[000:00:00;00] in the forest on madrid, the spanish capital was attacked with four columns from the south to the city by an army under the command of francisco franco from the north, troops of general emilio mola. when the journalists asked mol which of the four columns advancing on the capital would enter the city first, he answered the fifth, meaning , secret supporters of the nationalists. in madrid itself , the famous expression fifth column appeared in european languages ​​in october 1936. the government of the popular front fled from madrid to valencia, but it is true to him republican army. decided to fight to the last. in response to the threats of the puchists, the defenders of madrid put forward their slogan, but they would not pass the pasaran in the capital

, the entire male population was mobilized in the battles on the outskirts of madrid, the army of franco's supporters was stopped. franco was guided primarily by political considerations. he could take madrid, but he had to think first of all about what would come of it, he had not yet become the leader of even the rebels. he was the largest among the rebels, but not he was not yet recognized as a leader, and he turned to the talet until the summer, where a group of monarchists defended themselves in the fortress. here they defended this fortress franco turned this madrid towards toledo and achieved the release of these monarchists. and he became the hero of the guys he demonstrated. here is their adherence

to religious values. this also attracted sympathy for him. here is a true spanish man who fights for the church against these godless, red ones, but it turned out that in general, the spaniards could not cope with demons of external help. pentalgin extragel against pain in muscles and joints, it contains the highest dosage of a substance from more inflammation and a special component for better penetration into the focus of pain. pentalgin extragel was created to combat pain, inflammation in muscles and joints . yes, friend, how much we had with you, remember? i was looking for the keys, and they were at

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interest is obviously profitable. the decisive contribution to the armament and equipment of franco's army was made by hitler, germany and fascist italy, in total, the germans sent 300,000 rifles and half a million revolvers to spain. an armored battalion was formed, which included more than a hundred of the latest german panzer 1 tanks. in november 1936, the luftwaffe command announced the creation of the condor volunteer aviation legion , in total, about six and a half thousand people joined its ranks . the germans transported over 600 aircraft to spain. including the latest models of mister schmidt fighters and bombers of the junkers troops.

over 100,000 italian fascists and almost 30,000 nazi volunteers fought. as hitler said on the fields of spain, we are fighting and soon it was decided to create exactly this legion outline. he played double. first. spanish pilots were trained there, especially on the first and second, the pilots of the counter legions themselves began to actively participate in the battles. why did they work out a new tactic, they made a flyby. e new aircraft during the spanish war. and just a tactic appeared, which, in links, like the actions of backlashes, which were then safely used, uh, in battles, the germans and italians cynically tested the latest types of weapons on the civilian population of spanish cities has been a pilot and legion for more than two years. the condor subjected madrid to the most severe bombardments in the spring of 1937 . the whole world was shocked by the news from

the provincial spanish town of guernica, on april 26, dozens of german and italian bombers. sewed on the ice on this peaceful settlement for 3 hours, they dropped 50 tons of incendiary bombs on guernica during the bombing, and the fires that arose as a result of them destroyed three -quarters of the city's buildings. every fourth inhabitant of guernica died. total about 900 man this day for the bombardment. it was an unprecedented event at that time, when the peaceful city, where there was virtually no industry. that was bombed and franco did not hide. what for, they will be frightened in the autumn of 1936, the government of the spanish republic asked

for help from all the democratic countries of europe , the soviet union was the first to respond to this call. in mid-october 1936, during the days of heavy fighting for madrid, soviet transports delivered the first batch of fighters and 15 ant-40 bombers and t-26 tanks with crews during the years of the civil war, the fund for assistance to the spanish people, soviet citizens collected 274 million rubles. with this money , tens of thousands of tons of food, clothes and medicines were purchased and sent to spain at the expense of spanish gold transferred to the soviet union by the republican army. received 648 aircraft, 347 tanks, 1,186 guns and other types of weapons. the ussr sent about 2,000 military

advisers, engineers and other specialists to spain. future marshals generals and admirals nikolai voronov rodion malinovsky kirill meretskov nikolai kuznetsov alexander radintsev in total 170 soviet internationalists were killed in the battles in spain 59 people were awarded the title of hero of the soviet union in the fall of 1936, at the call of the comintern in paris, the formation of seven volunteer international brigades began , socialist communists joined them, and just adventurers from all over ends of the world. according to various estimates , from 35 to 60,000 people from 54 countries of the world passed through

the international brigades, the future yugoslav leader yosibrod fought in the ranks of the republican troops. tito english writer george orwell american war correspondent ernest hemingway french writer antoine de saint-exupéry. these were people of leftist convictions of anti-fascist convictions. here are the communists of france, italy, before such a person as hemingway, and now various international brigades would be created from english americans in essence. there was created the germ of the italian communist partisans who then operated in northern italy and the left motive partisans who operated in france and largely succeeded. further french.

communist party of the italian communist party was formed on the fields of spain foreign military aid greatly strengthened the power of the republican army, inspired by the support of the people of madrid were now determined to defend their city women and children lined up in chains, passing stones and cobblestones to build barricades in the vicinity of the spanish capital, defensive ditches. the houses were prepared for street fighting in the spring of 1937. the troops of general franco launched another assault on the city, but break through the defensive lines of the republicans, they were unable to volunteer the eleventh interpredators. sickle carlo anger later recalled. on campus we fought hard for every lane. every house, every floor, every doorstep, sometimes the front line passed through valuable laboratories and libraries laid out from thick volumes of the british

encyclopedia. nowhere did the fascists come as close to madrid as here, and the box office was only 300-500 meters from the nearest city cafe in march 1937, the troops pranka, with the support of the italian expeditionary force, undertook a decisive offensive against madrid from the north but, having suffered heavy losses , were forced to retreat into history as the battle of guadalajara. the defeat near guadalajara became simply a landmark event of the war near guadalajara, not only the italian division was defeated , but the myth collapsed, and not the victoriousness of the nazis, the italians turned to franco with a request that he counterattack the republicans, but he did not succeed near madrid. there were very

heavy battles in the distance of the horama river. franco was furious. he believed that limiting himself to simply taking madrid or some kind of victory was not enough to eradicate the infection. the soldiers and franco took out their anger on civilians and prisoners of war, turning to the republicans of the francoist army , gonzalo kay podoylana, said the nobleman's word of honor. that for every one you kill, we will kill at least ten. terror, which was actively used by both warring parties, resulted in a ruthless bloody massacre during the years of the civil war, the number of extrajudicial victims among the civilian population of spain exceeded 200,000 body of killed republicans.

franco's soldiers were transported to the burial sites in trucks, which were mockingly called meat vans , most often the bodies of tortured people were taken for burial in huge ditches, but sometimes, to intimidate those who sympathized with the republicans, the nationalists threw the corpses of their victims right on the streets of cities. the republicans responded. they also brutally dealt with their opponents of their captives. during the battles for madrid, the leadership of the popular front decided to execute all prisoners capital prisons, as a potential fifth column, according to various estimates , up to 12,000 people became victims of this execution. among them were soldiers, priests, lawyers, journalists , doctors, teachers, a football player of the real madrid club and even an olympic champion. this brutal

massacre has gone down in history as the massacre of the paracuyas. political purges were regularly carried out in the ranks of the republicans themselves , left-wing radicals of various views and beliefs could not find a common language and unite even in wartime , by order of stalin, agents of the soviet special services staged a real hunt for supporters of trotsky, who fought in the detachments of the republican volunteers in barcelona, ​​conflicts between supporters of communist ideas turned into armed skirmishes, street fighting claimed the lives of more than 500 people, the english writer george orwell , who was at that time in republican spain, recalled the war taught me. it's one of her most embarrassing lessons that the left seal is just as false and hypocritical as the right, after all. we are waiting for a regime in

which all opposition parties and newspapers will be banned of course, such a regime would be fascist, it seemed to me idiocy that the people fighting for their lives are divided into parties. i stood on a simple point of view, let's drop all this party nonsense and get on with the war. in 1937, the military tribunal of barcelona accused orwell of trotskyism and put him on the wanted list . as a result, the writer had to urgently leave spain . let's wait, when the war is over, accordingly, what began to be done, which controlled the military assistance supplied to them through the soviet union

, to refuse weapons, respectively, our representatives. there, our military advisers, who dealt with people who, in principle, the teams were troops, separately warned them that no contacts were possible. that is, they tried to throw the trotskyists into some most dangerous area and not give them weapons and not support their social reforms, which the popular front tried be carried out under wartime conditions. led to a sharp reduction in production. this led to the fact that in many areas of republican spain a famine began , the industry stopped serving the needs of the front. watching the workers of barcelona celebrate the independence day of catalonia , a soviet journalist. mikhail koltsov wrote in his diary. today barcelona does not work like a holiday tomorrow. since saturday is the day

after tomorrow, just like sunday, the leveling is mocking . a laborer is paid 18 to a qualified a worker 18.25 50 an engineer 18.5 50 disagreements among the left forces. the combat readiness of the international brigades was undermined, every fifth volunteer deserted from the army or was executed by the verdict of courts-martial in august 1937, the representative of the comintern palmyra togliatti reported to moscow that the war was going on longer than our comrades, many volunteers who came here, expected. only for a few months. now they are worried about their fate. from them you can hear the following. is it worth it to stay here we will all be killed or seriously wounded about this. they say that not only demoralized elements, but everywhere and in almost all

brigades. in september 1938, all the international brigades in spain disbanded the remaining units of the republican army, began to lay down their arms and surrender province for province to the nationalists in january 1939. the troops of general franco captured catalonia, the largest industrial center of spain, after which the defeat of the republicans became inevitable madrid, which was defending itself. basically, interpretations have already ceased to be the capital, the government has relocated first valencia, then barcelona, ​​and everyone understood that the government was trying to get closer to the spanish border. where to run then franco felt that the advantage was in his direction. in the territories controlled by spain, franco established a one-man dictatorial regime, the only one

allowed by the party was the spanish phalanx. this organization was founded in madrid in 1933 . its founders, the young lawyer jasantonio, called the primador of the king spanish. the falangists imitated the italian fascists in everything they wore black uniforms and blue shirts organized street demonstrations and pogroms of left-wing publishing houses. shortly after the outbreak of the civil war, the falangist leader primado rivera was arrested by the republicans and subsequently shot in 1937 by francisco franco personally. he led the phalanx and united around this party all the right-wing forces of spain at the time of the civil war there was a classic fascist party, the spanish phalanx. this was clearly done according to all the canons, the fascist party

was active, and it was ready to lead everything is in the right movement and at that moment frank appeared who declared the fascists together with the monarchists to be conservatives, and then, that is, he created a completely incomprehensible and uh conservative conglomerate from them and as a result died in 1939 , the franco regime was officially recognized. t and england at the end of march, the republican troops left madrid and the national army entered the spanish capital without a fight on april 1, francisco franco spoke on the radio and announced that the spanish civil war had ended, thousands of republicans were forced to urgently during the years of the civil war

, 3,500 children were evacuated from spain to the soviet union for spanish refugees in the ussr, 15 orphanages were allocated with improved conditions and increased nutritional standards. during the great patriotic war, many spanish boys and girls who had reached military age went to the front, the son of the famous spanish communist dolores and barry rubin became the commander of a machine-gun company from the first days of the war, he participated in battles. and even hand-to-hand combat with the german invaders was repeatedly wounded and barry died in 1942, defending stalingrad, he was posthumously awarded the title of hero of the soviet union. with the outbreak of world war ii, franco announced the neutrality of spain, the most radical military, who longed to continue the war with the soviet union , sent caudilla to the eastern front as part of

the volunteer the blue division had between 40 and 50,000 men in its ranks, but adolf hitler demanded more from the caudilla during the first and only meeting between hitler and franco in october 1940, the fuhrer suggested him to conclude a military alliance with germany and let the german troops pass to gibraltar, however, frank from the proposed honor. hitler's personal pilot hansbar politely refused. he recalled hitler was overcome by the idea of ​​convincing franco to allow the germans to attack gibraltar . however, franco was greatly disappointed by the head of the spanish state. solid he was refused by hitler. franco commented on this. an ungrateful scoundrel, he has the manners of a sergeant. hitler put pressure on frank quite hard, so he believed that, well, they saved franco

now franco means for us, and franca took that very position, which he, in general , did not initially hide this position. here is the orientation towards his own forces and non-intervention that achieves francoism , it is necessary to achieve calm within the country without getting involved in foreign policy adventures. blue division. the same answer that the legion conda blue division was not an armament formation. that is, franca answered the same, that is, as it were, as you are to us and we are to you, you are, as it were, not responsible for what the child condor does in spain. no, we are responsible for what the blue division makes leningrad. in 1959 , a memorial complex was opened in spain for the victims of the civil war, called the valley of the fallen, the construction of a memorial. it took 18 years for a basilica to be carved into the rock, above which

a 150-meter cross was erected in the valley of the fallen , the remains of 33,000 republicans and nationalists who died during the civil war were buried together. this grandiose monument francisco franco declared a symbol reconciliation of the nation, the caudillo died in 1975 at the age of 82 and was originally buried in the memorial he created in 2013 . the spanish authorities proposed to move the grave of frank to another place, and declare the valley of the fallen a monument to the victims of the francoist regime. this decision was supported by more than half of the inhabitants of spain in 2019. the remains of the spanish caudilla were reburied in

one of the cemeteries in the suburbs of madrid including, isn't it, why are you digging there? we are going to give him the title of the righteous of the world does not want to talk about it, how old were we then at 17 you can hotel yes, many come to us with weapons in

the family there was one valuable relic, i picked it up. i can't give. show me you said you would return.

we'll take care of this. it will be the honest detective. it is always interesting how it all begins now you will see everything. manufacturers of good things want and most importantly, but it's best

to check. you are watching russia 24 channel 18:00 in moscow we continue to talk about the main topics on sunday the threat to public safety as a result of an explosion in the city of kireevsk near tula no, this was reported to the regional government, according to the local ministry of health , three women were hospitalized, but her life was not in danger, three residential buildings and four outbuildings were damaged. instead of an emergency, it is now uncoupled. all the operational services arrived there, including the heads of law enforcement agencies and the head of the regional security committee, the governor of the tula region , alexei dyumin, who personally cardinates their work. several thousand believers today came to the kiev-pechersk lavra for sunday service canonical ukrainian orthodox church. this liturgy, as previously reported on