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the decisive contribution to the armament and equipment of franco's army was made by hitler, germany and fascist italy, in total, the germans sent 300,000 rifles and half a million revolvers to spain. an armored battalion was formed, which included more than a hundred of the latest german panzer 1 tanks. in november 1936, the luftwaffe command announced the creation of a volunteer aviation legion condor in total in its ranks about 6.5 thousand people entered. the germans sent over 600 aircraft to spain. including the latest model of mr. schmidt fighters and junkers bombers, all on the side of the francoist troops, over 100,000 italian fascists and almost 30,000

nazi volunteers fought. as hitler said , we are fighting on the fields of spain and soon it was decided to create this particular legion contour. he played double. first. spanish pilots were trained there, especially on the first and second, the pilots of the counter legions themselves began to actively participate in battles. why did they work out a new tactic, they made a flyby. e new aircraft during the spanish war. and just a tactic appeared that, in links, how the backlash pilot acted, which then safely used, e, in battles, the germans and italians cynically tested the latest types of weapons on the civilian population of spanish cities for more than two years, the pilot and the legion. the condor subjected madrid to the most severe bombardment in the spring of 19307. the whole world was shocked by the news from the provincial spanish town of guernica, on april 26, dozens

german and italian bombers. sewed on the ice on this peaceful settlement for 3 hours, they dropped 50 tons of incendiary bombs on guernica during the bombing, and the fires that arose as a result of them destroyed three-quarters of the city's buildings . every fourth inhabitant of guernica died. in total , about 900 people this day for the bombardment. it was an unprecedented event at that time, when the peaceful city, where there was virtually no industry. that was bombed and franco did not hide. what the hell, they'll be scared in the autumn of 1936 year, the government of the spanish republic appealed for help to all the democratic countries of europe, the first

to respond to this call was the soviet union already. in mid-october 1936, during the days of heavy battles for madrid, soviet transports delivered to spain the first batch of fighters and 15 ant-40 bombers and t-26 tanks with crews during the years of the civil war, the fund for helping the spanish people, soviet citizens collected 274 million rubles. with this money , tens of thousands of tons of food, clothing and medicines on account of spanish gold transferred to the soviet union by the republican army. received 648 aircraft, 347 tanks, 1,186 guns and other types of weapons. the ussr sent about 2,000 military advisers, engineers and other specialists to spain.

future marshals generals and admirals nikolai voronov rodion malinovsky kirill meretskov nikolai kuznetsov alexander radintsev in total 170 soviet internationalists were killed in the battles in spain 59 people were awarded the title of hero of the soviet union in the autumn of 1936 by conscription the comintern in paris began the formation of seven volunteer international brigades , socialists, communists, and simply adventurers from all over the world joined them. according to various estimates , from 35 to 60,000 people from 54 countries of the world passed through the international brigades, the future yugoslav leader yosibrod fought in the ranks of the republican troops. tito english writer george orwell

american war correspondent ernest hemingway french writer antoine de saint-exupéry. these were people of leftist convictions of anti-fascist convictions. here are the communists france, italy, before such a person as hemingway, and now they would have created various international brigades from english americans in essence. there was created the germ of the italian communist partisans who then operated in northern italy and the left motive partisans who operated in france and largely succeeded the french further. communist party of the italian communist party was formed on the fields of spain foreign military aid greatly strengthened the power of the republican armies inspired by the support of the people of madrid were now determined to defend

their city women and children lined up in chains, passing stones and cobbles for the construction of barricades in the vicinity of the spanish capital, defensive ditches were dug. houses prepared for street fighting in the spring of 1937, the troops of general franco launched another assault on the city, but they could not break through the defensive lines of the republicans, they could not volunteer the eleventh interpredes. sickle carlo anger later recalled. on campus we fought hard for every path, every house, every floor , every threshold, sometimes the front line passed through valuable laboratories and libraries, the walls were laid out from thick volumes of the british encyclopedia. nowhere did the fascists come as close to madrid

as here, and the box office brought only 300-500 m to the nearest city cafe in march 1937 , frank's troops, with the support of the italian expeditionary force, launched a decisive offensive against madrid from the north, but having suffered heavy losses, they were forced to retreat to history as the battle of vodolakhara. defeat near guadalajara and became simply a landmark event of the war near guadalajara, not only the italian division was defeated , but the myth collapsed, and not the victoriousness of the nazis, the italians turned to franco with a request that he counterattack the republicans, but he did not succeed near madrid. there were very heavy battles in the distance of the harama river. franco was furious. he believed that

simply capturing madrid or winning something was not enough. we must eradicate the infection. soldiers and franco took out their anger on civilians and prisoners of war, turning to to the republicans of the franco-general's army , gonzalo caypod ilyana said the nobleman's word of honor. that for every one you kill, we will kill at least ten. terror, which was actively used by both warring parties, resulted in a ruthless bloody massacre during the years of the civil war, the number of extrajudicial victims, among the civilian population of spain, exceeded 200,000 people of the body of the killed republicans. franco's soldiers were transported to the burial sites in trucks, which were mockingly called meat vans, most often the bodies of tortured people were taken to

burials in huge ditches, but sometimes, to intimidate those who sympathized with the republicans , the nationalists threw the corpses of their victims right on the streets of cities. the republicans responded. they also brutally dealt with their opponents of their captives. they lined up along the trenches and, in turn , let them go to each field in the back of the head. during the battles for madrid, the leadership of the popular front decided to execute all the prisoners in the capital's prisons, as a potential fifth column, according to various estimates , up to 12,000 people became victims of this execution. among them there were soldiers, priests, lawyers, journalists , doctors, teachers, a football player of the real madrid club and even an olympic champion. this brutal massacre went down in history as the massacre in the parkuias.

political purges were regularly carried out in the ranks of the republicans themselves, left-wing radicals of various views and beliefs could not find a common language and unite even in wartime conditions , on the orders of stalin, agents of the soviet special services staged a real hunt for trotsky's supporters, who fought in the detachments of the republican volunteers in barcelona conflicts between supporters of communist ideas resulted in armed skirmishes, street fighting claimed the lives of more than 500 people. the english writer george orwell , who was at that time in republican spain, recalled the war taught me this one of its most unpleasant lessons, that the left press is as false and hypocritical as the right, after all. we are waiting for a regime in which all opposition parties and newspapers will be banned. of course, such a regime would be

fascist, it seemed to me idiocy that the people fighting for their lives are divided into parties. i stood on a simple point of view, let's drop all this party nonsense and get on with the war. in 1937, the military tribunal of barcelona accused orwell of trotskyism and put him on the wanted list . as a result , the writer had to urgently leave spain . when the war is over, accordingly, what began to be done that controlled the military aid, supplied to them through the soviet union began to be denied weapons, respectively, our representatives. there are our military advisers,

who were occupied not just by military advisers. as if the people who, in principle, the teams were the troops separately warned them that no contacts were allowed. there were, especially on the internet. that is, they tried to throw the trotskyists into some most dangerous sector and not give them weapons and not support their social reforms, which the popular front tried to carry out in military conditions. time. led to a sharp reduction in production. this led to the fact that in many areas of republican spain a famine began, the industry stopped serving the needs of the front. watching the workers of barcelona celebrate the independence day of catalonia, a soviet journalist. mikhail koltsov wrote in his diary. today barcelona does not work like a holiday tomorrow. since saturday is the day after tomorrow, just like sunday, the leveling is mocking

. the unskilled worker is paid 18 skilled worker 18.25 50 engineer 18 divisions on the left. the combat readiness of the international brigades was undermined, every fifth volunteer deserted from the army or was executed by the verdict of courts-martial in august 1937, the representative of the comintern palmyra togliatti reported to moscow that the war was going on longer than our comrades, many volunteers who came here, expected. only for a few months. now they are worried about their fate. from them you can hear the following. is it worth it to stay here you will all be killed or seriously wounded about this. not only demoralized elements speak, but everywhere and in almost all brigades. in september 1938, all

the international brigades in spain disbanded the remaining units of the republican army, began to lay down their arms and surrender province for province to the nationalists in january 1939. the troops of general franco captured catalonia, the largest industrial center of spain, after which the defeat of the republicans became inevitable madrid, which was defending itself. basically, the interpretation has already ceased to be the capital, the government has relocated first valencia then barcelona and everyone understood that the government was trying to get closer to the spanish border. where to run then franco felt that the advantage was in his direction. in the controlled territories of spain, franco established a one-man dictatorial regime, the only allowed party was the spanish phalanx. this organization was founded in madrid in

1933. its creators, the young lawyer jasantonio primador, called the king spanish, imitated the italian fascists wore black uniforms and blue shirts staged street demonstrations and pogroms of left-wing publishing houses. shortly after the outbreak of the civil war, the falangist leader primado rivera was arrested by the republicans and subsequently shot in 1937 by francisco franco personally. he led the phalanx and united around this party all the right-wing forces of spain in spain by the time of the civil war. there was a classic fascist party, the spanish phalanx. it was absolutely clear, made according to all the canons of the fascist party. she was active, she was revolutionary and she was ready to lead

the whole right movement and at that moment frank appeared who declared the fascists , together with the monarchists, right-wing conservatives, and then from that, that is, created from them a completely incomprehensible, uh, conservative conglomerate and, as a result, a flank. she died on february 27, 1939, the franco regime was officially recognized by franco c and england at the end of march , the republican troops left madrid and the national army entered the spanish capital without a fight on april 1, francisco franco spoke on the radio and announced that the spanish civil war had ended thousands of republicans were forced to urgently leave their homeland during the years of the civil war from spain to the soviet union, 3,500 children were evacuated for spanish refugees in the ussr, 15

orphanages were allocated with improved conditions and increased nutritional standards. during the great patriotic war, many spanish boys and girls who had reached military age went to the front, the son of the famous spanish communist dolores and baruri. rubin became the commander of a machine-gun company from the first days of the war, he participated in battles. and even hand-to-hand fights with the german invaders was repeatedly wounded and barry died in 1942, defending stalingrad, he was posthumously awarded the title of hero of the soviet union. with the outbreak of world war ii, franca announced the neutrality of spain, the most radical military, who longed to continue the war with the soviet union , sent the caudilla to the eastern front as part of the volunteer blue division had forty to fifty thousand

men in its ranks, but adolf hitler demanded more from the caudilla during the first and only meeting between hitler and franco in in october 1940, the fuhrer invited him to conclude a military alliance with germany and let the german troops pass gibraltar, but franco refused the honor offered. hitler's personal pilot hansbar politely refused. he recalled hitler was overcome by the idea of ​​convincing franco to allow the germans to attack gibraltar . however, franco was greatly disappointed by the head of the spanish state. hard hitler refused him. franco commented on it. ungrateful scoundrel he has the manners of a sergeant. hitler put pressure on franco quite hard because he believed that they had saved franco now it means franco for us, and franca took that very position, which he, in

general, did not initially hide this position. here is the focus on his own forces and non-intervention, which is expiring from francoism , it is necessary to achieve calm inside the country without getting involved in foreign policy adventures. blue division. the same answer that the legion konda blue division was not in the armament formation, that is, franca answered the same, that is, as it were, as you are to us, so are you and you, as it were, are not responsible for what the child condor does in spain no, we are responsible for what the blue division makes leningrad. in 1959 , a memorial complex was opened in spain for the victims of the civil war, called the valley of the fallen, the construction of a memorial. it took 18 years for a basilica to be carved into the rock, above which a 150-meter cross was erected in the valley of the fallen

, the remains of 33,000 republicans and nationalists who died during the civil war were buried together. this grandiose monument francisco franco declared a symbol reconciliation of the nation, the caudillo died in 1975 at the age of 82 and was originally buried in the memorial he created in 2013 . the spanish authorities proposed to move the grave of frank to another place, and declare the valley of the fallen a monument to the victims of the francoist regime. this decision was supported by more than half of the inhabitants of spain in 2019, the remains of the spanish caudilla were reburied in one of the cemeteries in the suburbs of madrid

. here the heat of the work is bombed normally you get used to the flight of the projectile, in as a result of which the heating main was damaged , we are trying to do everything in our power somehow so that people have water for heating in the attic, they fly here, so even if it falls not far.

spring floods began in the moscow region due to the increase in the water level in the oka , the movement of vehicles on several bridges and crossings in the lukhovitsky and kolomensky districts was limited, the ministry of transport reported this.

are preparing for a large-scale flood in the orenburg region. the air temperature in the region is noticeably above zero, active snow began. it is believed that this year there will be more water than last year, and over the past day the level of the river has increased, oh traffic on one of the bridges. blocked through it. ukrainian troops strike at the settlements of donbass under fire donetsk gorlovka stick out to the elderly quarters from the heavy artillery of nato countries against the civilian population multiple launch rocket systems are used on makiivka today released three rockets with two more hit the matchmaker in the lpr in a day in the donbass, two civilians were killed , another civilian was injured when a mine was blown up petal. secretary of the general council of united russia andrei turchak visited the location of the 76th guards air assault division in the kremensk direction. he handed over quadrocopters , teplyaks, excavators and diesel generators to the fighters.