manufacturers of good things want and most importantly. chi, but it's best to check. hello on the air international review. my name is fyodor lukyanov today in the international review program.

events of the week of chronicles election campaign in turkey veteran investigator seymour hersh, nevertheless, woke up the volcano for a month his publication that the us administration ordered to blow up the northern streams was diligently ignored, but the question hung uncomfortably in the air and a volley of leading media calibers was fired at him, it turns out , slammed his favorite brainchild, putin and shredder some ukrainian craftsman not associated with the state on his own initiative. in what a dangerous world we live in almost anyone who wants to rent. as spiegel told us, the yacht andromeda can take and break the strategic communication of pan-european significance, it is completely without protection, what’s next, and then the fireworks

of the version of speculation, in which the essence of the issue will simply dissolve plausibly or not. who cares, the more cinematic the better. familiar to those who grew up on modern high-quality tv shows, however, for a talented game loses the line of what is acceptable, the one after which comes an unexpected denouement in the series exhale admiringly. wow, but in life next week expires, the so-called grain deal agreement with the participation of russia, ukraine, the un and turkey and the withdrawal of agricultural products from the conflict zone to world markets. by the beginning of march of this year , about 23 million tons of grain and half of the cargo had been exported from ukrainian ports. a quarter fell on corn on wheat. and although initially the deal

was considered as a program for the supply of grain to the poorest countries of the world and its products were received not at all by those who most of all needed it ; china became the leader in terms of the number of imports ; only in sixth place was egypt, which received less than a million tons of grain. along with this, it was starving with a population of 170 million people received less than 10 million from the grain deal, israel germany imported grain more than kinia, and france got more agricultural products than in europe, the needy sub-saharan countries got only three% of all supplies. even before the istanbul agreements, grain from ukraine was exported to the eu even before the istanbul agreements, the influx of cheap ukrainian grain stabilized prices and provided the eu with a record

import over the past 20 years from the other side. he created problems for local farmers. especially in poland, romania, bulgaria, hungary, the czech republic and slovakia, if earlier poland received no more than 6,000 tons of ukrainian corn, then last year, more than one and a half million tons, and imports of ukrainian sunflower seeds to bulgaria increased by 25 times in most cases. these products are no longer profitable grain settled on local markets and caused a sharp decline in prices, which, against the backdrop of rising fuel and fertilizer prices, hit local producers as a result of the countries of eastern europe demanded compensation and blocked supply routes from ukraine. in addition, due to ukrainian dumping on grain . corn and sunflower oil export share of these commodities from russia declined and although he says the agreement brought grain back to global markets and lowered the price of basic

foodstuffs, the deal did nothing for most starving countries. the grain agreements initially provoked contradictory reactions. and the point is not even what is the proportion of hypocrisy in them and what exactly does russia get or does not get? the question is, in principle, there is an irreconcilable military confrontation in which all those involved see existential elements for themselves. and suddenly those same irreconcilable conclude a deal of a commercial nature to fill the market are traded with opponents, and more acceptable conditions for themselves, but in fact. and how is it for him? the same question can be asked in relation to the supply of hydrocarbons, coal, metals in general , russian resources, which regularly enter the world market , including countries on the other side of the front line, not to mention the pipelines pumping

russian raw materials to the west actually through the war zone from the same west by the standards, the total wars of the 20th century are nonsense, but we are in in another century, conflict plays out in a context of universal interconnectedness. it is in itself a weapon and a method of mutual deterrence, but as in the case of nuclear deterrence, the threat of use is more effective than its execution - a sharp break in economic ties between russia and the eu. last year, he was supposed to inflict a knockout blow, first on russia from europe, then , on the contrary, as energy cooperation collapsed, knockouts did not happen. no, in another case, the parties bear the costs, but adapt to the new conjuncture. in in the case of the grain negotiations, there are political aspects that perhaps outweigh the commercial or military

ones that do not. they are russia's relations with countries that are just friendly about this, we will talk with our good friend africanist andrey maslov, we found him in the water with baby andrey hello, what most of all does not suit russia with the deal. it itself consists of two parts. eat. uh, security guarantees that russia provided for the export of food from three ukrainian ports. and there is assistance that he pledged to russia that our exports would not be vulnerable to unilateral sanctions. and this is probably the second part of this deal. it is precisely for us that this is fundamental, because, well, by and large, ukraine exports, uh, grain or not? we don't care. it is on the defense of ukraine that these foreign exchange earnings have a minimal impact,

it turns out that dana is more difficult for our partners , our friendly countries, to friendly countries. we could receive, uh, stable supplies from russia in these markets to gain a foothold, while uh, there are difficulties with this, these difficulties must be overcome, including, using, uh, un mechanisms, mechanisms for partnership with a safro-union with other strange ones in order to fix those guarantee checkers in quotation marks, yes, which are now in this russia , uh, in fact those strange ones that unilateral sanctions were introduced in order to consolidate them already at the institutional level, that is, to build an infrastructure that could not be destroyed. uh, unilateral actions by the united states in the european union and the project has everything in hypocrisy explained by the needs of the poorest, and the recipient - these are the other main supplies here, not to africa , but to europe and asia, even in any case

, this proposal itself. yes, but it has a positive effect on the market in terms of price. uh, stop growing. somewhere even declined in the market, so naturally africans. first of all, this concerns the price point, that is, we are talking about whether african ukrainian corn directly gets to them, directly. whether she falls into the chair of an algerian or a nigerian is important as what prices on the stock exchange. but if the part of the deal that concerns us is being fulfilled, well, let’s put it mildly , not completely, is it, we need it at all. we still increased, even food exports in monetary terms last year. now we do not have customs statistics in the public domain, but we have export game data plus 15% in monetary terms. we are in the twenty-second year in the twenty-first, and here it’s not even a matter of cash receipts, which russia receives more than

ukraine from the export of food grain from the thing is, it's important to our friends. yes, even africa is 50% of our entire political support. now he's voting, then and hmm they perceive our willingness very positively. uh, accept their concerns. they still need this one. almost one and a half billion people who depend in one way or another on imported food and, of course , any fluctuations in the market are such panic for them . yes, they are sensitive, and we need to build relationships with them on a long-term basis. yes , that's the same time, we understand that from the cereal ukraine’s deal earned $7 billion from it last year, while receiving $60 billion in financial assistance from the west. that is it. well, it's not

some kind of fundamental infusion. in addition, we all understand that ukraine does not buy weapons. she doesn't buy. there ammunition is her equipment capacity. it does not depend on these financial injections, but that is, if we sum up this deal, we need, uh, we need this deal. uh, in order to uh buy time to build your system independent financial infrastructure, which would be closed to the ruble to the yuan, other monetary currencies of the throttled countries e to build a transport insurance market from e-e, regardless of western intermediaries to build a grain reservation system for grain storage on the territory of the importing countries. and this work needs to be done. yes, this takes time. it is very important to create, to change the information fund around this deal, because it is being created here, including ukraine , ukrainian resources. yes, they are creating, uh,

they are pumping such an agenda that russia was forced to make this deal. what is this supposedly defeat russia is another thing that she was forced to. open these three ports while our official comments. in general, they are wiser, yes, and there is no such anguish there, that it is necessary to exit the transaction calmly, we are extending participation in it. uh, but at the same time, we insist that the second part be carried out, because they still continue to be blocked and banking insurance services and suppliers are often afraid of working with russian banks, despite the fact that there are some loopholes created, but a much stronger structure is needed. here this year. she needs to build and herself will be russia africa and when you are with him security will most likely be the main

story on this very these. an african country will raise these issues, that is, it is necessary , uh, to create grain storage systems in africa, and uh, including some humanitarian issues, to solve three of this assistance, but the main thing is to expand exports uh, that both africa and russia are interested in this expansion, not just grain. it's the same fertilizer. more yes, that's what is needed for food production. thank you, we were talking with andrew oil from the higher school of economics . it is clear that an intensive diplomatic process is underway in the coming days, no matter what the outcome , it will not be possible to close the issue by intertwining friends of enemies. it is such that black and white solutions will not work. food security is a huge topic and is becoming more and more prominent on the global agenda.

the ukrainian board of circumstances, aggravating, but not at all the main and not the only one. fear of hunger, perhaps one of the most ancient in the history of mankind, which in november last year crossed a new record mark of 8 billion people on the website of the world food program there is an interactive map of hunger that analyzes the situation in 90 countries in real time, according to the organization less than in 5 years the number of undernourished has increased by 2.5 times, another 50 million and 45 countries are on the brink of starvation since 2012. the british journal of economics annually publishes a global food security index that takes into account four parameters. availability of food. its qualities are safety and stability. last year , the top five countries included finland, ireland, norway

, france and the netherlands. this means that these countries have enough products and at affordable prices in the red zone. zale sub-saharan africa burundi sierrariona, democratic republic of the congo madagascar nigeria and venezuela haiti yemen syria and sudan already today 40% of the land surface is used for agriculture, the area on which crops are grown is approximately the size of south america and an area equal to africa is allocated for pasture in many countries, these resources are depleted, except for developing countries, but it is not enough to grow crops . his. we still need to collect half of it is lost. in developing countries, due to improper collection of storage or transportation, the fear that the planet will not be able to feed all people has not gone away, however

even he admits that enough products are produced in the world for everyone, the critical situation is not due to a lack of food, but because of the price of it, including this is due to somehow in ukraine and it’s not just about price logistics failures prices for mineral fertilizers increased sharply after the application of sanctions against russia, a major producer of fertilizers in a number of regions, primarily in latin america and europe, had to abandon or reduce the use of phosphates. because of what, the yield decreased by at least 20-30%. statistics of the last decades shows that the food situation in the world is deteriorating against the backdrop of economic inequality. let's talk about food horizons with a person who knows everything about it sergey ivanov runs fk , one of the largest russian players in the food market. hello sergei. good morning. let's start the bull by the horns,

which means that humanity is in danger of starvation. the issue threatens hunger now 800 million people are starving. this data is about 2 billion malnourished. uh, and in order to answer it, we just need realize. like like what kind of food? uh, we eat there is an agrarian diet of 300 kg per year, uh , the advantage of cereals is predominantly there, as starchy is the diet of the modern world. this is already 900 kilograms per year of food. that's 1,500 kilocalories per day 3,500 kilocalories per day. and today, 8 billion are divided approximately in half 4 billion 500 kg, and a day a year they eat 900 kg of a4 food, that is, they overeat 5 billion, then it is produced if evenly distributed, it seems, how it can be enough for everyone, but this is theoretical and most likely impossible is not distributed, of course, and further inside this there are such trends that 2 billion new ones will appear, eh, threatens or does not threaten? this is the future, try to look 2

million dollars, 4 billion will appear, which today is not everything, 900 kg. they all want the way they eat in a modern western city, and in this case, he says there it is necessary to increase food by one and a half times. and if it's just 900 kg, e.g. , to transfer it by 10 a year, this is simply what humanity is striving for, and everyone will want something twice as much. and that's twice as much, of course, this is a call from a call, to find him, well, at the same time. so you say, everyone wants to eat, as in a modern western city in a modern western city they don’t eat very much. how to say right? very wrong. so it may be necessary to blame this one here. and this is, well, like, when we talk about what, uh, what can we influence? that's where the modern diet of an urban person is 3.5 thousand kilocalories, of which 1,000 1,200 empty ones are not needed. they are not needed, that is, two 200-2.500. we need, that is, if that's what the importance of healthy healthy eating, that is, i help myself and a plus.

i’m still freeing up resources for food directly by 25x30% i’m reducing, well, as if, if humanity hypothetically could, for example, all of a sudden, taking care of everything , taking care of our health, we would need to consume 25 to 30% less food. perhaps this. this is a big question, because as a person, the more we are, well, than here, this is a direct dependence of the growth of e gdp on the side there per person and that's it. there we are the first pleasure. this is food and how from agrarian, how , like a person, he moves to the city on the first day money appears, he begins to spend it for a day for food for food for food and such a macro. the trend is now talking a lot about food security, but mostly tied to specific teaching topics. it is clear that these topics are somehow affected, but they are passing. and here is what influences perspectively, if we look at the future e of the global food market, and these are technologies and these are approaches to e, consumption style. uh,

this is some kind of climate, what is more important here are two things. here are today's challenges that everyone agrees on by consensus. it's three words. food availability is lacking. this is the impact on the environment. e traditional technologies. we are sort of ruining the planet and too many compromises are already being made to feed these 8 billion there from pesticides, herbicides , growth hormones, and so on. so this is how it is today, but if you look, try to just look at what big trends are. here determine uh, the future of the food market and look like five. the first is the growth in demand i will find, that is. here, as it were, how to double food or how to one and a half times increase food. it’s like that, how it works with pressure , the second is like the effectiveness of new food or generally existing species per unit of nature from

the point of view of land water air the need to stigmatize these uh, impact on biodiversity and uh, contribution to the greenhouse effect , that is, here are 5 5 elements, as if the cost per unit of nature, you can even say so. uh, further uh climate change climate change, uh, and two things are important to be aware of. the first change in the balance of agricultural land. south, burns the north. eh, they buy. well, in this regard, by the way, the acquirer is global warming. well, sort of like the country is also the second climate refugee. that is, they he says 300 million people. uh, saving up for 50 years will go away. what will they run from? well , as it were, it is impossible to survive and there is nothing to eat, and they will change the internal balance, too , the internal balance was food in those countries where they will come. uh, the next factors are health and a healthy diet. well here she is a healthy diet that concerned just such here is the golden billion

or those who recall? that is, they are somehow important to them. here's how to learn something to give up sugar to eat less meat. and that's where 2,500 calories return. uh, the other world does not understand them, to be honest, those who are to us, well, as it were, to see something in a plate, they do not understand at all. here are these questions and the challenge. but this is, of course, the direction of the most powerful healthy food diet . and the last thing is new technologies. and there 's a boom going on. today, it's going in different directions. eh, it's brand new. here you go an attempt by scientists to rethink. eh, potential. well, like plants. what is the potential of plants in terms of creating the creation of energy, the creation of the energy of the transformation of the plant, which give there proteins, fats , carbohydrates. and here, and what plants can generally give proteins, fats, carbohydrates. what in general in nature, er, microorganisms can do this, it turns out that algae can create

proteins, fats, carbohydrates, it turns out that yeast. that's how we live with enzymes. uh, it's 1,000 years old, it turns out, yeast. well, i'm with fermentation technology, it turns out, yeast can also provide proteins and fats. turns out they can give. and now, as if understanding these, and then the microbiome is a huge direction. today. this is probably advanced science, how in general, e, to return to the soil. e, health without fertilizers without chemistry, so that the soil reproduces itself and its resource and is as efficient as today's and intensive farming. could there now be a powerful pretending country in the modern world that depends? uh, from someone else's food, roughly speaking, that is, it does not itself not provides. i think that this, well, in today's world is just the same, this is one of the factors in general subjectivity and

independence, a truly pandemic, this was shown by the pandemic. well, here's an interesting example of the arab countries, they don't produce food. they solved their food security. uh, they bought up agricultural land, invested in factories all over the world and read that they would be provided with food. if anything, now, if anything happened, all the borders were closed, and they suddenly realized it wasn’t working. the model does not work for in order for us to be, uh, self-sufficient, if the next crisis happens we need technology to help us domestically. uh, to produce this food. oh, i don’t think that, by the way, these are interesting questions regarding our positioning as a country, because today we have a strategy, the ministry of agriculture, even national food security is written down, and we are from the point of view. here, as if food should be understood, we are self-sufficient. that is, we will always feed ourselves, there is no need to worry about bad , correct food, we will feed ourselves, but the truth is we still dependent. from uh genetics and still

dependent on technology that provides efficiency. uh, well, per unit, uh, the costs of this equipment and high-precision agriculture and so on, that is, well, these are all solvable issues. that is, there would be a desire science we have, as if there would be an effort of will. and so in terms of our positioning. for example, saudi arabia is far from being a country that can call itself some kind of agrarian player there. here in their strategy it is written that we must ensure own food security. and also to be an important player in the world bese. today everyone realizes that food is an instrument of influence there. well, for us, respectively, the same thing, but from the point of view of the future, we can just clog up and say, here we are protecting what we have. and you can try. here is some contribution to the world to the world in solving world problems. uh, make our scientists connect. here we are,

for example, how the company discovered russian science for itself. simply the strongest in the world school of biotech and russian. eh, we are trying to build some interesting tasks with them to solve. eh, and here it is. well, and here is this positioning, as we come there, not only there, buy our grain, buy our meat, buy our oils. we are so here we are uh dear united arab emirates we have the technology. how to help you close your progress here is precision fermentation. here are algae that you can grow at home and cover 80-70-80% of your needs for fats proteins, and our technologies. that is, we are there on that from us supplies. that is it is with us that you work to bring on efficiency. it's like the export of ideas is no longer the export of stones, you as a company in these very specific conditions feel political resistance to work. we have almost half of our sales for export. we

produce and sell more than two million tons of our amazing port there . we are 5 years ago. they are 4 years old. we have introduced the term "unfriendly countries" in our conversations. about imagine , it turns out, where does this come from, as if we were for ourselves. well, then they said we are with america well especially new innovations. we make sweet proteins. this is an alternative, sugar, healthy, protein sweetness, sugar-free sweets there, enriched with probiotics. well, that is , this is such a sweetness of the future, and we don’t understand america. hmm well, we don’t understand, western europe well, maybe an interesting market. well, it’s also not clear that our markets are africa, east asia and india , china, latin america. these are understandable long-term friendly countries for us, and when did it happen, uh, well, a year ago. eh, here this turn. uh, leaving the market. we are no longer friends. we, well, not much there europeans began to buy our soybean sh-

soy latitudes. we are non-gmo. they suddenly became puzzled, there and uh, well, they refused. we found new markets for it very quickly. china india quietly takes everything. we hardly noticed any problems. well, these are rather logistical nuances, as if the financial system loads the calculations have become harder, but in general, no. because food is a very rational topic. this is very inspiring, thank you very much. with we were sergei ivanov from the company fc calories can be consumed in different forms of not only food, but also drink, even the horror of alcohol and where asim aleiran passes because of sloboda it is notorious in the world as a country in which islamic religious extremists are active in only 20

years, more than 70,000 people died as a result of terrorist attacks here, but few people think that in this islamic side you can go to jail for drinking alcohol, but paradox here is perhaps one of the most exotic breweries, the brewery of which is almost 150 years old, the brewery of dreveria is located in the city of rwalpendi. not far from the country's capital, islamabad. it produces high-quality beer , wine, vodka, and many other types of alcoholic beverages . main equipment from china and europe is used here. some of the machinery is imported from russia , and some machines are kept at this plant as a reminder. modern chinese and european devices, but earlier this enterprise belonged to the british and was under colonial rule. it was in fact the land of slaves, almost everything

starting from paper and ending with technology was brought from england during excavations near the factory and even bricks were found brought from scotland, alcohol in pakistan is allowed to be consumed. only for non-muslims , the observance of the order is monitored by the government department, which issues a permit for the sale of alcoholic beverages. only for non-muslims, factory -made alcohol can be sold exclusively in certain hotels and specialty stores. and even though sales are under government control is extremely high. i would not said that we have suffered greatly from the taliban , much more problems are caused by corruption, which only grows over the years. although i can't blame it on a particular political party. i myself am a party member, but corruption has penetrated many areas of life and business, for example, if you need to get permission, most likely you will have to pay a bribe.