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a revolutionary discovery and creating the latest technology in 2022 , the decade of science and technology was announced in the country. this global initiative helps develop projects of researchers across the country. what nickname was given to the cloned cow, how nanotubes will help purify the atmosphere, and how malkirs help fight oncology , evgeny nipov will tell about this in a special report. the decades of science and technology have been announced in russia in 2022. the main goals are to attract as many young people as possible to the scientific field, as well as to involve researchers in the process of solving

the main tasks that the state is currently facing. and, of course, the popularization of science in society about how the first year went. this truly important initiative. we will tell in our special report. in the first year of this decade , dozens of projects were implemented, hundreds are planned , all distributed across 18 initiatives, one of them is science, how art helps to tell developments using rt objects. like, for example, this one at the skolkovo institute of science and technology, the author is an artist. valya paella is essentially a pipe. it in the center is very similar to what it is in reality with a slight difference that ours on the tube is about 10 billion times thinner dmitry krasnikov, senior lecturer. chekhov, together with colleagues, is working on materials obtained from nanotubes of the most stable carbon structures, consisting of hexagons rolled into a cylinder; nanotube products have great prospects for use in various industries from electronics to medicine. these can be transparent electrodes for touchscreens of the future or for artificial skin. these can be fresnel lenses, optical

activators for traditional radiations, which we do in conjunction. or it could be those very membranes or the foundations of these membranes to capture either gases or harmful aerosol substances from the environment. issues of medical attention, special membrane due to the tubes effectively trap viruses and fungi. nanotubes are also suitable for creating industrial filters for carbon dioxide traps. we, as a species , as a civilization, have heavily polluted the planet and , for example, the amount of co2 that is now around us is twice as much as the gas that alexander sergeevich pushkin and this soul-2 breathed. he is on his own, like a trigger that will launch, and they are already launching now the process is global. and we need to act right now and here to solve this uh problem, we can apply uh, offer uh, an interesting and such a dual, in a sense , synergistic approach, talking about working with natural gas methane. now energy

is mainly obtained by burning it, scientists propose to obtain hydrogen from it. the most environmentally friendly fuel technology processor designed to avoid co2 emissions into the atmosphere hydrogen is not the only product. there will also be carbon -carbon with added value, that is, these same tubes that can be used and we are now actively working on this as the basis for e, sorbents and membranes for removal from co2 , the laboratory team has created a special installation. a gas flow and a catalyst pass through it. as a result, it turns out the aerosol technology only seems to be a simple repeater, only a few teams on the planet can create an analogue. it's a very black film of carbon on the tubes. anyway, it is literally several hundred per meter thick. attention to the developments of scientists in russia, according to dmitry grows thanks to for the decade of science and technology, nothing is done in a year, especially in science. our planning horizons are 3-5 years. building big teams. ah, training new guys. uh, interactions with industry are all an important piece of the puzzle,

without which the whole structure does not work. everything will work only together and unconditionally. uh, the fact that our state creates an integrated approach. this is certainly important and such a project. and only confirm the thesis of many objects that are studied by researchers. akin to a masterpiece created by the universe, and the most beautiful ones we see every day. tatyana podkladchikova, director of the center for system design at school of technology , speaks enthusiastically about the sun, a star, which has devoted a lot of scientific work to a huge one. together with a cardinal mass ejection , they are similar, well, a supersonic aircraft is given a shock wave of this, even a wave arrives at us on earth , it will gather, i look problematic very beautifully , so even the cameramen of our film crew do not refrain from asking questions. during interview preparation how long it takes for light to come on, slowly,

millions of years, somewhere very slow. well, here's what's going on right now. well, the sun is still there. it originated in the core of the sun a million years ago before modern man homo sapience was formed scientists follow space weather a complex of phenomena such as corona flares and magnetic storm ejections aurora borealis, thanks to the work of tatyana, new services have appeared that help predict solar events around the world . for more than ten years, izhevsk is an outstanding russian biophysicist spoke about the fact that the earth is constantly in the arms of the sun, when the solar wind blows out the magnetic field from the sun and the solar wind fills the entire sol. on the system, but in the form of such a spiral, we even sometimes call it a ballerina's skirt and the earth and all the planets of the solar system live in the folds of this skirt, and therefore it is not surprising that the sun e influences our life, and we are constantly in its hot embrace. i feel his hot breath, all these phenomena

have a tremendous impact on the life of mankind. so in the 19th century, sunny the superstorm recorded by the scientist carenson led to the construction of telegraph lines in europe and the usa and all over the planet, even at the equator, powerful auroras were observed that turned night into day, if the events of carrington, which was in the nineteenth century, are repeated today. we will be left without electricity heating the internet. under conditions of uncertainty of panic and according to experts, the recovery of the infrastructure economy will take about 10 years and several trillion dollars, so scientists from all over the world are actively collaborating to solving the most important problems in solar physics literally in january, russian european astronomers presented a new approach for predicting geomagnetic storms using coronal holes in the sun. this will help prepare for geomagnetic storms in a few days, not hours. every day we receive 1.5 tb of data money. it can be compared to loading. uh, hmm half a million songs a day and using dozens of observatories in space on

earth. we can study solar physics and space weather forecasting in tatyana's team, among other things, develops its own microsatellite instruments, which can be engaged, for example, in monitoring forest fires, be elements of communication systems and, of course, collect data for space research. the structure is engaged in the design, manufacture and management of microsatellites already in orbit. these are satellites. last year , two kupsat satellites of the three-module three -module format were launched; now we control them in orbit. uh, companions, tatiana feel beautiful and fulfill their tasks notes for scientists it is important for the state to pay attention to space research. also new developments. they only help to master the space to carry new knowledge, but have a significant impact on technologies on earth, which are becoming an integral part of our daily life of the data transmission system. eh, wi-fi. this also came from

space research and from international cooperation - this is the law of nature. even let's take an example um. e python programming language python. it is an open source language. and this means that all people participate in this process, and it develops by family steps, in the same way and equally, and therefore, when the state also helps scientific research. it moves science forward. one of the initiatives of the decade of the platform for the interaction of science, business, state and society is designed to speed up the process of introducing developments from the laboratory to the assembly line. center for infochemistry at itmo university its founders leading professor ekaterina skor worked at the german maxaplanck institute at the american harvard moved to russia for 5 years has been developing the direction info-chemistry in st. petersburg in my region

, russia is definitely the best place on earth under an umbrella, and we collect all these areas at the intersection of chemistry and these technologies. well, the way out, of course , is to use artificial intelligence in chemistry. in a complex mathematical model , a team of scientists led by ekaterina implements many projects. among them is an electrochemical sensor platform. the so-called potentiate, which allows you to detect given compounds in liquids, the concentration of antibiotics and the presence in milk, but this way you can analyze the concentration corrosion inhibitors, for example, water oil, simply lower such a handle, and this is connected to the tablet to the phone. you start the analysis itself so that the device learns to distinguish between target substances, for example, the same antibiotics in milk, scientists have done a tremendous amount of work, even now we, for example, have done a relatively small volume in general. ah. database learning machine

this is for comparing detection in antibiotics and only for each antibiotic we have already held more status and here robots come to the aid of scientists and take on the lion's share share of routine tasks is able to prepare a solution for himself. uh, mix the ingredients in the right ratio. well , you don’t do all this, but the robot helps you collect a database, and you only analyze it, according to ekaterina, the current situation in the world. this is not only a time of challenges, but also, first of all , of opportunities within the framework of what is happening now, everyone is very open to initiatives. that is, if you have a team, if you have working hands, if you have an idea, and everyone is ready, but consider how uh it is, if it is can help in the country, can help the world the development of some industry and direction. you can, of course, get separate funds allocated there for this. the development of russian scientists is relevant for various fields. there are great prospects for her medical care. applications are already used today as

a glucometer, for example, but it can have a huge functionality. this is not only a definition of glucose, it can be a palette for a-a urolithiasis. these are biometers for determining the concentration of copper, well , various heavy metals in bioanalytes. well here, and such projects, in fact, and e are needed for personalized diagnostics, the platform shows the interests of representatives of the food industry, they want to introduce development at enterprises to control the quality of milk, if this scientific group deals with issues of the chemical composition of products, then the next one, which we will tell, works directly with its manufacturers. this is a flower. the first cloned cow in russia, and next to her offspring, a calf named decembrist

, is named so because she was born in canon of the new year december 30 experimental farm of the federal research center for animal husbandry. here is a unique collection of russian breeds of cattle, many of which are on the verge of extinction. and here we have, uh, the red gorbatov breed is known for being resistant to leukemia. she came to us from the nizhny novgorod region , the yakut breed of cattle, 600 heads in total are left. uh, here, too, came from yakutia, that is, it is known for being able to calmly survive these animals from 50 °. eh, this donors from which we create a bank of embryos in order to preserve this breed in the center, a unique bank of biomaterials was formed in more than 300,000 samples from one of these test tubes and the life of the first russian cloned cow began. the largest bio-resource collection in our country is samples of cattle, pigs, reindeer sheep, samples

of sturgeon fish will also come here, says natalia zinovieva , academician of the round director of the center of the structure, on the basis of which technologies are being improved animal genome editing; and dynamo editing technology. it allows, e, purposefully changing specific parts of the animal genome and allows solving narrower and more specialized tasks. and here is the technology of cloning. it is considered today as the main technological platform for the efficient production of genetically edited animals, genome editing and cloning is the most difficult high-tech process at this stage. of course, it will not replace the classical methods selection, but will allow you to get animals with unique qualities it is possible that even a cow that will give, for example, low allergenic milk. it is our technological readiness that will allow us to get started quickly. the fulfillment of a specific task and then it will become the task of quickly introducing the necessary changes in angry animals that will make these animals resistant to a particular disease, and

here is genomic editing and cloning as the main platform for pre-enome editing. she will let it go quickly solve the problem it is interesting that the process does not always require the cellular material of a male. if it is necessary to clone a female into a donor acid, an egg cell devoid of its own genetic information , a female somatic cell is transplanted. we are trying to use assisted reproductive biotechnologies. first of all, the breeding process and cloning specifically. right now we are considering how to obtain animals with new economic useful features of the laboratory, experimental bryology, undergo the most important and complex manipulations. here they work with objects whose size starts from 15 µm spherical round. it is still fixed on a pipette, like it is soap bubbles. yes, we knock it out. approximately the same bubble that is located on the tip of this dispenser. here we can compare it here is an assessment that fixed at the factory, ready-made, fertilized material is promptly transferred to veterinarians by a surgeon, and not in a few minutes,

a surrogate mother’s acid is planted with the help of endoscopes this time it’s nice to clone a sheep, then on an ultrasound to see that your work did not go to waste, that inside there, roughly speaking, this or another sheep, maybe, uh, lamb, and then already to the extent. ultrasound diagnostics you watch how it grows, how its heart begins to beat just a few minutes after the manipulation, the animals are on their feet. quickly returning to the herd of the federal center live truly unique animals, for example, then from this old mountain sheep, the only hybrid of the romanov sheep in the world and by the mundane argali the planned lamb named. kongur. took the best economic quality from domestic breed from wild ancestors endurance and strength now he is 7 months old. and as we can see, as it were, very, strong animals feel good, as if

everything is completely healthy, and we think that already in the next 3 months there. it will be able to bring later. the research center implements a wide range of areas, among which there are exotic ones such as paliogenetics, a joint project with the institute of wound archeology some samples are over 30,000 years old in the genomes of modern highly productive animals. and we can find those historical ones. what has changed among these changes will be our potential candidate genes and potential dna markers. here are the technical productive indicators that are economically significant today and used in the breeding process in the center are working on two new areas , scientists will deal with the selection of feed in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, and have already created a youth unit, which improve the genes of fish around the culture , both laboratories are open thanks to a national project of science and the university. well, it can be grown at sturgeon hatcheries and sold, as marketable fish

are implementing new directions under the national project , uh, decades, science and technology. and this is what they say before, they didn't pay attention to us. no, really, as if science is supported. especially in recent years. we understand that what we are doing today. this is important for the state. this is assessed by the state, but this imposes additional responsibility on us, so uh, of course, u, we are sort of glad that u decade, u of science has arrived. we are glad that only one year has passed so far. he still has time ahead . at mipt he made a discovery that, without exaggeration, is capable of turning the idea of ​​modern biology upside down, his article was published in one of

the world's most prestigious journals in the field. dna molecules are the main custodian of genetic information they have all the building documentation for creating new cells 70 years since the discovery of the structure of dna by scientists watson and crick, it was believed that significant information is transmitted between the chains of the molecule only under certain conditions, each of the chains consists of bricks, a tgz , complementarity is a rule that a on one chain must be clearly connected with m on the other chain, and r. c. and due to such a clear separation, just the very only correct connection is formed that forms a double helix. it took maxim nikitina nine years of experiments to prove that information can be transmitted and received not only by complementary, that is , matching chains, but also by those

whose interaction was previously considered insignificant. uh, such chaos white noise what i showed is just that if we have a not ideal couple, a very effective transfer of information can still happen, and it can go. with a cad, that is, in the end even those two chains that well should never be connected as a whole. here, in principle, they can transmit information through a large number of intermediaries, such as an element from a hearing discovery, perhaps helping scientists understand how to improve gene therapy , improve vaccines, perhaps find keys to treating previously incurable diseases. and even come close to answering question. how life arose, we are very interested to see where this mechanism can occur in nature, that is, or to understand that nature uses it somewhere in various processes, for example, there is the memory of aging and evolution. there is also a possibility that this mechanism, being such a chaotic event, interferes with nature, but she is his e,

they are struggling with it. and if we understand where and how, then perhaps this will give us the keys to a variety of mysteries of nature, to the same memory of evolution, and so on. theoretical research and he himself wrote programs for this. he himself conducted experiments to show how an open phenomenon works. at the same time, they used, among other things , domestic scientific equipment, created together with colleagues, for example, this tomograph. there it was possible to create a device that surpassed the foreign analogue both in terms of analytical characteristics and in many respects in terms of ease of use. maxim nikitin is convinced that the event, which takes place within the framework of the decade of science and technology , motivates scientists to talk more often about their achievements. what attracted great young people, young scientists to cooperation was the congress of young scientists, and it was already the second one . young people could really feel that they were such a powerful driving force of russian science. many people talk about what will remain

a life goal, what you need to li everest or did something that i do, very few people on the planet. here in science, every day we have the opportunity to do what no one has ever done before you on planet earth. it's a fantastic feeling, that's for sure. i would say that i would recommend this experience to everyone and it is worth it to work actively, both with beginners and with future scientists , science initiative projects are nearby thanks to it, more than 30,000 schoolchildren have launched hundreds of research centers mipt employees regularly interact with educational institutions , and timur chernov is completely jealous of the department of biology at the fifty-seventh school in moscow, as part of teaching in parallel at the moscow institute of physics and technology , i very often see students who entered with very high competition, but they did not understand at all what they would have to do in biophysical biomedical disciplines and alone for the purpose of hmm their teaching activities. i put e career guidance in order to dress these as

soon as possible understood, eh? they could feel it with their hands, and what they will have to do later , this workshop is held for a class whose students specialize in biological and chemical research and we will be transplanted to an aggressive environment. uh biota because of the yogurts in the shops that position themselves as fermented milk products containing live cultures of lactic acid bacteria. let's get acquainted with the basic techniques of transplantation of the cultivation of microorganisms, on the other hand. we can analyze. and is there actually live lactic acid bacteria in a-a data, er, brands of products, in a spirit lamp here. yeah you're picking up a little little drop of sample. uh-huh now you set aside on the left, open your sample a little on the petri dish and apply one drop to the center, then we take a spatula and grind it according to the scheme. here there is a very big problem. a hot spatula with a tan will melt it and you will have an uneven environment. how can we avoid this

we need to wait with some schoolchildren. here already there are the first scientific publications most understand. what profession will they choose explicitly molecular biology, perhaps immunology. and here and definitely these classes will help me, because when i remain a brother, and i will be able to do something. this is already experience skills defined very useful skills that are sure to come in handy in working on future projects, timur conducts classes for his students at the mipt laboratory where cancerous tumors follow, creating their 3d models, a serious problem in modern research in cell biology. is that almost everything we know about cells was semi. on fairly simplified models, when cell lines were grown in a single layer on petri dishes and this is most unlike what happens naturally in living organisms for studying tumors and selecting drugs, who treat them effectively in the laboratory have developed a parallel bioscreening platform.

she combined several types of experimental models into one system, in addition to simple ones, more complex parallel screening systems are not used , which implies both 2d models that have just been mentioned, and the cultivation of cancer cells in 3d structures that demonstrate e, various processes more qualitatively, 3d tumor models occurring in living organisms are a sphere. it's like a ball of cells. the ones inside are naturally better protected from external influences. including medication, the third element of screening is work with animal models of objects. in this case, fish fry. we examine under the microscope fry, fish, zebrafish, which are our model object , we model various kinds on them. what is also included in our system of parallel screening in any living object that we would not take the development of the tumor will be more correct than in the situation. we are on a layer of cells on a petre dish such a screening as planned researchers can be put into practice. this will help to better select therapy for cancer patients

to act, addressing the negative consequences for the body by teaching the immune system to distinguish cancer cells from normal ones in most cases. outwardly, they look exactly the same for the body, roughly speaking, this is a story with an attempt. calculate the terrorists in the crowd, which is the same, which means they are dressed yes, they look the same, but we need to somehow get into their heads and try to calculate their future actions. and this is an attempt by this terrorist to translate into, roughly speaking, to create the most natural conditions for him so that he behaves as naturally as possible, and we can, by tracking him , understand at what points he, roughly speaking , will sleep in a year about his projects as part of the science nearby initiative schoolchildren were told by scientists from more than 100 organizations, having conducted classes for almost 50,000 students, i try to get as many people as possible under the radius of defeat of my teaching activity. our lives are getting bigger and bigger

more surrounded by science-intensive technologies, it is impossible to understand them and make the right decision regarding your health, and about some methods of therapy, if you do not have at least a basic understanding of how these technologies work and decades of science and technology in russia in my opinion. quite competently solves this problem, telling our population about what is happening in our country with certain e-biological technologies , there are already thousands of such stories in russia, and the global task of the decade, science and technology russian scientists who are inspired by their work and make revolutionary discoveries and create technologies for the country and the whole world are ready to actively share their achievements and participate in the initiatives of the decade of science and technology. how do they say the first? year normal flight

in turkey, tremors of an earthquake of magnitude over 4 points were recorded near the city of gentreb in the country, thousands of buildings were destroyed under the rubble , a family of russians continues to be about this according to tass with reference to the operational service, people are looking for around the clock in some areas of turkey after the earthquake , the sea level rose, roads from the coastal zone were flooded, residents were hastily evacuated with details from turkey my colleague dmitry gorn. since yesterday we have been talking to turkish experts, including through the russian embassy, ​​but they asked for it.