loved. uh, nuclear positionists that nuclear weapons are the only ones from him problems, because everyone is hiding behind them and doing their dirty shit, another problem is that the conclusion from this may be that everyone needs to get nuclear weapons, and here again we are faced with a potential crisis of proliferation regimes. here is mentioned about scare. uh, a couple of months ago we had dmitry training on the air, who just said very clearly that the fear was gone. the horror

of a nuclear war must be returned, because otherwise nothing will work. then caused quite a violent reaction up to the fact that i received letters from the united states there, that in the end you will try to scare us , and so on. and how do you think, well , there is a certain logic in this, how do you think. what do we have now for fears, firstly, is it needed, and secondly, is it really there or is it really forgotten, and i would actually turn the question of fear a little bit from a different angle, because there is not only fear. in the context of the fact that someone is afraid that someone will apply, but also of the one who is going to apply. yeah, we weren't there and it's really scary, because as if worse, as they often say , worse than what does not fall on the ground. after the premiere weapons will be that if the sky does not fall to the ground, because then it's like , well, open season, as the hunters that they are say, but is it necessary to be afraid, is it necessary to stimulate this fear of nuclear

weapons? e of our counterparties is also a moot point in the first place, because, as the history of nuclear crises of the past cold war shows, when we are afraid of each other , this may not end in anything good and in fact, there is a controversial opinion, but worthy of attention that, in principle, all detente and disarmament of the more or less serious eighties began when they realized in the usa. uh, the fact that the soviet union is sincerely afraid of the first strike is sincerely afraid of the us war and, accordingly , is doing everything possible to prevent it. yes, as if he does it all with a huge margin, one cannot say that they were not afraid on the other side. we also know very well the stories about there, about the very bending of the female awakened at night. that's about kennedy who said that he was perfectly restrained by several missiles, so he did not understand why hundreds of thousands of them were needed. now, if this fear now, i think, it

simply persists, because, well, how can it be? we the problem is that this is fear, it is already theoretical, they were practically in the cold war, nevertheless they fought among themselves and people who really fought, who knew the horrors of war, and who saw nuclear tests. and now, of course, we have a completely different generation. true, wars, of course, are already reminiscent. thanks in 1945 after the us dropped the atomic bomb on japan, manhattan project director robert oppenheimer and physicist albert einstein founded the atomic scientists' bulletin organization, a magazine of the same name to warn the world of the dangers of nuclear weapons, 2 years later. they created the doomsday clock, which became a symbol of the nuclear age, the clock

hands set at 23:53 7 minutes to midnight showed the time that humanity had left before a global catastrophe. the hands of the clock have translated more than once and now on days and moved another 10 seconds forward. they now show 90 seconds to midnight , or times without precedent hazard. in the fifties, they measured the accumulation of nuclear arsenals from the ussr by the united states; fears of a pre-nuclear war permeated all americans. the society and culture in the country held nationwide exercises rehearsing the rescue of the president and the evacuation of the state department, and in schools, children were taught how to build bomb shelters and protect themselves from radioactive fallout in an american short film. get down and bleed the main character turtle bird and the staff of the safety commission told how to behave in the event of a nuclear catastrophe.

on fear, commercial firms were selling safe houses of varying levels of comfort from an ope hideout for $13.50 to a luxury home, for $5,000 life magazine even published a story of newlyweds who spent their honeymoon in a room of steel and concrete 12 feet underground fifty the fourth year during the test of the hydrogen bomb on whether the bikini , the us administration did not warn others here countries that they did not enter the zone from uncle as a result, after the explosion of the japanese fishing boat lucky dragon, those nearby were covered with radioactive fallout , the crew showed signs of radiation poisoning, the incident recalled the tragedy in hiroshima nagasaka. a powerful anti-nuclear movement began in japan in august 1955 in hiroshima for the first time a world conference against atomic and hydrogen bombs was held , then a conference on the peaceful use

of nuclear energy was held at the headquarters in the apartment, he already in november 1961, during the cold war conversation, about 50,000 women took to the demonstrations in the 60s of the united states with the slogan to end the arms race, and not to humanity in the sixty-fourth similar machines of the world passed in australia and in the seventies in france in just 2 years 10 anti-nuclear demonstrations in which 175,000 people took part. in june 1982, in new york , more than a million people came out to fight against nuclear weapons, not only for peace, but because of the suspension of nuclear power plants after the disaster. in chernobyl nuclear energy almost disappeared from the agenda of most countries and a number of groups pending the nuclear movement, believing that their goal had been achieved, disintegrated. but you remembered