as for the so-called price ceilings , it is noteworthy that croatia and bulgaria, as well as landlocked eu countries, were immediately removed from these sanctions. i will add that moscow has repeatedly stated that energy resources will not be sold to countries that have introduced such non-market restrictions. a new intrigue with the mysterious my rosstat over the united states on social networks claims that he was allegedly shot down, referring to amateur footage, but the military denies this, and the authorities of the state of montana evade comments. however, scandals do not subside. due to the fact that the air defense forces of the united states and canada were unable to detect the object in their airspace in time. the white house officially began to isolate the assets of russian business kiev sent more than $ 5 million, for frozen accounts in the states, entrepreneurs konstantin malafeev, who twice fell under us sanctions, russia has already indicated its position on this issue and noted that such a step would be outright theft. since

there are no legal grounds for confiscation of assets. new us and eu sanctions against russian oil products, how non-market methods of regulation work and whether they work at all, as well as aggravation in the middle east what is the likelihood of a conflict between israel and iran about this and not only look immediately after the advertisement in the international review program. i tell you for sure, maybe he is your favorite grant with a big juicy, cutlet, melting, cheese onions and cucumbers, for sure, he is try the grand double grant and grand deluxe. and the new product grant three cheeses only in delicious and point

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hello on the air international review in the studio of fyodor lukyanov sunday another restrictive measure against russia comes into force following the exorbitant cost russian oil, it has been in effect since december 5. the european union agreed on a price ceiling for petroleum products, probably the most famous of them, kerosene, one of fiction under such lamps. how much is written lamp kerosene candle stearin rocker with a bucket and an inkwell with a pen samuil marshak classic. now the truth is other oil products in the price. the sumerians and the assyrians used petroleum bitumen in construction , they mixed the viscous substance with sand or gravel and formed bricks from it , coated the seams of buildings, but strengthened the boats the egyptians

used rarer liquid oil for embalming the dead and in medicine, while the byzantines used greek weapons as fuel for roads and banks of reservoirs. fire even more possibilities. it appeared after the discovery of processing technology in 1741 at the st. petersburg academy of sciences, the first direct distillation of oil was carried out and kerosene distillate was obtained, but the substance received its name only a century later, when the canadian geologist abraham gessner patented the trademark kerosene in the usa, this flammable liquid did not leave on the mountains and experience and was six times cheaper than whale oil and much safer than the popular, but explosive candy, and therefore used for filling lamps and cooking, and then for medicinal purposes back in 1825 , the english scientist michael farade, discovered that during the distillation of oil, at first, gasoline was considered

a by-product by many oil companies and dumped into the river. it was cheaper than trying to sell it. then gasoline began to be sold in small quantities in pharmacies, as an antiseptic and a cleaning agent, the situation changed in 1876 in 1907, when the german engineer nicholas utta invented the internal combustion engine and offered gasoline to refuel cars at pharmacies, queues of motorists began to line up in 1907, standard oil opened the first gasoline filling station on the network, and in the twenties, their number increased exponentially. then from oil. the synthetic fiber from nylon has been removed. which they began to make sewing threads, fishing nets and conveyor belts, and stockings because of this material, which during the second world war were more expensive than silk emphasized the special status of their owners, then all the nylon went to the needs of the army for

tailoring the shape of parachute ropes, they found oil, it is also used in the food industry chewing gum, for example, it is petroleum polymers that make viscous, so it does not decompose when it enters the environment. however, the most popular product. oil refining, fuel remains. it accounts for half of the total volume of all petroleum products produced in the world annually. and exciting developments in the global energy markets, let's talk with our good friend marcel salikhov, president of the energy institute. and finance marseille hello well let's start with the most pressing on kerosene. it also limited prices. and in general, where does kerosene go now in the first place. this is aviation kerosene - this is the fuel for aircraft. here, uh, because, well, additional additives are required. here, so that at a height

the fuel, as it were, would work. here and uh, most likely, restrictions will also be introduced on it. that is, now the european commission is considering the option of limiting from above and from below. ah. from below, too, from below, too, but the problem is that it is not a problem that there are oil products that are traded relatively speaking, as with a premium to crude oil. this is gasoline diesel aviation kerosene. and there are oil products that are traded at a discount, this is primarily fuel oil, that is, such residual products of oil refining. that's why, now , at least, the option that was publicly announced, which is on top for such premium oil products. this is 100 dollars per barrel, that is, no more than 100 dollars per barrel here, and accordingly for fuel oil, and this is 45 dollars. oh, you've already started. actually, you are telling the specifics and just

thought you don’t understand anything in this, that i am starting a much more complex complex market and a complex mechanism than just a ceiling on oil. what other features of petroleum products are there. just a lot of them, many different types and so on. so, unlike crude oil, where you can say that there is such a global market and there are some global benchmarks for oil prices, but for oil products everything is much more complicated, because that the markets are mostly regional here. and e petroleum products, they are mainly processed in consumption centers. traditionally , the united states is the leader in terms of oil refining before the pandemic escalation of the conflict in ukraine, the country processed almost 19 million barrels of oil daily, today it is less than 18, however. this is the highest rate in the world and one-fifth of the world's refining capacity last year in

the country rose to a record price of fuel in june , the mark of $ 5 per gallon, gasoline. passed 21 states, and the average cost a gallon of diesel was over $5.5 compared to just over three a year earlier, according to the departments. energy information usa russia provided up to 20% of oil products imports to the usa but recently , fuel prices have remained declining due to another wave of coronavirus , china was the largest oil refiner daily more than 17 million barrels and so far factories in the usa have been closed. for example, shell in louisiana opened new ones in china, only four of them process more than a million barrels per day. that is, just how much the whole of great britain is. and this year, beijing increased the fuel export quota by another 50% ; it is expected that in the first half of the year the volume of diesel supplies from china will reach 400-600,000

barrels per day in russia , about 7 million barrels of oil per day are processed daily until recently, about 2-3 exports of oil products were to european countries, and a fifth to china, due to western sanctions, the country reoriented the export of the countries of the middle east and asia among the main exports of oil products to cars, which is used as a diesel fuel or solvent in the gazul paint and varnish industry, for the production of fuel mixtures, as well as fuel oil for domestic and industrial heating boilers, in addition. it supplied customers with gasoline jet fuel and petroleum coke residue from refining, which is used in power generation and in cement kilns, another major player in the petroleum product market. india , the country refines about 5 million barrels of oil per day and has turned anti-russian sanctions in its favor.

urals buys russian oil at a thirty percent discount, sends it for processing, and then delivers it to europe from the usa in the form of jet fuel chemicals , diesel fuel and gasoline. the country mainly produces petrochemical products of the widest range from fuel oil yes to lubricants. and our regional market is traditionally europe, right? and yes, of course, that is, here, too, as with oil. will have to look for other suppliers, but consumers, but that the export of oil products to turkey to africa has grown significantly. and even now russia supplies diesel fuel there.

oddly enough, to brazil, uh, here, uh, that is, this process is taking place, but after february 5, and when the embargo is introduced by the european union, respectively, well , somewhere else, but about one and a half million barrels of oil exports. well, all this can be considered there somewhere around three, but we will have to transfer it to some other markets, and the domestic market will not help us. this is all somehow use for the benefit of the national economy. and domestic demand is growing. that's last year. it has grown quite a lot, especially for diesel fuel. but all the same, the size of the domestic market is not enough to absorb the entire volume of production. that's the main problem, let's say it will be for fuel oil, because fuel oil, uh, it is not practically consumed inside russia , that is, and most often it was supplied there to european factories, but mixed with something

else and finalized, because uh hmm russian factories, unfortunately, many of them are super-technological. that's why they leave a lot of fuel oil, and in the production of gasoline and there on such basic fuels. that's why you still need to wear fuel oil somewhere. well, if you expand it a little, exactly 2 months, since the ceiling on oil was introduced, and not so long. but is it possible to draw any conclusions whether it works or not, have you achieved it ? that e works fine, but achieved and what did you want from the other side? and if you look at the export figures, it's not that they didn't fall, they even grew in january. and

so now the main feature is that, well, the price. uh, the price cap, it doesn't work because, well, russian oil prices are basically below the cap, so, naturally, for natural reasons. yes, because world oil prices. they are also at relatively low levels. and therefore say, what will happen when the price, let's say, exceeds the price ceiling and how big the restrictions will be, and from the point of view. there uh, transport insurance providing other services is incomprehensible. last december, the european union imposed an embargo on the supply of russian oil to european ships, insurers and others, participants in the maritime transport market were banned from transporting crude oil from russia if it was purchased at prices above the established ceiling. however , european companies continued to transport

russian hydrocarbons, arguing that that this oil was originally produced in another region, and only transited through russia, the publication invest and says and united reporters found out that after the new package of sanctions came into force tankers from europe with a volume of 16 million d2 tons with russian oil and gas and coal made hundreds of voyages, including to european ports. transportation was carried out mainly by greek tankers, but there were ships from germany monaco what sales to norway and the uk only from december to january? about 700 russian ports left flights with a cargo of hydrocarbons on board. of these, 250 were carried out by eu tankers , the british magazine economest claims that today most of the oil from russia is exported by sea through gray channels, in which it is not easy to determine the direction of travel and even

the carrier on the chart. they are grayed out these gray networks are not recognized by the new ceiling, but are not illegal. because they do not use western logistics and deliver russian oil to countries that did not impose an embargo. against her along with this , russia continues to supply oil to deceit and the united arab emirate is the largest black gold miner. last year. they imported russian oil more than in the previous three years combined experts in this. they saw the intention to mix it with other oil and resell it to europe in this way, after the introduction of december sanctions , exports from russia decreased, but after only 2 months. backed notes logs. well, i can, of course, not know the details, and maybe i'm wrong, but it seems to me that such a political scale

intervention in the world market. well , at least there probably wasn’t, here they purposefully tried to change, so to speak, the conjuncture and everything else, firstly, maybe i’m right, isn’t it? i don’t know if there is a comparison, let’s say with the arab barn of the seventies. and most importantly, what will it lead to? hmm. i think, here is an analogy, probably, the next ones are just the seventies seventy-three seventy -four, then, in fact, the arab countries and opec were reshaping the world market. that is, in fact, they took away. uh, right, well making certain decisions there, including prices from e, major to yourself. so , in fact, part of this process has become and so on, there is an oil crisis, and in fact, prices then rose much more, that is, oil prices there. 10-15 times, but we do not observe such hmm prices, in principle, are at relatively normal levels and in fact. this means that the market

continues to work. ah and i think in terms of hmm that's the global market. and if there is no replacement, that is, if there is no alternative, who will come from producers, and to replace russian oil, then all attempts to limit. they will be inevitable, well, they will fail, because, but oil is needed and there will be one way or another, how to deliver it, transport it , insure it, and so on, simply because there is no alternative. but for russia it matters a lot, of course, at what prices to export? because now you still need to understand that russia exports oil at a big discount. that is, it is forced to provide a discount to customers in order to create incentives. buy russian the products are good and then the last question is important for us all the previous couple of years there uh plus it's such a magic formula.

uh, success, what is now in these conditions with this association and uh, how are things here with the contract, the ability, when something changes from all sides while the opek takes a very cautious position. but i would say that he does not make any sudden movements. here is the last such essential decision. it was last october when they decided to cut production by, uh, 2 million barrels a day. day partly it, well partly it's such a paper cut. that's because many countries do not produce blood at the level of their own. therefore, what happens in the reduction. here, in fact, it does not affect the physical volumes. but if we look at it, the current data on the production of saudi arabia, the united arab emirates, they really reduced production to some extent, and this is some kind of

support for the russian industry. because if the foreign middle east cut production, then this means that the demand, and for russian oil. he is also saved, so i would say that he was a guard in general. rather, it adheres to the position of supporting russia. and naturally, guardianship does not like any, but some attempts to maintain price ceilings of restrictions and so on, because they understand that in some foreseeable future. perhaps they will be the next target. but on the other hand. they don't want to ruin relationships with their key customers. that is why there is some support, but it is not unconditional. well it's not anyway philanthropy. they think before their own interests, of course, about their economy. in principle, it is absolutely reasonable thank you. with us was marcel salnikov, the main energy reservoir of the world of the middle east , so it was for most of the past century

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again for the spark between iran and israel unknown drones attacked military infrastructure in isfahan, there are doubts who it was not in iran believe that israeli forces are behind the attack. this is their style and handwriting. they have certain elements inside iran and use agents to make it clear that there are people in iranian society who are capable of acting. so there is no doubt. iran has always been sure that israel is behind the assassination attempts on iranian officials, including attempts to undermine the nuclear program, whether it is or not, but the topic is constantly provokes tension and recent attacks on objects in spain from the same category so far there have been no acts of retribution against israel or against the united states, but of course,

each such event strengthens conservative forces in iran. this means that iran will direct even more funds to the military and special activities in the region or even more openly or covertly iran operates through forces loyal to it, adjacent countries and on the territory of lebanon syria gas. all this poses a threat to israeli security. it is not an external force that is now manifesting in the middle east. as recently, namely, regional players. everyone has their own interests and ideas of justice and the means to approve these ideas, by the way, are considerable. according to the global fire power portal, iran occupies the seventeenth position among all the armies of the world, immediately followed by the army, israel, while it is extremely difficult to assess the real combat capabilities of both countries, for example, the same analysts believe that

the egyptian army, now more powerful than the iranian and israeli ones, is on the fourteenth place since the founding of the jewish state. the israel defense forces is formed by conscription and consists of three types of armed forces, land air and naval forces and a total strength of about 177,000 people, but the mobilization reserve in case of war is about half a million, and the full mobilization of more than three million people, thanks to this, the israeli army defeated all the arabs of the israeli soldiers, the arab armies did not manage to achieve an advantage on the battlefield, at least two to one. economic reasons they could not afford to be drafted into the army. so many people, the population of iran also exceeds the population of israel, and almost 10 times, and more than half of them are young people, who theoretically can be put under arms.

can iran afford it from an economic point of view, it is difficult to say that in both armies they serve on an equal footing with men and the women armed with the force of iran consist of two independent structures of the army of the islamic republic and the corps of the guards of the islamic revolution, both structures have their own ground units of the air force fleet and pvc but despite the numerical superiority. iranian. the army is equipped much worse than the israeli army, israel has its own merkava tanks, apache helicopters and modern american f-35 fighters in service with the iranian ground forces, t-72 tanks, soviet armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, and the air fleet is 300 old aircraft. yes, among them are very expensive american f-14s tomkid, but they are too old, there are still french and soviet aircraft, as well as new iranian drones, but israel and iran are separated by each other

from a friend of syria and cancer, which excludes the possibility of a direct large-scale land invasion in a straight line on the map between tel aviv and tehran, more than one and a half thousand kilometers in syria, lebanon and cancer , there are numerous militants of the islamic revolutionary guard corps and supporters of these formations are under constant attack from israel for 15 years now , iran’s nuclear program in tehran, its att as a peaceful one, and in israel, the united states, as an intention to acquire nuclear weapons, the idea of ​​​​destroying iranian facilities of brute force was discussed even at us president bush jr. prime minister of israel was then. by the way, it’s not tonyahu right there, then the pendulum swung towards diplomacy in the fifteenth year they signed a multilateral agreement, then trump came and

ruined everything. the main nuclear facilities of iran are the plant for the production of heavy water in arak, the uranium mines of sagant and the gochin uranium enrichment plant, and the nuclear centers in tehran. parchini on tanz and the only nuclear plant in bushehr after the us withdrawal and joint action plan in 2018 , iranian president hassan rauhani, waited a year, and then began to gradually abandon the commitments it had made , enrichment limits were raised, and a thousand new centrifuges were launched. at the ford plant, iran closed its nuclear facilities to the people by the inspector, according to rich data, in december last year, uranium was 62 kg, enriched up to 60%. and this is 6 kg more than september stocks, if it is too early to enrich it to the level of 90%, it

may well be enough for production. the nuclear device in general, iran has more than 3.5 tons of uranium of varying degrees of enrichment. this is bigger, than 10 times the limit imposed on it under the 2015 nuclear deal, while the exact data is unknown. since the iranian authorities turned off the cameras of constant surveillance of their nuclear facilities used by the iaea, the hope for a return to the 2015 agreement is very illusory then tehran agreed to limit its nuclear program in exchange for the removal of international sanctions from it sanctions were partially lifted, but soon they returned again now not only us but also euro troika, france germany or uk charge iran, in violation of its obligations on the other side of russia, china is blocking the adoption of new anti-iranian resolutions.