[000:00:00;00] well, 100 years ago, at least there were a lot of ideas , possibly wrong, but still, but now it feels like everyone is just exhausted, which i see among scientists and partly among politicians is the desire to return to their own cultural roots. we sit, the stump speaks of confucian philosophy, as the basis for the development of modern china in india, the great interest in the bhagavad gita is an ancient hindu text. as a source of ideas for her solution to a problem. the philosophy of the indian nation mahatma gandhi is saturated with religiosity and the ideas of the denial of violence, gandhi rejected the principles of armed struggle. he called to fight. not just for independence, but for its sarvoda a society in which everyone will be equal, where there will be no violence and strife , the religious philosophical book of the hindus bhagavad

gita was of great importance for him . also defiantly violated the british colonial laws in his articles, gandhi repeatedly criticized the postulates of orthodox hinduism, which justified the existence of the untouchable caste . he achieved a ledge of the sloping leader ambetkar and in september 1932 in the city of pune, the leaders of pure hindus and the untouchables signed a pact on equality, though fundamental changes in gandhi before you could not. however, the fact that the first indian constitution banned discrimination has a lot of merit for his economic views . gandhi were controversial , he urged not to build factories, in which he saw the cause of inequality, but urged to live by simple labor, a symbol of gandhism, a hand spinning wheel and handicraft labor. at the same time, he used

great prestige. as among hindus such muslims, gandhi reacted negatively to the division of the former british colony into the republic of india and muslim pakistan after such a divorce, a fierce struggle broke out and the forty-seventh year ended for him with disappointment in the authority of the spiritual leader of the nation, the right of indian nationalists interfered and a year later, as a result of the assassination of gandhia, killed. the society feels as if they were uprooted in the previous period, and they seek to acquire a philosophical basis such is required. on a global scale too, because we interact very closely and it is better to talk about culture on a global level than to become isolated with this topic within society, as for the united states, they are a superpower that defends a dominant position and takes a defensive conservative position. the goal is to prevent changes taking place in the world. and this does not contribute

to the emergence of interesting ideas make thinking very primitive instead of generating a constructive and realistic approach too time to get back to the boys. i was recently listening in europe to a speech by an american industry official who said that the united states should write the rules for the whole world. it's so arrogant and to them, in my opinion, it's amazing that an adult person in general says such a thing americans 4% of the world's population. why on earth should america write the rules that are absurdly repeated over and over again. as for cultural roots , the text of ancient greece returned with pleasure, first of all to aristotle. useful in my opinion touch great thinkers outside of current historical content. they offered to solve the problems of their time very much can be emphasized in this sense.

yes, i would like to return to historical roots, but not to prove superiority. many of the current views are outdated better deal with what we do, while the greats have settled such as aristotle or confucius thank you, we talked with jeffreysaks from columbia university, and the cultural and historical roots let's talk after the commercials don't go. to

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partners. the new concept of the foreign policy of the russian federation, it replaced the document of the sixteenth year. since then, it is clear that everything has changed dramatically at the very beginning. russia is called an original state of civilization. oh, the west is the west, the east, there is the east, and with places not

come down, kipling's famous ballad was written more than 130 years ago, the author's ideas, like most european philosophers and historians of that time, and descended from the concept of europe-centrism, which proclaims the superiority of european peoples and western civilization over all others in the middle of the 19th century, an outstanding russian political thinker nikolai danilevsky put forward a theory of cultural and historical types, in which the slavic type opposes the german type to replace europe, according to danilevsky's forecasts come to russia with its mission of uniting all slavic peoples and high religious potential civilizational motifs are present in the work of oswald spengler, and the famous brit said the clash of civilization. historical diplomat arnold toynbee in the book of civilization before the court of history, in his opinion, expansion lies in the very nature of western civilization, emphasizing this circumstance of toynbee. he wrote, western

civilization has as its goal nothing more and nothing less than the inclusion of all mankind. into a unified society and control over what is on earth in the air and on the water, and to which it can be applied for the good of the cause, modern technology, according to the scientist, the salvation of the planet can only be in search of a middle path between the two warring poles, and the role of the river at the end of the 20th century becomes extremely important in this salvation, american political scientist and thinkers huntington published his historian, philosophical tract, the clash of civilization and the transformation of the world order, according to the author after the end of the cold war. world politics has entered a new phase the restructuring of the global political space on the cultural principle of peoples and countries of related cultures, peoples and countries of different cultures are approaching, on the contrary

, they are moving away from each other, huntington claims that future wars will not be fought between countries, but between cultures, huntington was called the main opponent. francis fukuyama's concept of the end of history, which then gained popularity, in addition to differences along cultural and religious lines. there is also a more materialistic interpretation of the civilizational approach. he is linked with different conditions and traditions of management to prominent representatives of this interpretation, was the french historian fernand took. civilization is a concept legally yes, and culturally inaccurate is always a matter of interpretation, but perhaps one of the most important characteristics is undoubtedly civilization is self-sufficient. she, by definition, does not want and cannot fit in anywhere. and this is a disengagement from the tradition of the patriotic foreign policy since the end of the eighties for 35 years. our country

set the task of fitting into certain communities. now she's off the agenda as for the strengths and weaknesses of identity, we will talk with a very interesting guest andrey wig protoku, who knows the type of countries from the profile of his main work. that's it, he has been studying india all his life. andrey, nevertheless, hello. good afternoon. tell civilizations are born or become, how to become civilizations in ancient times became. there are four main civilizations that are absolutely original ; now, uh, the arab world has two options, and finally, the big western one. that's all they arose, well, approximately in axial time, if we use the well-known term estessa. uh, is this when for? it's about 2,000 and a half years ago, or maybe a little earlier? well, so

the spread is 2-3 centuries, maybe four centuries. that's something like this, that is, they arose in some natural cultural way. eh, geographically, the biggest determinant was geography, and the features of the economy, and to a large extent also the structural ones, the features of the language. okay, that was in axial time. a now who would you call a state civilization, well, again, about the state. well, first of all, it is, of course, china secondly, and japan too although japan is a variant of the far eastern civilization, the main civilizational something, it received from there later, of course, india. of course, one variant of the afroasian civilization, which is now mainly occupied by islam, is iran yes well, and one more variant. yes, i'd rather say. so there are at least three, and i’m not sure about the fourth, but a variant of the great western civilization of the one that went from greece is

central option. this is european and the western version is anglo-saxon and finally, the eastern version is the former orthodox. well, because not necessarily, well, which now predominantly represented our country. that is, the brushes are part of the european church teaching the difference between the anglo-saxon europeans and us. well, and other orthodox, for example, to the same civilization. eh, they belong. well, for example, hmm , georgians or serbs or greeks or, of course, romania about, which for some reason were forgotten, because it strongly defines them all, when he belong, but we e more much in the same way as south asian belongs, india but not only, for example, not palych or anko either, but they, in my opinion, are small, just say, here, india, you are, after all, mostly before all you are doing is india india here for me, as a person of an outsider, a completely mysterious state. i just do not understand

how it can exist even with the variety of complexity of management. well, this is some kind of heroism means to save this country so that it exists, but is it because it is a civilization, that is, something unites it and most importantly. in the modern world in practice, what follows from this for the mesopolitician? yes, of course, because it is a civilization. e, this is a civilization of human breeds, these breeds are called in russian, the word is borrowed from the portuguese casta e, instead of, for example, citizenship, as a western civilization according to the type of people, well, just brahmins, smart breed. there professionals create meanings, this is what keeps all indian history connected. uh, it does not rest on the principles of management. like, for example, in the west or in our country too, it is the principles of self-government and mutual. have mutual respect or not

touching each other of different communities, like caste communities. naturally, in this civilization, as in all others, there are ulcers. well, for example, there are other untouchables, well, these are ulcers, but as far as i remember, under nehru, they still canceled castes, you know, canceling castes is even more strange than canceling the institution of grandmothers among the russian people. well , let's not recognize grandmothers, but grandmothers will still take care of their grandchildren. so it's been cancelled. this means that the state is ignores, but society cannot ignore this in any way. well, let's say caste rules, of course, change a little in the urban environment. well, for example, a brahmin can ride a crowded tram and be pressed down, as he is of their low quality. well, this is exactly the same as in our country a young man will be pressed against an unfamiliar girl in a tram and this is nothing but in another place. it's even nothing like that so well come back to us. you said that we are still growing from one civilizational

family. despite the fact that the relations are political , yes, and in general, culturally and psychologically now out of hand. there are bad ones, does this mean that we are somehow budding? or is it just development costs? i would like us to bud off when i look at the project, that is, at the assertion of the originality of civilization. i remember three options , yuri's option, the third empire option, the russia project , a version of the russian doctrine, there is a mixture of ideology and project thinking everywhere. ideology. i'm not interested, but project thinking. it is such that i would take part in this, but, uh, because we have the potentiality, namely the russian potentiality, to create some new round or give an example of a new round of civilization after the axial time. in which the heirs of other meanings would coexist, therefore it is very well possible to quote the hmm block of the scythians

from not only the shearing meaning and the twilight germanic genius. well, for example, the unearthly beauty of iran or the deepest inner meaning of india or the most magnificent ten-year tradition of chinese self-government is all. this we can take into account. uh. then it would be good to take into account. what does it mean, that is, to adopt or how can we not that we can adopt this fit like some options. we can educate. so that the elite of our civilization will wear it like different suits. that's about as good. and civilization, unless they are so original, they are all not doomed either to a clash of competition or rivalry. well, of course, doomed with two caveats, there are non-expansive, for example, india and china are not expansive.

secondly, rivalry is conceivable in a bad version, which i will not talk about , everything is so clear, and in a good version, and he next. and every civilization has its strengths and its flaws. if you are designing a new civilization, you must design flaws too. uh, the normal rivalry between this kind of civilization would be that we, on our part, learn the strengths of others and take into account the criticism of our shortcomings by others and others do. also, for example, a very strong side of the muslim civilization of the unity of culture and justice is a very strong side of the west and innovation, and a very strong side of the indian civilization. uh no this is how they did not destroy a single and before the historical community of people, not a single tribe. see what has been done to america in

western civilization. we also have our own version of this, you understand, we proceed from we russians proceed from logas, that is, from a situation of joint reflection, when we do nothing, because if we knew what to do, we would have already done it. here, but at the same time, thanks to what was called catholicity here, but to some extent, but people who are not capable of thinking are also connected. well, many are not capable of thinking, because they are included in the general emotionally valuable background. it is his own that can be called catholicity. that is why in orthodoxy the liturgy is much more important than in catholicism, and back in the west, and in the era after the revival in the era of modernity , it is independent thinking that matters more. because of what all not thought is considered. in general, not people. well independent thinking back, that's a separate long conversation. now well, of course,

but russia, that is, from what you say it follows that civilization can be invented, if it is a project, then it was written by a collective genius, and the talent of many people, well, not one, of course, this is the same as a language, well, the hoff exam, invented, esperanto well, that would be empty, if later millions thousands hundreds of thousands did not get carried away and write something. well then, probably the last question, but , in my opinion, the most important one, and we are ready to take on this proud name, because civilization, after all, is, as it seems to me, philistine. this is not a community who is very confident. here we are confident in ourselves, while the first thing to do is to turn education over, it is necessary for education to give rise to a civilization-specific elite, because

civilization is formed by the elite, namely its mentality. it is necessary to realize the difference between our mentality and the western one. as the closest from others, it is easier from the indian one, and so on, and to educate it this way in those projects that i have seen, military education is being stubbornly done, which is understandable enough, but it must be added that the military does not generate meanings. in the sense they give birth in the indian way, and now it is necessary that brahmins are also brought up. and there is no abruptly that we will invent an original wheel in this way. and now everyone needs to reinvent the wheel of the most transmitting. eh, civilization, and the anglo-saxon version of civilization is in a hole from which it does not know how to get out and does not know so much that they are ready to kill everyone, so it still needs to be braided yet . thanks a lot. the concept of civilization

has an opposite meaning that is not unique community, but on the contrary, the general civilized world is a set of advanced social and political norms and institutions that everyone should adopt, so such a civilization also strides by leaps and bounds, report by dmitry vershinin from california soft sun of california in winter the townspeople admire the sunset in a park called bryusov beach in the city of manhattan some of them are familiar with the dramatic history of this place, the understanding that pain happened here should not become a symbol of this park, but the consciousness of that tragedy and the recognition of the mistakes of the past. we should learn from lessons and focus on the positive in the early twenties of the last century charles and willa bruce a black couple bought a plot of land near the ocean and opened a resort with cabanas, a dance floor and hotel rooms the resort became popular

with african americans and restaurants with southern cuisine began to open in the neighborhood white garage. this neighborhood did not like it, and in the year 28 , manhattan beach confiscated the property of the bruces under a far-fetched pretext, supposedly the city urgently needed a new park. the pros were forced to leave the resort, came for desertion, and the park. it appeared here only half a century later. this year, california returned a piece of land to the descendants of the bruce family imainfo. i am aware that people come to california from all over the world, including from the southern states , to face the same humiliating laws and double standards, racism flourished in california, it did not just exist such a turn of events precedent in american history until now the position of the white american majority was simple no one living today is responsible for the events of the past in the form of republicans. in the senate. michmakonel summarized it for the whole of conservative america

, there should be no reparations. we tried to solve the problem of slavery through the civil war laws were passed, and civil rights. we even had a black president. what other payments can be discussed now is even impossible to establish. who would fall under reparations due to the fact that the migration took place in waves however, the authorities of san francisco. not just recognized that the great politics is racial discrimination, but also provided a $ 5 million fund, future reparations to descendants, the affected areas of bayview and hunterspoint call the harlem of the west coast in the thirties of the last century the dock, which behind my back needed cheap labor and african americans moved here from other parts of the country to provide it , however, subsequently the city began to implement a so-called segregation policy, when ambulances, police firefighters came to calls here irregularly, public transport did not run irregularly rubbish was picked up. in general, the authorities, san francisco, deliberately made the life of the black population

of the city unbearable in these areas, and now black rap is heard depressingly and unsafely around garbage from the car speakers. and the guys with gold chains are looking towards the video camera. however, the sharp increase in crime is characteristic of the entire city of high fogs , not only for the black areas of francisco between about 194.1996, when city agencies aggressively pursued the so -called neighborhood redevelopment policy with one single purpose. force the blacks to leave and it happened all over the country. it was federal policy. eric mcdonald chairs the preparations committee, whose task is to determine the criteria by which the victims and the amount of compensation will be established, as well as to separate the real victims. from the crooks of the authorities, a flood of applications is expected at the same time as a half outrage far-right media politicians are already outraged by the very fact that we started this

conversation the fact that reparations are being paid is unheard of for americans what mech makonal said a very convenient screen behind which many descendants of the family hide, including those in san francisco. bruce's return of property was hailed as a triumphant site was recently sold for $20 million, a modest settlement for having been taken 100 years ago. american dream of a decent life dmitry verkhs los angeles san francisco california for international viewing performer of the fifties and seventies of his main hit lonely accordion by boris mokrousov with finnish translation of words by mikhail isakovsky intimate symbol of the era of special relationships. we have already said goodbye to her from the moon, looking in the dark for someone and can not find in any way whether this is a new world order. maybe your joy

is not far away and does not know and you are waiting for yulia, we look forward to it and wait. it was an international review. goodbye. how to calculate the killer among the killers, and where can he hide? only windbreakers are here, they

'll find that it can kill a person depending on what this thing is soaked in. i

need help. we return to the review of news in ingushetia the second member of the bank group was detained, the attacker on the policemen reported this at the headquarters. the identity of the militant has been established - this is mikail mashkhuev. born in ninety-eighth, they took another bandit. they worked, but both, according to law enforcement , were involved in a shootout with police officers on