journalists in madrid itself, so the famous expression fifth column appeared in european languages ​​in october 1936. the government of the popular front fled from madrid to valencia, but the republican army decided to fight to the last. in response to the threats of the puchists, the defenders of madrid put forward their slogan, but they will not pass the pass. in the capital, the entire male population was mobilized in fierce battles on the outskirts of madrid, the army of frank's supporters was stopped. franco was guided primarily by political considerations. he could to take madrid, but he had first of all to think about what would come of it; he had not yet become the leader even of the rebels. he was

the largest among the rebels, but he was not yet recognized as the leader, and he turned to taleda from aleda, where a group of monarchists defended themselves in the fortress. here they defended this fortress franco turned this madrid towards toledo and achieved the release of these monarchists, and he became the hero of spain, the right spain he demonstrated. here is their adherence to religious values. this also attracted sympathy for him. it's here a true spanish man who fights for the church against these red gods without gods, but it turned out that, in general, the spaniards could not cope with the demons of external help. pain can be a different mechanism for the development of pain, one is not important.

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the decisive contribution to the armament and equipment of frank's army was made by hitler, germany and fascist italy, in total, the germans sent 300,000 rifles and half a million revolvers to spain. an armored battalion was formed, which included more than a hundred of the latest german tanks panzer 1 in november 1936, the luftwaffe command announced the creation of a volunteer aviation

legion condor in total in its ranks about 6.5 thousand people entered. the germans sent over 600 aircraft to spain. including the latest model fighters mister schmidt and junkers bombers are all on the side of the francoist troops. over 100,000 italian fascists and almost 30,000 nazi volunteers fought. as hitler said , we are fighting on the fields of spain and it was soon decided to create this particular legion contour. he played double. first. spanish pilots were trained there, especially on the first and second legions themselves. counter began to actively participate in the battles. why did they work out a new tactic, they made a flyby. e new aircraft during the spanish war. and just a tactic appeared that, in steps , how the elevator pilots acted, which they later successfully used

, e, in battles, the germans and italians cynically tested the latest types of weapons on the civilian population of spanish cities for more than 2 years, the legion pilot. the condor subjected madrid to the most severe bombardments in the spring of 1937. the whole world was shocked by the news from provincial spanish town of guernica, on april 26, dozens of german and italian bombers. sewed onto the ice on this peaceful settlement for 3 hours, they dropped 50 tons of incendiary beans on the gernica during the bombing, and the fires that arose as a result of them destroyed three -quarters of the city's buildings. every fourth inhabitant of the gernica died. in total, about 900 people this day for the bombardment. it was an unprecedented event at that time, when the peaceful

city, where there was virtually no industry. here was subjected bombing and franco did not hide. what for, they will be frightened in the autumn of 1936, the government of the spanish republic asked for help from all the democratic countries of europe , the soviet union was the first to respond to this call. in mid-october 1936, during the days of heavy battles for madrid, soviet transports delivered to spain the first batch of fighters and 15 androk-40 bombers and t-26 tanks with crews during the years of the civil war, the fund for assistance to the spanish people, soviet citizens collected 274 million rubles. with this money tens of thousands of tons of food, clothes and

medicines were purchased and sent to spain at the expense of spanish gold transferred to the soviet union by the republican army. received 648 aircraft, 347 tanks, 1,186 guns and other types of weapons. the ussr sent about 2,000 military advisers, engineers and other specialists to spain. future marshals generals and admirals nikolai voronov rodion malinovsky kirill meretskov nikolai kuznetsov alexander rodimtsev in total 170 soviet internationalists were killed in the battles in spain 59

people were awarded the title of hero of the soviet union in the fall of 1936, at the call of the comintern in paris, it began in the formation of seven volunteer international brigades , socialist communists joined them, and simply adventurers, from all over the world, according to various estimates, from 35 to 60,000 people passed through interbreeds from fifty -four countries of the world in the ranks of the republican troops fought the future yugoslav leader josibrod, the english writer george orwell, an american war correspondent. nest hemingway french writer antoine de saint-exupéry, these were people of leftist convictions of anti-fascist convictions, from the communists of france and italy to such a person as hemingway, and now various international brigades were created from english americans in essence. there was created the germ of the italian communist partisans who then operated in northern italy and

the left motive partisans who operated in france and to a large extent the success of the french communist party of the italian communist party was formed on the fields of spain foreign military assistance greatly increased the power of the republican army, inspired by support, the inhabitants of madrid were now determined to defend their city, women and children lined up in chains, passing stones and cobblestones for the construction of barricades in the vicinity of the spanish capital, defensive ditches were dug. houses prepared for street fighting in the spring of 1937, the troops of general franco began another assault on the city, but they could not break through the defensive lines of the republicans, they were unable to volunteer, 11 interbrids. sickle karl anger subsequently

remembered on campus we fought hard for every lane. every house , every floor, every threshold, sometimes the front line passed through valuable laboratories and libraries, the walls were laid out from thick volumes of the british encyclopedia. nowhere did the nazis come as close to madrid as here , only 300-500 m to the nearest city cafe. in march 1937, the prank troops, with the support of the italian expeditionary force, launched a decisive attack on madrid from the north, but, having suffered heavy losses , were forced to retreat into history, as the battle of under guadalajara.

the defeat near guadalajara became just a landmark event of the war near guadalajara, not only the italian division was defeated, but the myth collapsed, and not victoriousness, the nazis and the italians turned to franco with a request that he counterattack the republicans, but he did not succeed near madrid there were very heavy fighting in the removal of the harama river. franco was furious. he believed that limiting himself simply to the capture of madrid or some kind of victory was not enough to eradicate the infection. your wrath of soldiers and franco was vented on civilians and prisoners of war, addressing the republicans of the franco-general of the army gonzalo kay podollana, said the nobleman's word of honor. that for every one you kill, we will kill at least ten terror, which was actively used by both,

the warring parties resulted in a ruthless bloody massacre during the years of the civil war , the number of extrajudicial victims, among the civilian population of spain exceeded 200,000 people of the body of the killed republicans. franco's soldiers were transported to the burial sites in trucks that were mockingly called meat trucks. most often, the bodies of tortured people were transported by vans for burial in huge ditches, but sometimes, to intimidate those who sympathized with the republicans, the nationalists threw the corpses of their victims. on the streets of the cities, in response , the republicans also brutally cracked down on their opponents of their captives. they lined up along the trenches and in turn fired a bullet at the back of the head to each during the battles for madrid, the leadership of the popular front decided to execute all the prisoners in the capital's prisons, as a potential fifth

column, according to various estimates, the victims of this executions were up to 12,000 people. among them were soldiers, priests, lawyers, journalists , doctors, teachers, a football player of the real madrid club and even an olympic champion. this brutal massacre has gone down in history as the parkour massacre. political purges were regularly carried out and in the ranks of the republicans themselves, left-wing radicals of various views and beliefs could not find a common language and unite even in wartime , on the orders of stalin, agents of the soviet special services staged a real hunt for trotsky’s supporters, who fought in detachments republican volunteers in barcelona , ​​conflicts between supporters of communist ideas resulted in armed clashes. street fighting claimed the lives of more than 500 people.

the english writer george orwell , who was at that time in republican spain, recalled the war taught me this one of its most unpleasant lessons, that the left press is as false and hypocritical as the right, after all. we are waiting for a regime in which all opposition parties and newspapers will be banned. of course, such a regime would be fascist, it seemed to me idiocy that the people fighting for his life is divided into parties. i stood on a simple point of view, let's drop all this party nonsense and get on with the war. in 1937, the military tribunal of barcelona accused orwell of trotskyism and put him on the wanted list

. as a result , the writer had to urgently leave spain . will end, accordingly, what they began to do, who controlled the military aid supplied to them through the soviet union to deny the armaments of the analysts, respectively, our representatives. there, our military advisers, who dealt with people who, in principle, the teams were troops , separately warned them that no contacts were allowed there. that is, they tried to throw the trotskyists into some most dangerous sector and not give them weapons and not support their social reforms, which the popular front tried to carry out in military conditions. time. led to a sharp reduction in production. this led to the fact that in

many areas of republican spain a famine began, the industry stopped serving the needs of the front. watching the workers of barcelona celebrate the independence day of catalonia, a soviet journalist. mikhail koltsov wrote in his diary. today barcelona does not work like a holiday tomorrow. since saturday is the day after tomorrow, like sunday the levels of lacquer are mocking laborer is paid 18 skilled worker 18.25 50 engineer 18 1/250 divisions on the left. the combat readiness of the international brigades was undermined, every fifth volunteer deserted from the army or was executed by the verdict of courts-martial in august 1937, the representative of the comintern palmyra togliatti reported to moscow that the war was going on longer than

our comrades, many volunteers who came here, expected. only for a few months. now they are worried about their fate. from them you can hear the following. is it worth it to stay here we will all be killed or seriously wounded about this. they say that not only demoralized elements, but everywhere and in almost all brigades. in september 1938. all international brigades. in spain , the remaining units of the republican army were disbanded. they began to lay down their arms and issue province after province to the nationalists in january 1939. the troops of general franco captured catalonia, the largest industrial center of spain, after which the defeat of the republicans became inevitable in madrid, which was defending itself. basically, interpretations have already ceased to be the capital, the government has relocated

first valencia, then barcelona, ​​and everyone understood that the government was trying to get closer to the spanish border. where to run then franco felt that the advantage was in his direction. in the territories controlled by spain, franco established a one-man dictatorial regime, the only one allowed by the party was the spanish phalanx. this organization was founded in madrid in 1933. its creators, the young lawyer jasantonio primado rivera , were called the spanish musalim by king alphonse. the falangists imitated the italian fascists in everything black uniforms and blue shirts organized street demonstrations and pogroms of left-wing publishing houses. shortly after the start of the civil war, the falangist leader primado rivera was arrested by the republicans and subsequently

shot in 1937 by francisco franco personally. he led the phalanx and united around this party all the right-wing forces of spain in spain by the time of the civil war. there was a classic fascist party, the spanish phalanx. it was perfect. well, clearly done according to all the canons of the fascist party. she was active, she was revolutionary and she was ready to lead the entire right-wing movement. and at that moment, frank appeared who declared the fascists together with the monarchists to be right-wing conservatives, and then from that, that is, created a completely incomprehensible e, conservative conglomerate from them and as a result of the flank died in 1939, the franco regime officially recognized franco c and england at the end of march, the republican troops left madrid and the national army entered

the spanish capital without a fight on april 1, francisco franco spoke on the radio and announced that the spanish civil war had ended thousands of republicans were forced to urgently leave their homeland during the years of the civil war from spain to the soviet union 3,500 children were evacuated for spanish refugees in the ussr 15 orphanages were allocated with improved conditions and increased nutrition during the great patriotic war, many spanish boys and girls, who have reached military age. the son of a famous spanish communist went to the front. dolores and bari rubin became the commander of a machine gun company from the first days of the war, he participated in battles and even hand-to-hand combat.

in battles with the german invaders , he was repeatedly wounded and the baruri died in 1942, defending stalingrad, he was posthumously awarded the title of hero of the soviet union. the eastern front, as part of the volunteer blue division , served from 40 to 50,000 people in its ranks, but adolf hitler demanded more from the caudilla during the first and only meeting between hitler and franco in october 1940, the führer invited him to conclude a military alliance with germany and let the german troops pass gibraltar, but frank refused the honor offered. hitler's personal pilot hansbar politely refused. he recalled hitler was overcome by the idea of ​​convincing franco to allow the germans to attack gibraltar

. however, franco was greatly disappointed by the head of the spanish state. hard hitler refused him. franco commented on it. ungrateful scoundrel he has the manners of a sergeant. hitler put pressure on franco because he thought that well, they saved franco now it means franco for us, and franco took it. here is the very position that he, in general, did not hide from the very beginning, this position, which reached francoism, was oriented towards its own forces and not interfering anywhere , it is necessary to achieve peace within the country, without getting involved in foreign policy adventures. blue division. the same answer that the code legion blue division was not in the formation of the armed forces of spain, that is , franca answered the same, that is, as it were, like you to us and we to you, you are not, as it were , responsible for what the condor child does in spain. but no, we are responsible for what

the blue division does in leningrad in 1959 . in spain, a memorial complex was opened for the victims of the civil war, called the valley of the fallen, the construction of a memorial. it took 18 years for a basilica to be carved into the rock, above which a 150-meter cross was erected in the valley of the fallen , the remains of 33,000 republicans and nationalists who died during the civil war were buried together. this grandiose the monument to francisco franca was declared a symbol of the reconciliation of the nation. caudillo died in 1975 at the age of 82. and he was originally buried in the memorial he created in 2013. the spanish authorities proposed to move the grave of frank to another place, and

declare the valley of the fallen a monument to the victims of the francoist regime. this decision was supported by more than half of the inhabitants of spain in 2019, the remains of the spanish caudilla were reburied in one of the cemeteries in the suburbs of madrid

let's introduce you to the title of alexander yatsenko, i could save only soviet people fish other. not here, yevgeny tkachuk , i'm lucky, i'll definitely be with you until the end of my life

. fedor dobronravov will figure it out on the shelves , sort it out four steps ahead , sergey makovetsky sees his comrades for the campaign. get ahead of me, comrade. goat konstantin khabetsky never lost, no way.

they shoot every day, we hide in dashes to work, we run, that the heat of work is bombed normally, you get used to the funnel from the flight of the projectile, as a result of which the heating main is damaged. we are trying to do everything in our power to somehow get people water. there was heating. now i'm cooking. here the plane flies or in the attic here it's bach, it's shaking like that, so even if it falls not far the slate blows.

hello. of course, there is great interest. whether your recent talks with the head of china have raised a lot of questions, but i would like to, if i allow myself to start topics that are of great concern to many russians, the west continues the most powerful pumping of ukraine with weapons, as they say, to repel russian aggression, and they are increasingly doing so.