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and big, and also discount surprises and drawing of an apartment by the post office bank. the russian state archives are stored here today, materials on the history of the ukrainian state that have come down to us. according to experts, most of the official documents of the hetman's government perished during the civil war. skoropadsky’s personal archive, which he took to germany with the help of the germans, burned down during the bombing

of berlin in 1945. therefore, each documentary evidence of the era of his reign has a huge historical value. i have in front of me a unique historical document, these are memoirs of the highest officials of the skoropadsky government, written by them already in exile. in them, they talk in some detail and frankly about why the plan to create a ukrainian state in 1918 in the territories of the former south russian provinces completely failed. among the main reasons, according to their own admission, were the following total impotence and quarrelsomeness of the creators of the new ukrainian statehood , betrayal of the fundamental interests of the people for the sake of, german and austrian occupier, who treated ukraine like a cash

cow, and finally an attempt to impose primitive galician nationalism on the russian population from the skoloboi, which consisted solely in repainting and rewriting russian signboards into ukrainian. here is what the mayor of odessa, vladimir mustafin, wrote about the first steps of the self-proclaimed central joy. in the shortest possible time, it was ordered to replace all russian signs on shops , banks, trade and educational institutions with ukrainian ones everywhere , yellow-blue flags were hung over government agencies. inside these institutions were pasted up in prominent places announcements about the prohibition to speak a language other than sovereign. this is nova independently created. in each institution, from a mixture of little russian and polish

words, an institution was brought to life. translators. russian newspapers were persecuted and the artificial language that no one understood further removed the government and its agents from the population. the archive also contains rare lifetime images of skoropadsky and his entourage. konstantinovich artsybushev, which he performed from nature. is there also a unique drawing depicting the hetman himself? here he is dressed in a circassian coat with trump cards with a dagger on his belt, and also signed by the artist. here he is skoropadsky yuriy

artsybushev 1918, kiev, there is such a curious document, a genuine letter, a hetman, all ukraine and cossack troops, a don hetman. on august 13, 1918, in kiev, pavel skoropadsky himself did not know the ukrainian language and spoke only russian, nevertheless. he continued the ukrainization policy initiated by the central rada, but in a milder form , the universities in kiev, the ukrainian academy of sciences and the odessa university.

if we have a free development of russian and ukrainian culture, we can flourish, but if we now abandon the first culture, we will be only a bedding for other nations and will never be able to create anything great, narrow ukrainianism is exclusively a product of a culture brought to us from golytsya it makes no sense for us to completely transplant no data there is no success, and this is just a crime pavel skoropadsky. in 1918 , supporters of total ukrainization for the first time raised the issue of legislative consolidation of the supremacy of the ukrainian sovereign state. the use of the russian language, they proposed to artificially limit this, was sharply

opposed by the minister of education of the hetman's government, nikolai vasilenko , putting forward the idea of ​​cultural parallelism between russian and ukrainian culture. russian is the native language of the predominant part of the intelligentsia in ukraine moreover, a significant percentage of the population of ukraine speaks only this language. therefore , from the point of view of the state , it would be not only inappropriate, but downright harmful to humiliate the position of the russian language or give it some secondary significance. i am opposed to the issuance of a law on only one sovereign language, such a law, apart from

confusion of harm and great difficulties in life , will bring nothing to both languages, and russian and ukrainian should enjoy complete equality. in big cities there has always been common. high, russian culture. there has never been ukrainian culture, ukrainian culture in the form in which we know it. and now this culture, rustic, rural, embroidered shirts were worn by residents of rural areas of settlements, people who lived in cities and reached some level of development, as a rule . they went all the same, in different clothes, a cultured person gets access to books in russian, and to translated literature in russian, studying at universities in russian in gymnasium schools. he got access to gigantic cultural layer. and why did he have to give up all this for the sake of, even if it was dear to his heart, but still, in this rustically rural culture of the empire

, the russian language became native for a huge number of foreigners who moved to russia from europe since the 18th century. tired for centuries , the lands of novorossia after the annexation of the crimea for the first time became safe from wars and raids thanks to potemkin, who founded new cities and seaports, kherson nikolaev sevastopol ekaterina, rapid development began here industry and land in these shots, nicholas ii examines the first biosphere reserve in europe, askania nova, created in the kherson province by the german colonist friedrich falzfein. here , 2,000 species of animals were collected by its owner. including very rare some of them, the false wine proudly demonstrates to the russian

emperor, shocked by what he saw, nicholas ii appropriated the false wine. the title of hereditary nobleman. already at the beginning of the 19th century. there were about 200 german colonies in the kherson, ekaterinoslav and taurida provinces. in total , almost 2.5 million germans lived in russia on the eve of the first world war, thanks to frugality, hard work and a sober lifestyle. they made a huge contribution to the development of the southern provinces of the russian empire, for example, the odessa firm of johann hoehn became the largest manufacturer of agricultural machinery in the south, and the german entrepreneur gustav hartmann founded lugansk , a construction steam locomotive famous throughout russia . workers here in

1918. they already behaved like real robbers, because they were raked out. in september 1918, skoropadsky made a trip to germany, where he wanted to get permission from the german authorities to create his own full-fledged army of up to 300,000 people. for this, in ukraine it was necessary to carry out a military conscription. the german generals reacted to his idea indifferently from ukraine, they needed something completely different, as much bread and other products as possible to continue the world war. it was necessary

to sign new supply agreements, which were already expiring by that time, and indeed on september 10, just in germany, these agreements were signed plus those sixty million pounds that were registered. prior to that , deliveries were now registered. already 75 million poods for the germans got what they wanted, they still managed to plunder ukraine for some time , the formation of troops. hetman. he didn’t get a full-fledged army from him, which in many ways became the reason for his subsequent defeat. according to the memoirs of skoropadsky himself, before meeting with the kaiser, he was warned to he didn't talk business. at that time, the german emperor was more concerned about events on the western front. the ukrainian hetman wilhelm ii awarded the order of the red eagle,

which was usually awarded for faithful service to the prussian kingdom, general borys teletsky, chief of staff of skoropadsky, wrote. from berlin, very satisfied with their trip , the authorities began to dizzy, in all likelihood, he began to believe in his mind and strength, and most importantly, infallibility. in his honor were composed and he is tired of power. in november 1918, after the defeat of germany in

world war, he lost his main support. the germans were no longer up to him. trying to save the situation, skoropadsky began to feverishly look for new allies. on november 14 , 1918, the hetman, unexpectedly for many , issued a letter that proclaimed a new course, a federation with russia and work to recreate the former greatness and strength of the all-russian state. when, at the end of his administration, skoropadsky began to actively contact representatives of the white movement, when, after the compent truce, he spoke about the united mighty russia he was simply trying to rely on some kind of political and military force. the officer environment that made up the volunteer army, the white movement in general, was in many ways much closer and more understandable to him, and the russian empires in one form or another, even the republic, she was

much closer to him and understand no, than a something incomprehensible. here, what the bolsheviks or someone else built, however, the whites at the head without money no longer believed him. and the ukrainian nationalists, led by petliura, taking advantage of the neutrality of the germans, raised an uprising against the scarabat handful officers and volunteers from among the kiev youth were the last defenders of the hetman's power from petliura 's bows. on december 14, 1918, at about 2 o'clock in the afternoon , skoropadsky signed a manifesto on renunciation of power and fled from kiev. according to one of the most common versions, he left, he, along with the germans. having previously changed into a german uniform and bandaged his head so that no one would recognize him. let's just say that the historical tragedy turned out to be that he tried to sit between different chairs on

the one hand, between ukrainians and between russians between ukraine and russia between the germans and the entente, respectively, the result is to understand, this is a fall. the rest of his life, pavel skoropadsky spent a house of 15 rooms in berlin, germany and appointed a personal pension of 10,000 morocco gave a lecture on the history of ukraine and led the ukrainian union of bakers. in 1933, skoropadsky welcomed hitler's rise to power. in a telegram addressed to furet, he wrote that, connected with greater germany, the ukraine must, of course, preserve its

agricultural character for all time. shortly before attack on the soviet union, himmler invited skarapatsky to lead the ukrainian legion as part of the wehrmacht, the 68-year-old hetman. put forward counter-conditions. the legion should be an independent army of independent ukraine , but hitler did not answer him in the plans , the fate of ukraine was a foregone conclusion. it was to become a disenfranchised colony. the territories with the ukrainian population were divided into several zones, the district of galicia, which entered the polish general government with the reich

raw materials from ukraine and the transmission transferred to romania, the flight commissioner of ukraine became gauleiter of east prussia eric during his reign in ukraine, about 4 million civilians were killed, almost 2 1/2 million. people were taken to work in germany, 400 ghettos and 180 concentration camps were built. sky soldier conquered ukraine in order to be able to settle here declared oh. ukrainian nationalists actively helped the germans to establish a new order in the organization of ukrainian nationalists. from the inhabitants of predominantly western ukraine, not only

punitive police detachments were created, but also a whole division of the ss galicia ukrainian nationalism. this one is a mixture of such a rural farmer's nationalism with nazism. it has the character of a quasi-religion. this is a creature that resembles the consciousness of adherents of some totalitarian sections. it is impossible to talk to them. mm, rationally such people, as a rule, are not afraid to kill and are very easy to use for their own purposes. imagine that you have an army of your zombies that you can send. whenever the germans used the ukrainian nationalists as cannon fodder or useful idiots, as soon as the un officials tried to proclaim in lviv, the creation of the ukrainian state. german authorities. they were immediately arrested. the only person who is fighting and there are no ukrainian

allies on april 16, 1945, the 72-year-old hetman was mortally wounded in bavaria during an anglo-american air raid, his son daniel , who led the hetman movement, died in london in 1957. analyzing the failed experience of creating ukrainian statehood in the twentieth century, one of the closest associates of skarabatsky, ukrainian diplomat vyacheslav lipinsky, wrote ukrainian will bring

ukraine's political idea of ​​death is to be a patriot. it means to wish with all the strength of your soul the creation of a human community of people who will live on ukrainian soil. they dream about being drowned. to be a chauvinist means to cover up one's spiritual emptiness and one's inferiority, namely , betrayal of careerism, declassification with fanatical exclamations about ukraine now , about ridnu mova, washing, ukrainians, damned muscovites. and lyakhov god forbid you from this kind of nationalism, which can only bring what has already brought the ruin of ukraine

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and here was the case in the war and were transported, which according to the same several conventions. the first shell flew the first car with scouts. nobody got out there. katya and i remained lying. just fever. so here is a flash of color. mom, you know that if it were not for this girl, i could not sit here with you as the president of the russian federation . military duty were awarded a medal for bravery.

the head of the ministry of defense held a meeting with the commanders of the groups, the special military operation sergei shoigu was reported on the current situation in the special operation zone, plans for further actions, special attention was paid to the deployment of personnel in the field, as well as the work of medical and rear units, the continuous supply of russian units with equipment and ammunition, the minister. prior to that, also discussed with his deputies it was, including on military-political work and the preparation of the reserve.