there is a really huge space . here, the passage 2x2 m is made in full size, and its example shows where what and how exactly will be located already in the original. here we will have a control post at which the astronaut will work, and the station will later complete the interior with equipment for technicians, everyday items and sports equipment necessary for work in orbit. we propose means of preventing the adverse effects of weightlessness on the human body. this various trainers. uh, here are, for example, one of the simulators. this is an exercise bike. we are also planning. here is a large niche for placing an e-treadmill in the walls along the entire perimeter, there is a lot of useful space behind the door panels of the technically hidden and household compartments

of the cabin for astronauts in the floor there is a deep niche, it is temporarily laid down with bills to make it more convenient to walk opposite the niche we have a porthole. e to observe the surface of the earth. the science and energy module is designed to setting up scientific experiments, providing the station with electricity and additional controls, but they are still working on its final functionality. e, today the preliminary design of the station is being carried out, and it is at this stage. we are now determining all the necessary improvements nem, taking into account the new design features, on the basis of scientific energy, they plan to create the base unit of the pravda station. despite all the similarities in the design, yuri elizarov clarifies that their on-board systems are designed differently. the key features of e, the base module will be e, the presence of full-fledged means of life

support. these are oxygen, water supply , provision of food for the crew, cabins for the crew, and high-speed e, information, control interfaces for on-board systems and for target loads. and, that is, while maintaining the key functions of nn, we are at the same time creating fundamentally new products that will be sent to orbit. at m and shm, that is, the nodal, which is also the central docking and gateway module of roses, and both at once with one launch similar schemes were derived. our modules to the iss are pierce e search for a berth, uh, and we use the same scheme for docking. after the integration of the nodal gateway module e, we can already talk about these small mind and cm modules about manned expeditions to

the station about its further deployment, since all the interfaces necessary for this are provided and it becomes possible to enter outer space. and the space station went to its own for a long time, but in the twenty-second year, the anti-russian policy. the west put the question point-blank. in addition, by according to experts, the scientific and technical capabilities of the iss today are almost exhausted by the international space station. at first we thought that it would be such a period of years, five 10 this year the iss has already been flying for the first 25 years. scary to imagine, but still. this is 25 years old. this is a good timing. well, unfortunately, in a number of equipment there are a ridge of elements. this makes

itself felt energy corporations have repeatedly stated that the deterioration of the russian segment. mks is about 80% hermetic, on-board casing electronics engines. all this is due to time. fails and requires repair or replacement, the station’s resources have been saving for a long time, shifting part of the burden on the union and the ship’s progress , for example, for half a year and many elements that we could want to save at the station or they simply do not work with the help of shipboard elements of shipboard systems. well, we can support the navigation component of the orientation there and so on, that is. well, somehow we come up with new ways to manage. discussed for a long time says vladimir solovyov chose

between the forced expensive repair of the iss segment and the construction of a new national station. as a result, they leaned towards the second point set last summer. roskosmos announced the decision on russia's departure from the iss ; only the date of completion of the mission remains open. not as a general designer. there is a clear understanding that until the twenty- eighth year. we can still continue to work from this station. most important space projects in the history of mankind, its total budget exceeds $200 billion huge scientific a laboratory circumnavigating the earth 15.5 times a day at a speed of almost 28,000 km/h in order to better memorize. i 'm not going to speak up to the accuracy of a kilometer and a ton. and so

we can say that 420 tons flies in a circular orbit around the earth up to four and twenty kilometers. uh, an area about the size of a football full-sized football field 110 by 80 decades ago, when the iss was only conceived in the us piggy bank, there was a skype station that fell to the ground and, for errors in control and freedom, an attempt at a stalled stage and development. and russia has successfully completed salutes and the soviet world launched 86, but after years of service, requiring constant repairs. this station is unfolding, but i understood, i understood everything is unfolding at that historical moment, none of the countries could create a new space home alone , someone lacked the competence and technology , others lacked financial capabilities. we all remember those times in the early

nineties, we then had active joint work there or some kind of cooperation with the states. here is the president that they gave and that's in the process. it was decided to involve russia as a full participant in the international space station project after these visits. after long negotiations, complex international collaborations were formed with 15 states, and the iss eventually became the result of compromises on the part of all included in this global project. not only when russia was attracted. e, when our partners got the opportunity to access some of our technologies, our developments, our vision. uh, how do we we make the station, how we are going to operate it. and then, like this, yes, something began to clear up and this

iss project began to breathe. the international space station was originally divided into the russian segment and the american segment, which , in addition to the united states, also includes other participating countries. however , the iss life support system is designed to simultaneously serve extremely small detachments. well, that is, uh, the division is, it is definitely a formal division into russian american segments. but the atmosphere we have is the general temperature. we have the same system of mutual ventilation, everything else is there. she also launched the same module of the multi-purpose space complex everywhere in 1998, and two years later the first permanent expedition team was delivered to the station. sergei krikalev william schaefer and pilot yuri gedzenko seryoga from

the well-known words, like what, we are at home men at last. well, the first thing you fly into a new house is that you need to turn on the light, turn on the light, it works interestingly, then, uh they reactivated the toilet and sewage sanitary device, and then the second third thing they did was turn on the system that is responsible for distributing and heating water in order to drink tea, at least preserve the new orbital house , equip life and prepare the iss for further work. yuri remembers so many things that there was not always enough time for a good sleep. according to the station, several shuttles flew there, which means that the uh module and the star and the zarya uh module were packed with all the equipment that was delivered to this

zip of some kind. it's food, it's water, and it was . although it was laid out neatly, as they thought, but nonetheless. it all had to be torn down. this is something that will immediately catch your eye for the first time. we needed at least a little. uh, living space clear at the beginning of the 2000s, the station had five main modules. now there are three times more of them plus an experimental housing block created by a private travel company. well, both then and now, the crew spends most of the time on scientific experiments in conditions of natural weightlessness, one of the first and it was a good experiment. it is called and is still going on. uh, the plasma crystal was turned on under the influence of electric fields, and we watched it all telemetered. crashed to the ground. uh, we watched the structures of these large field particles, that is, plasma particles. such close ones are the same in plasma conditions, how they behave, and

it was actually such a big science that was interesting to work with. experiments called the plasma crystal began at the final stages of the mir station, new directions of research in science cosmonaut alexander colleria, managed to achieve the results that scientists were waiting for on earth. i have 28 expeditions in 2000. it turned out that it turned out, as it were, an analogue of a liquid. that is, the particles are not disordered lethal charged these microparticles, and lined up an ordered structure. e, in behavior characteristic of a liquid state , the 28th expedition turned out to be the last in the world, but those who worked on the quarry and then in orbit did not think about it, the final decision on the fate of the station was not yet announced, then. we were just getting ready flying, and uh, didn't even realize what a struggle was going on. in general, and for the preservation of peace until the launch of the iss and the provision of all work.

that's because they were different. the opinion of the intention is, well, we basically needed to save the manned program , that is, to smoothly move from the world to the iss . so it needs to be compensated somehow. and that means carry air there by cargo ships. this is expensive, so, of course, i wanted it. uh, basically fix the leak. well, at the same time, uh, to restore the station's operability of all systems so that it can still work in orbit for quite a long time. uh, whatever with a crew without a crew. it's easier with the crew, of course. the base

unit of the mir station was put into orbit on february 20 , 1986 yuri grigoriev, a mechanical engineer of a veteran of the red army, energy, remembers before launch , they worked around the clock in a hurry to 27 congress party to make another gift to the soviet people - station mir. in the third year of her flight, she was like candy. it is better in general to do in life not only from the point of view of comfort but from the point of view of science from the point of view. so to speak, vigorous activity from the point of view of sciences before equipping with tools. yes activities in different areas and interests. that the leg of the modular manned orbital station, the world modified and

understaffed already in the process of operation , has become an ideal platform for studying the earth space and man himself. the technological door through the cabin on its right, by the way, all the expeditions lived in it, all three expeditions, here in this cabin, when we were alone at the station, we had a chair here. so, here is the distribution of water, and in general there is a system for regenerating water from condensate. here is the equipment for medical control. so, periodically monitored the state of health. here, basically, the working area , there were portholes. this means that there were more of them here, the layout is still, as it were, adapted to the museum exhibit station, calculated according to the documents for 5 years of technical operation. as a result, it worked three times longer than its warranty period, but by the mid-nineties, electronics and

mechanisms were regularly failing and in need of repair. yes, it required maintenance of constant monitoring of control and regulations for the restoration of on-board systems. that is, its effectiveness was objectively reduced for a number of reasons, and for a number of the system it became the ninety-seventh year and went out of order, either one or the other in the quantum module occurred a fire due to a defective oxygen bomb, and the progress cargo ship damaged the spektr yes module during docking so that the latter could not be saved for 15 years. the fact that the systems were designed, so to speak, according to all documents for 5 years of complexity were at the station was fully operational in the nineties for a full-fledged repair of the orbital complex. russia had no money to service, the deteriorating station became an unbearable knife, and for

the country's deficit budget, the financing of the world was practically budgetary, well, it stopped. in 1998, they were further financed, uh, mainly from non-budgetary sources, but at the same time, under the responsibility of energy and roscosmos for ensuring flight safety, they fought to the last to abandon their manned station before starting full-fledged work on the nks meant voluntarily surrendering the position of the world leader in the space race. first, it was necessary to make sure that the iss flew normally and the manned program began there. that's why, in general, i had to maintain the orbit of the station. in addition in addition, one of the options that was then considered was to make the world of the modules of the new station in order to preserve the unique scientific equipment assembled there over the years, but the american partners in the iss did not support the idea. a new station with the participation

of well-known partners, which means they are used to being the first everywhere, and then it means, suddenly an international station is being built and using the world, which, frankly, i want to quickly forget. and cut off here, and then suddenly such a memory such a tail, of course they were against it. alexander kollerius and sergei salyutin, during the 28th expedition, they performed the main one , found the place of air leakage at the station , eliminated it and confirmed the tightness of the hull. they completed their flight on an emotional upsurge and i believe that after that there will be another shift, but it did not materialize the crew was preparing our understudies sharipov or vinogradov so the exams were ready, but the iss

crews went on, and the world was flooded in march on march 23 already without a crew . those who were parting from mir station in the mission control center remember that day, many do not by agreement, they came in dark clothes, the last day, a sad day. the program has been developed. consider on the advice of the chief instructors and the state commission was accepted. so to say, the implementation began within four hours, everything was. well, then the announcement in the hall. that at such and such a turn, there such and such a time, the legendary complex ceased to exist, announcer. just a huge one said he climbed in, well , it turned out to be filled, like a wagon at rush hour

, the main control room, that is, since the work was over, and then everyone came and so on we talked there later, when we heard the message and all this all calmed down and it turned out like a minute of silence. for all 15 years of operation of the soviet and russian orbital station mir, but more than 100 cosmonauts and astronauts worked on board successively, more than 23 thousand scientific experiments were delivered, and the total mass of cargoes returned to earth with the results of experiments exceeded 4.5 t means , this is the highest achievement of manned astronautics of mankind. we have learned to live. we have learned to work. we have decided a number problems. and i believe that today the industrial exploration of space by man up to

the level of 400 km has been mastered by the station mir at one time became a logical continuation of the fireworks that launched space exploration. to a fundamentally new qualitative level , here is a small illustration of how everything happened with aluminum. the fact is that why it was necessary to build a salute in the seventieth year of the union-9 cosmonauts. e hmm nikolaev and sevastyanov flew off for 18 days. it was a difficult flight in terms of consequences, despite the fact that the flight itself was normally, upon returning to earth, the astronauts were so weakened that they could not walk independently for several days; it became obvious that a long stay in weightlessness requires serious training on board, but the size of the ship. the union did not imply sports. then, in the week of the construction of the station, it finally took shape,

when the station was planned and designed, it first of all had to be equipped in order to provide a person with a history of debts. started in 1971 fireworks launch 1 georgy dobrovolsky vladislav volkov and viktor patsaev for the first time spent 23 days in orbit cosmonauts explored the waters of the oceans tested penguin load suits. they are used against hypodynamia, a series of medical experiments were carried out. unfortunately, when returning to earth, the crew usually died when they entered the dense layers of the atmosphere. uh, after the parachute opens, uh, the communication between the crew and the ground begins. they did not get in touch with the rapid decompression of the descent vehicle, that is, they practically died from lack of

oxygen already during the flight. and when they descended to the ground, all resuscitation actions of medicine did not help the crew either. they didn’t bring them back to life, it was a big loss for us, but also an indication that it was necessary to fly with spacesuits , new salutes went into space after the first one, and with each successive launch, the time the crews spent in orbit increased. alexander alexandrov worked on the seven. almost 5 months, my expedition lasted, uh, 149 days and i think 18 hours, something like that , about 150 days it was a flight. i would say such an average duration when the basic unit of the world was being prepared and launched. salyut seven was still circling in orbit, but to abandon it until they were going on board, there were valuable tools and equipment with which the station

was systematically understaffed for several years to lose. all this would be wasteful. we are with you in the working compartment of the salyut-7 station. this can be said to be a holy place, because here is the first post the first post, where there were two chairs, but now they are not here, there are two chairs. so the commanders a flight engineer in a large volume in a large volume of the working compartment there is scientific equipment, and also there was a treadmill in order to develop a sport here, a philargometer. and up there on the ceiling. i was asleep. he laid out a bag there. uh, a tourist, one might say, sleeping with lightning and went there to this zone , and when the working day ended, this is a museum

exhibit, a full-size mock-up of a salute, and the real one was mothballed and brought into orbit, having previously overloaded all the equipment on the world, they carried out the most complicated operation such winters and vladim. soloviev was an active cosmonaut in those years, and now he is the general designer of the red army energy, he directs the work on creating roses and managing the russian segment of the iss to repair the old. in general, this is not the case for the modern technology of modern science. there are a lot of new ideas . vladimir kozhevnikov has been appointed chief designer of the new russian station. according to him, one of the key innovations, in addition to the open architecture of roses, allows it to be used almost forever in that the station will be launched completely original for the work of man in space polar orbit is the decision that the station will fly not at an inclination of 51.6, as all

our stations and the iss flew, or an inclination of 42, which the chinese station has at a high latitude inclination of 97.8 °. what gives new opportunities in the development of manned cosmonautics, first of all, is the very possibility of surveying the entire surface of the globe and the entire surface of russia, we have the northern country, as you know, the survey from the iss or from mir station, this is no more than 10% of the territory. in addition to the advantages, the high-latitude orbit has its own disadvantages, the station will pass through the radiation belts surrounding the earth. raise the iss all the time, and the growth will cross them, but experts assure the crew will be able to stay there without risks for 10-11 months, in part, therefore, and also in order to save a new space house, it was conceived uninhabited, and i believe that the visited

we will master the station and it will start to work systematically with us. we will be able to switch to such a mode, the crew arrives, everything that needs to be done charges the entire scientific he tests the equipment and there he tests it, and just how he made sure that everything works fine in automatic mode. it flies to the ground and that in addition to the permanently docked modules , one free flying one is planned, it will not only move. together with roses, but also move away from it for a while, it is expected that such a scheme of work will give cleaner scientific results, manned stations, so to speak, inhabited, there is far from pure weightlessness, but to obtain serious such materials in weightlessness, especially biomaterials it is pure weightlessness that is important. here is a free-flying module for a moment.

you can just say so, and no one will do it there. gym experience, kicks will not be turned off, all engines will be in fact on the order of better not weightiness. with the help of gyros-stabilizers powered by electricity, which will significantly reduce fuel requirements, it will also increase the number of points for connecting equipment, primarily scientific, compared to the iss, but this will require the unification of interfaces. we as developers of the object we say that guys, we give you jobs in the energy sector, we will provide heat dissipation. we provide you with interfaces with the module to send commands to your equipment and receive data. and you kindly comply with these standard rules, and in this case we will get the very synergistic effect that we want to get, that is, this is what, well,

new technology, yes. as a result, roses should become a modern multi-module platform for testing promising and improving existing scientific research projects in space. technologies. now the stage of preliminary design of the new russian station is being completed and the project requires full timely financing of the work. only in this case, the manufacturers say. everything will be clear and on time, as in the best traditions of the soviet and russian manned cosmonautics.

the usa deployed about 400 abroad, and most of which have laboratories located in close proximity to the russian borders. the federation council approved a report on the activities of the us biological laboratory. there was a discussion in the direct inclusion of our correspondent? the shevelucha volcano is weakening, but the eruption does not stop , meanwhile, the village in kamchatka has already begun to be cleared of ashes. what forces are involved and what is the situation on the ground? a promising combat equipment of an intercontinental

ballistic missile was launched from the kapustin yar test site, a conditional target was hit. cosmonautics day on april 12, 1961, the first manned flight into space took place. what are the challenges facing russian science today and how is work on the creation of a new russian orbital station? russia is fully prepared to repel biological threats. this was stated by valentina matvienko at a meeting of the federation council, where the senator today unanimously approved the final report on the investigation of circumstances related to american biological laboratories. in ukraine, we will find out all the details from our correspondent dmitry gornov on a direct line. dmitry welcomes this, what is the main conclusion of the reports and how was the discussion in the federation council there daria good afternoon, but the conclusions, in short, then it is that the facts of the activities of the west which are completely illegal contradicts.