by her decree, elizabeth established the novo-serbian and slavic-serbian colonies, where immigrants from the balkans serbs, bulgarians , moldova and others came en masse, they were attracted by the distribution of land, the payment of lifting fees to others, with the benefits of the fortress. st. elizabeth later elizavet grad soviet times, kirovograd settled down the community of merchants of the king of rites. they conducted a lucrative trade, held worship under the reform local authorities, it was forbidden to forcibly shave their beards and interfere with the vital treasure of the old believers. it is likely that catherine the great considered novorossia, as an independent part of the russian empire, although this region was firmly connected with the rest of the country , but it could also become a separate platform for experimenting with its socio-political and economic transformations , russian landowners who received

preferential land conditions in new territories for the construction of factories. mines of agricultural holdings, foreign migrants. they could settle in cities and villages, create colonies , start a manufactory and buy factories serfs. they had the duty-free right to open auctions and fairs to receive various courts and benefits by decree of catherine the great in 1764. the settlers, regardless of where they came from, enjoyed all the rights of the old russian ones. the subjects, in modern terms, the empress began to apply the policy of multiculturalism in these territories, new technologies of agriculture, in novorossia, were introduced by german colonists, minanites, members of the protestant sect. they applied deeper plowing of local virgin soil and new principles of crop rotation, exploration development and development of iron

ore reserves. new russia. the scots and the rollers were engaged. the resettlement of the crimean greeks to the azov coast at the end of the 18th century and the creation of mariupol as the center of their compact residence was unique. all the property of the settlers was transported at the expense of the treasury. they were exempted from the state of children for 10 years and received fullness in a new place, put on land and were not drafted into the army. for a migrant of different nationalities and upwards, the russian state has become a natural protector of their interests. as a result, a unique mentality of the inhabitants of novorossiya and the northern black sea region was formed, based on the synthesis of different cultures. love of freedom, hard work, economic enterprise and strong will of those who developed new territories. more details in the story anna

efimova 1775 catherine ii just appointed his serene highness prince potemkin of tauride as the governor-general of novorossia of the territory of the wild field, recently conquered by the turks at that time, a solid voice and the most important state task turn it into a blooming land. in everything that as for the development of the region, the empress personally keeps her finger on the pulse of the intensity of the correspondence between the empress and potemkin can be judged from such documents as short messages of a kind of telegram, which were regularly sent to the addressee along with passive ones. the first thing potemkin did when he became governor of novorossia was to conduct a population census. it turned out that a little more than 150,000 people live on the lands entrusted to him, and half of the nomads, having learned such numbers, potemkin, mother begged, give me little people, or give it away. dima back to turku southern coast catherine allows the prince to resettle novorossia state

serfs from the inner provinces, and in this case there are over 50. e letters. so , uh, these documents have recently been restored - correspondence between empress catherine ii and the prince. it was conducted not only in russian, er, in front of us, a detailed letter that the empress wrote to prince potemkin in french is a huge uninhabited region. the first settlement, which arose literally in the open field of the region, to which, among other things, fugitive peasants aspired, and the prisoners are difficult to resist and not to draw parallels with history. the development of the american wild west, however, in russia and here went its own special way, the settlement of novorossia went in a rather peaceful way, and this, in my opinion, very much distinguishes it from the wild west, the whole history of which this is the history of wars of the struggle of mutual destruction, but first of

all. eh, everything that brought together the genocide of local peoples in novorossia was not driven to anyone with a whip, but was lured exclusively with a carrot. this was especially true for foreigners. they were granted tax breaks, they were exempted from military service, sometimes they fully paid for the move, and even gave them considerable allowances for the first time, often at the expense of the russian crown. the entire infrastructure in the cities was built in the town hall church and even houses for the settlers. they, in turn , reciprocated. the greeks. moldovans bulgarians germans serbs armenians jews contributed to the development of the regions. armenian greek colonies, they were considered here, as promising such peculiar networks, that is, cities that will be, uh the russian empire owes its origin to the balkan colonist, who bred their own variety of wheat in the azov steppes. the so-called arnautka was made from it, unusual for those times, whites.

subsequently, such grain was actively exported to bread by the italians called it pastor taganrogli, not only land plots, but also cities in 1867, the writer mark twain, who visited the southern borders of the russian empire, noted that there were more than 130,000 inhabitants in odessa alone, and she growing faster than any small town. outside america has been there since the 18th century. he’s in trouble, in general, as many as 700,000 people arrived, and in 1914 russian according to adam taking into account bessarabia, it means that the physics of the donskoy army already had 14 million inhabitants, that is, really, no region of europe really knew such a rapid demographic, the main task , especially at first there was an agricultural development of the region to distribute land to private owners. novorossia actively began in 1764 and despite everything the measures taken to settle

free allotments by the middle of the 19th century. there was still quite a lot left, such as pavel ivan chichikov, who bought peasants to withdraw their kherson province in the 19th century, as in the 18th, indeed. many landowners acquired land and brought their serfs to these places, it was in novorossia that such an interesting one appeared, which is absent in russian legislation. the concept, as landowners ' subjects, they invited without any problems to their place on the run. these are the comrades who received the name landlord subjects were not who they were not serfs, but on the other hand , it is also impossible to call them free people, the word catherine ii formally serfdom in the territory of new russia and did not introduce it later, her son did. pavel was the first in the vast undeveloped expanses to control the movement of people was quite difficult and troublesome. perhaps this can partly explain other liberties, the most important of which is freedom of religion, which attracted many

old believers here, impotence, patronage, street the fact is that potemkin was, uh, a distant ancestor, and a well-known uh, figure of such a church schism in russia , spiridon spiridon potemkin and who the old believer community considers one of its first leaders, by the way, he even went to certain, but a certain risk, because the same time was e after pugacheva's pugachev uprising and when was the investigation of pugachev's cases? there they were constantly looking for their old believer trace of novorossiya, a clear example of how, despite all sorts of differences between the settlers, given to them freedom and linguistic religious economic enough to remember odessa and its status as a port of franco contributed to the unity of people the face of novorossia can be called vladimir ivanovich dalya his career was very interesting. he

even fought against the homeland of his ancestors against denmark uh, being a sailor and uh later. he became the creator, in general , of that language, in fact, in which we all speak now, the future ethnic by origin is absolutely not a russian person, unlike the united states with artificially made americans or the soviet union with a fundamentally new soviet type of person, novo russia did not melt culture into something, an averaged and universal variety of culture, to this day represents the cornerstone on which the region stands . about what results the centuries-old social experiment on the lands of novorossia gave. we

will talk with our permanent expert historian rostislav, ishchenko rostislav good afternoon. good afternoon, rostislav, here, conducting this social experiment, i attract people for the development of new territories, catherine went to the outfit of the courageous nations, weakening economic control, attracting foreigners. and what is even more important and on the way to these new lands, that in the end she got what she managed, what it gave. actually, she was faced with the task of populating vast territories of the wild field. well, where no one has ever lived for thousands of years, that is, it was necessary to take people somewhere to somehow convince them to move there. well, firstly, catherine allowed the landowner. e, who received land there move up to yours. that is, to take virtually entire merry villages or villages means to move there from the middle lane, which means, secondly, uh, there was an attempt there,

to besiege the jews on the ground and create from them such an estate of tillers. this attempt just failed, so, uh, that is, all this in total. yes, a rather interesting picture of the competition of many ways. here, there, it means, a purely feudal, slanderous economy arose. dusty rural next to it were purely capitalist fly-fundia. there are not moved there, there germans bulgarians greeks there, and so on, these different laying out competed with each other, one could really be convinced of the superiority of one and one form of economy over another, because the neighbors, it means, who ran the capitalist economy, as a result , also stopped as resellers and bought their crops from their neighboring distant premises , and then they sold more expensively through the sea ports . yes, but they did not evaporate from there, but they are nowhere yes, they have been for millennia

lost their agricultural skills. they sold the land, they sold it exactly as it was issued, and they moved around in the cities. so, but in the cities, like this, they are the same famous children's bandages. yes, where did they come from then, well, it was actually an empty place, yes, a small village. there was by the sea. this means that these are the same jews whom they tried to besiege and who moved to the cities in order to engage in their usual economy. i did not become the basis of my social class and then became small as a result entrepreneurs, but again, they all together. yes, they contributed to the development of these novorossiysk cities. someone was engaged in smuggling someone served. uh, loading unloading means someone was repairing the boats , absolutely fishing and so forth , and that's how the industry was created. this very novorossiy is people. personal because not everyone dares to move. and for this it will still be necessary to give out brave enough people. this is how novorossiya was actually formed. so formed the population of novorossiya.

a special type was formed. yes, this person. it was an e inhabitant of the restriction, it was no longer a military border guard at the time of the cossacks , but a type of economic border guard, yes, who masters new e, previously these same undeveloped territories, the type of person, the frontier repeats. this is very similar to the people of the wild west in the united states and the most important thing is that in practice this development took place almost at the same time, and in soviet times this experiment continued somehow changed the soviet era. uh, for certain uh political reasons. this means that novorossia also attracted, uh, energetic people, well, they are forced to go there. these are people, or here, those who served time, both for economic and political crimes, that is, a large number of simply repressed, in which it was forbidden to live in big cities after that, which means that they had to

work and feed somewhere, which means, and in mines with elements required working hands at enterprises in factories. and there, especially not looked at the biography took all anyone. those who came, in principle, are also very independent people. this is exactly the same typical example. yes, this is a strong independent character, and these are people with whom it is difficult for any state, because they are used to relying on themselves, which means that they largely feel their independence of state power. moreover, it passes from generation to generation, because this is how the composition of the population of this region was formed. yes, somehow these social and political experiments influenced the historical fate of the inhabitants of novorossiya. after all, it is clear that without me yesterday does not happen. and today, especially the historical future. well, i would not say that these experiments had an impact. yes, it means, because the very existence of novorossia for two centuries of creation.

yes, uh, it testifies that this region can normally exist and develop only as part of a large russia. its, uh, russia inhabited it. russia developed its agricultural. here are the transit port its industrial capacity, if someone needs it, then only russia means everything, that is, its economy, the economy of this region, if someone needs it, then russia needs everyone else, in principle, the wild field is suitable when it was there or now it is being brought to the state of a wild field, because the rest is there by and large. uh, they are not interested in anything, in addition to not having russia there, but the ideology of the peaceful existence of a calm, tolerant people of different nationalities and religions. uh, ideas about life, how it was reflected in fate of novorossiya russia country. e, tolerant of people of other faiths

of any nationality calmly. it was so created by the russians. e was too little, even after the blessing mixed dry, and still there was still very little in order to follow the huge. open spaces and force someone to submit by force or carry out ethnic cleansing. here fertile soil, fertile climate, fertile land, which means, as they say in ukraine, it means sticking a stick into the ground and growing into a garden. yes, it means that naturally people tried to connect this edge once again he pushed the development of the entire empire along the capitalist path and the rapid development of russia in the 19th century. it happened. well, not only, but to a large extent thanks to navorossia, because plus a huge amount of port facilities that provided communication with the international market. so this is all business. it is this region that is such a locomotive for the development of the empire. thank you very much for a very interesting story. in february

of this year, lugansk celebrates the eightieth anniversary of the liberation of the city from the nazis in the forty-third year, it was called voroshilovgrad and survived the horrors of a seven-month occupation, the nazis turned the regional center into ruins, more than two and a half thousand were destroyed. the germans built their defense buildings on the principle of separate fortified points, creating them in residential buildings on the outskirts of the city, the fascist command instructed the sixth and seventh tank motorized divisions to defend their best divisions, the sixth and seventh motorized reich from the russian division . artyomovsk seversky donetsk was crossed, we hear the same names, and today in the reports our operation began in january 1943 from the village of melovoe, the easternmost settlement of soviet ukraine, the offensive

was launched immediately after the defeat of the germans. for almost half a month there were fierce battles on the volga because of melovoe, voroshilograd region and for the chertkovo station in rostovskaya, which the germans turned into a fortified area. the history of these two villages was closely connected both in the soviet years and after the collapse of the ussr, when they divided their state border passed right along druzhby street . more in the story of olga mokhovaya as a cop of the red army

, he threw himself under a tank with a bunch of grenades at the cost of his life, stopping it a lot has been done. an immortal feat was accomplished by the crew of a dive bomber. pl-2 of the captain, utyuskin, the plane was hit by the anti-aircraft crew of the nazis and hmm, it was no longer possible to land it. the crew consisting of ryabikov and kazachenko decided to send his dive bomber to the accumulation of enemy tanks of enemy equipment on the territory of the chertkovo station chertkovo junction railway station and the village of melovoye formed under her at the end of the 19th century during the critical period of the great patriotic war were important for the germans logistical points from here, they transferred equipment, ammunition and military units to the south, therefore they defended themselves desperately, even surrounded by units of our fifty-seventh guards, rifle divisions and 17 tank corps, each house and

settlements of the chalk devils were turned into a fortress, for which fierce fights over. uh, it means that these two settlements were liberated for 20 days 29 days, and one of the liberators of the village of melovoye, mr. ivan kuchin, wrote the following words in the snow in bandages. wet with blood. mash stormed this hell for me compared to this. maybe only stalingrad over 6,000. the narmians died liberating, melovoe and chertkovo, their bodies rest in mass graves in both villages, the names of more than a thousand soldiers are inscribed on memorial plates in chalk, but search parties still find the remains of soviet soldiers in these places and told local residents of the old-timer village of melovoe it was established a place of spontaneous burial, located behind e, the building of the old summer cinema. it was such a funnel, uh

which was found from the remains of soldiers of the red army, who died for the liberation of the village of melovoe, the search engines raised the remains of sixty, one fighter for six months, work was carried out to analyze the found items of clothing and footwear remnants, study of the archives found soldier mortal medallion allowed us to establish the name of one of them , a native of the chernihiv region kuzma kuzyk. he died on january 5, 1943. after establishing all the e data, we spent may 8, 2012. e terry burial with all the honors of the ostankovskaya army on on the territory of the memorial complex of the village of melovoye where was the memorial sign installed on the site preservation of these remains? so they lived, the village of chertkovo in the rostov region and melovoye in the voroshilovgrad region with a common misfortune and a common victory, in fact. it was one settlement only formally , divided into the russian and ukrainian

republics. in 1991, after the collapse of the soviet union, the administrative border became a state border and three kilometers of it passed right in the middle of the street on one side, which was now inhabited by russians, and from other ukrainians. it was called the street of friendship of peoples and at first such a name corresponded to reality on july 11, 1763, provided for a significant expansion of the circle , persons who were allowed the whole face in new russia, the provisions provided for by this decree extended to serbia as well. residents of two border villages. it was held in 2004 . on the day of the celebration, they walked from early morning until late evening. they treated each other , sang, danced, arranged composition. and on the next day, someone from the cretaceous went to work in chertkovo and from there they came to the neighbors for milk in 2014, the authorities of the ukrainian cretaceous considered the holiday harmful,

and in 2017 right on druzhby narodiv street a mesh fence appeared repeatedly , we could observe such scenes when e parents live on this side of druzhby street by the people, where the house numbers are even, and the children live on the other side of the street, where the house numbers are odd and when the grandmother. and the mother communicates through the grid with her daughter, son or grandson. so she made a depressing impression on us when through the net it was necessary to pass some gifts to the granddaughters, which means that when a certain period came, when the border guards noticed this whole thing, it means that three people drove up from one side. so they demanded to move to a safe distance first, as residents of the border area, without fail, having a note in their passport, of the corresponding residence permit, the little things did not get to the neighbors on the crossing bridge of the chertkovo railway station. when the pandemic began in 2020 , this local checkpoint was closed and no longer

opened after the removal of covid restrictions today the situation is as follows people who live in the cretaceous and have relatives in chertkovo, just like on the other side in the cretaceous, cross the border. in the general order, that means, uh, in the general queue with all the displaced refugees. this means that every day they are forced to defend for hour-long queues to hope that the war will end soon, and with it the fences of the grid and victory day, as well as the day of the liberation of villages from german, will disappear forever. occupa celebrate like before olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev typical novorossiya that's all we wanted to talk about. kirill ushinsky was with you today see you soon.

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february 15 is a memorable date in russia day of remembrance for russians who performed their duty outside the fatherland february 15 day of remembrance of the warriors of the internationalists the date is set in memory of almost 14,000 soviet soldiers officers who did not return from the afghan war a limited contingent of the armed forces of the ussr with honor, having fulfilled their duty, were finally withdrawn from afghanistan why the us hegemony

of the eu is not such a peaceful construction, as one might think, international law operates as long as it satisfies the interests of the united states, it attacked serbia without permission from the un and montenegro and caused a huge catastrophe. we were among the first countries to feel this american democracy - war is business - it's good. this is the reality we are dealing with fascism.

about the main events of this minute in our news release, the russian army repulsed all attacks zelensky’s formation you lost more than 400 soldiers officers managed to eliminate 8 groups of saboteurs, destroyed 16 armored vehicles tanks, as well as 10 howitzers, including one american blown up, several ammunition depots.