tv RIK Rossiya 24 RUSSIA24 April 15, 2023 3:30am-4:01am MSK
3:30 am
3:31 am
. if you could, let’s say, get 114 , well, one event per day, then 118 is approximately one event per month, great luck in that , the island of stability predicted by theorists still exists how does fundamental science change over time ? the life of one generation, how to see it? how to fix it, it turns out to be very simple here is a school textbook on chemistry in the mid -eighties at the time i was just beginning to be interested in science. here is the periodic table in it 105 elements of the last nilsborium. well, as my father explained to me
3:32 am
, even these last elements. in fact , it does not exist in nature. all of them are obtained artificially in the laboratory in nuclear reactors and nuclear physicists are engaged in this. and here is how many elements there will be. and whether there will be no one knows. here it was mystery. it impressed me then. and now , almost 40 years later, a new chemistry textbook in the periodic table already has 118 elements discovered 13 new ones. who knew then that i would be lucky to meet these same nuclear physicists? with those who create new matter , a new reality, moreover, fate gave me a meeting, probably the most important of them, with academician oganesyan. and we were lucky to be his contemporaries on april 14, yuri salatovich, celebrates his ninetieth birthday, the scientist oganesyan proved with all his deeds that scientific research cannot be accidental that the intuition of fundamental science is very expensive. after all, he is yuri salatovich. oganesyan is directly related to the discovery of a
3:33 am
dozen and a half of the last elements of the periodic table, to be more precise, in the discovery of superheavy elements equal to fire. well, not in the whole world, and yet in the words of yutse, as his colleagues call him, there is some truth, because physics, he got, quite by accident, i generally didn’t think. as a child, oganesyan was going to become an artist of destiny. gave him a meeting with a recognized soviet cartoonist leon gench. together they painted gogol's inspector general and the gench was going to publish this book. those illustrations were not preserved. the album oganesyan burned, he still cannot forgive himself for this, but after the war he submitted documents to the moscow architectural institute, and at the same time with his friends also in mephi engineering and physics and easily entered both. the university must make a choice where to stay decided to become an architect raced into
3:34 am
the myth. return the documents, and they answer, but everything is fine. this is how we became physicists in the post-war years nuclear physics was still young. the training program was made up by science, along the way. things were hard to study for 10 hours every day after defending his diploma, oganesyan was assigned to the institute of atomic energy, where the novice scientist was personally met by the already recognized gersh scientist. butker, he worked on cyclotrons and reactors. here it is impossible. what is powerful one chat literally, well , he was pleased with ugu, but another promising
3:35 am
graduate was intercepted by another great georgy fedorov, a world-famous nuclear physicist, together with konstantin petr zhak. they opened spontaneous fission of the nuclei of uranus and then in the summer of the fifty-fifth, flerov recruited a team to move to dubna in a new college. what am i into? in what kind of sport they take fleurva , this turned out to be enough to discern talent. the academician himself turned out to be the third great mentor on the path of a recent student oganesyan. igor kurchatov, director of the institute of atomic energy and the creator of the soviet atomic bomb, turned on kurchatov when we were doing the experiment. he was also in line with me. until nine hold out, perhaps to me. and write what you need. i call fluorov, i say, a beard has come, i ask there is no more.
3:36 am
damn , how are you? you play or everything is in order, you brought the paper, so they think, but it’s uncomfortable for me to read another 20 points without panties. writes to accept for execution. so hovhannisyan is 22 years old. thanks to the trust of academician kurchatov , he received equipment for a new scientific research. of course, he is lucky from
3:37 am
the point of view and science, in which he got the people who surrounded him, the head of the joint institute for nuclear research. grigory trubnikov became an academician at the age of 40. he is one of the youngest academicians. he knows well how important it is, when reputable scientists believe in you, they called him at night, which means you have to fly out there tomorrow afternoon and are punished in the family in france. and from the very beginning, he fell into such an environment and into such hands, into such hands. well, in such a community that could not inspire a person to some great great accomplishments, how immediately such an impulse for this dan was for this projectile. i don't know how it to name someone with whom to compare trubnikov chief oganesyan, but only formally, they are colleagues like-minded associates in the institute. trubnikov came to dubna in 1998 as a graduate student, when yuri oganesyan was already
3:38 am
an outstanding scientist and had the opportunity to study. they have the opportunity to even just communicate and talk. this is a great happiness. 1956 in dubna, the joint institute for nuclear research is being completed ; the particle accelerator cyclotron is ready for work yuri oganesyan in the scientific group for the study of new transuranium elements, and the next year the swedes claim to have discovered element 102 and called it stuffing in honor of the nobel committee that the americans repeated the experiment, but in fact it turned out that both of them were wrong. only you here is the third experiment that we did correctly writes us asked uh allied applied physics. let's change the names, you know.
3:39 am
this time, it was already on the cyclotron at 300, he also presented the world with elements 104 and 105. yuri oganesyan tested it on it and offered his colleagues a cold fusion reaction. this is when the magical isotopes of lead and bismuth irradiated with ion beams with atomic numbers from 22 to 30 worked dubna has a priority in the discovery of several laboratories in the world according to such a scheme of elements up to 107 inclusive. these experiments were repeated and new elements were discovered. dust, 112 capernitia, the periodic table filled up quickly. true, all new elements were extremely short, living milliseconds. at best, a few minutes, but then the scientists, as if there was no progress against the wall. but the theory predicts that somewhere there is an island of stability in the area
3:40 am
114 elements before that, oganesyan came up with a method of cold fusion within the framework of this method, the germans advanced a lot up to element 112 in darmstadt. and he suggested let's in a hot confluence. and in the hot merger they did not believe him. we then proved for several years that this method works, that we got everything saying, no, this cannot be. at any conferences they fought with them, they explained that you weren’t physicists then if you didn’t understand, but when they later realized that they had nowhere to go, they repeated our the results, of course, mikhail itkis, also a legendary man, took over the leadership of the laboratory and nuclear reactions of o and eggs in the most difficult years in the late nineties, when every day was like the last money was barely enough for a salary . element, it disappeared in very harsh
3:41 am
conditions, we started it, and suddenly they call us from the services of the main faith, oh, something cuts off the electricity with nothing to pay. so we mobilized our money from the applied department. that is, their returned called in no case do not turn off paid for electricity there was no money in the budget and imagine after 2 days we received the first atom, 114 elements here is history. chesky entered the island of stability. it was slerovy. although the name was approved for only 14 years. after this always long process, fevrovia was obtained in a hot fusion reaction; plutonium targets were bombarded with calcium ions, 48, which was very expensive in every sense, comrade materials.
3:42 am
keep it a lot there, and here i wrote them salutation for rent for 7% , write - says, well, he invites calcium. i say what i say will do with it. i need to speed it up. well, that's how it won't work out differently, you know, like a cat around sour cream? and then they call from the ministry of finance. return the rented calcium no, but i won’t go, just tell this one to marry. he thinks that
3:43 am
a scientific discovery is made for free, he is deeply mistaken. by turn, of course, from this institute, but there was nothing world-famous scientist was not fired, especially since to at that time, the cyclotron was upgraded to the u400 model and the accelerator began to produce one new element after another. we go up to the u400 accelerator hall, this is a veteran of nuclear physics. well, they are familiar elements of this magnet coil, the yellow ones are actually the accelerator. an ion guide comes out of it. on it is a beam of accelerated wars. it flies over this wall straight into the target. wall with biological protection. last experiment. they were carried out on targets made from berkeley, but it was on
3:44 am
this accelerator that the last six chemical elements in the periodic table from 113 to 18. so this is in every sense a well-deserved veteran of nuclear physics. almost all of the latter elements were synthesized in cooperation with the americans by colleagues from across the ocean who sent targets from long-lived superheavy elements to the institute. in dubna they were irradiated with ions. to assault. the islands of stability also decided to go. together, aganesyan flew to america to propose to glen seaburg. why did he refuse? what do you think? for me it was you know how such a tub of cold water. after all, it was always considered that they are doing one thing together, and this is more than friendship in a unique photo next to three nuclear physicists, whose names are included in the periodic table georgy flerov glen sibur
3:45 am
and yuri oganesyan, the last two while still alive and such a blow, but oganesyan only headed the laboratory there were a lot of nuclear reactions and plans for joint work. we need to test this hypothesis. how wealthy she is, what is or heavy. here insults they are silent. no. do you know well? and another american colleague said and offered cooperation. if we do, then
3:46 am
let's do it if it turns out that this experiment is better for you. i'll stay with my people, come here and work here until we get a result. but if it turns out that this experiment is better to do. he is with us, so you guys should all get up and come to us and will work with us. let's discuss, we're going to you all and eat them from now on the american monopoly. it means that we have stubbornly achieved this task and we are ahead of the planet to this day. so element 118 was first obtained in dubna in 2002, then in 2005 a total of two months of continuous bombardment of 30 quintillion targets. this is 30 billion billion with
3:47 am
strokes and only three atoms of the new element at the output, then it was designated like the moon's nails. from the latin numeral 118. the author writes the reaction of obtaining the fusion of california with the same 48 calcium. and he will have masha, well, 250 49 is a formation that turned out to be new. it is heated and this group energy needs to be removed, it emits one neutron 2 n. 3 not throne and account for the same 118, but already cold. 294 most of
3:48 am
the way to the discovery of the 118th element, yuri oganesyan did as part of a team of like-minded friends. vladimir utyonkov has been around all these years and it seems as if he has learned to feel the neutrons and arrows of which it is necessary to single out units. those same with an increase in the atomic number of the bucket, the probability of its formation decreases, if 114 could , let's say, receive, well, one event a day, then 118 , of course, in terms of laboriousness, obtaining 118 was much more difficult compared to other elements. everything is somehow rethink a smoke and then just
3:49 am
start talking. here we finally got the first core of some next element. in the future, new unique research from 2020. the institute has an extra-class particle accelerator , a factory of superheavy elements, the assault on acute stability continues, the factory of superheavy elements is entirely the fruit of the efforts of dubna scientists, designers , engineers, the idea was born here. this is where the project was developed. and that's all we see, this accelerator is built here or by order laboratories of nuclear reactions in the member countries of the institute. but this resonator was built in tambov to house the main magnet and the accelerator housing at the new kramatorsk mechanical plant, this is the city of kramatorsk and the coils of the main magnet. these red dees accelerators built in romania in slovakia are such a vivid example. fruitful cooperation international
3:50 am
cooperation for the benefit of fundamental science scientists secretary of the laboratory and nuclear reactions alexander karpov, a student of oganesyan and one of those who built the superheavy factory elements. and who is now working on it now pause while we are here. and so now. uh, right now there is an experiment on the synthesis of isotopes, element 110. this is such a little step back from 114. and as i said, the fusion cross section drops when we go to lighter elements and to heavier ones. here we are, after all, preparing for the synthesis of 120, and we want to. uh, here's a feel for this minimal minimal fusion cross section. well, with international cooperation it became more difficult, some countries responded to their scientists from dubna, well, far, not everything is held to the feminine. he has been strong for 20 years now, he has an important job here studying
3:51 am
reactions in beams of ultralight elements hydrogen seven. and what does it give the sectors to teach retime? this is also not the case in poland. i myself do not use other centers, you will not get it either. and then you teach a unique range of energy to a gap of energy and then look, how many cells survive, as if under what pressure, what kind of dose, and so on, you can’t fly to mars, yes, quieter, how many survive here microcircuits, what dose kills them, how much you can send into space, you already live in dubna at the age of 20, where is your family, well, family, it turns out it’s cold in poland now, the wife comes in the summer, yes, well, no matter how much, but there is bulaev from the national group of kazakhstan is working on a detector catching new isotopes today at the center. scientific interests 110 element darm state has already been discovered for six
3:52 am
chains, because these 27 are, well , they have not yet been entered into the map and, accordingly, the daughter nuclei are also hasi-72 and seaburgs, 268 are also new open isotopes these cells must be filled. scientists from other countries also fill the vacant places in dubna, those who have long dreamed of cooperation go to dubna, we do not waste time on suffering the loss, but with time and effort we must direct and do this to ensure that in this situation gain new opportunities. this means that now several large countries will expand, they enter the institute, they enter the level, as i call them flex, that is, a state with flags. it means an intergovernmental agreement. we signed up a week ago in mexico such an agreement. now we are preparing with china a and a number of serious
3:53 am
latin american countries of large economies, india, of course, uh , strange uh of the pacific region, serious partners with whom, in which they have strong science, we are interested in their science and institutions. interesting at the institute, he is building the most ambitious plans for the laboratory of nuclear reactions , ten times stronger than any other laboratory in the world; the factory of superheavy elements is 100 times more productive than its predecessor, the u-400 cyclotron. discovery of element 119, very close and academician hovhannisyan has already thought of everything or you will take california well then you will be the next element already calcium.
3:54 am
and there are 120 nearby, but for the sake of what all this how to apply it in everyday life? well, humanity, that this humanity , humanity will wait a little bit , gradually pushes it all into a sea of instability. and then you can't do it again. it's an island. question is the last island. the best
3:55 am
sister, then it is necessary to plow on this island because of the fact that the tasks that we set for ourselves are properly done. this is uh explain the origin, and the elements of these substances, of which we are composed, find out where the boundaries of the existence of nuclei. how heavy nuclei and chemical elements can be, yes, where is the limit of the material world here. well, in which we live, nuclear physics specifically made it possible to discover new floods, which in the nineties, maybe a little earlier, they began to call radiofar preparations, without them. now it is impossible not to diagnose. this is a ct scan, mri , and so on, not a good half of our treatment. oncological diseases is what is done with the help of a radiopharmaceutical drug.
3:56 am
now the output is improving the quality of human life and prolonging human life almost twice as many new discoveries are ahead, but already now thousands of millions of those saved can safely address their gratitude to the scientists of the joint institute for nuclear research in dubna, and this is worth living for. i never regret never regret, not only that's because it was not normal to go. well, also at work. that's it. it turned out like this, not so.
4:00 am
zelensky’s formation lost about 600 more soldiers of officers, 13 armored vehicles of tanks were destroyed, as well as 9 howitzers, two multiple launch rocket systems, as for artyomovsk, an active offensive continues , assault squads threw back ukrainian militants in the western part of the city, the enemy suffers significant losses. including destroyed by the commander of a platoon of a foreign legion. pole mikhail zhurik. here is now a report of our encor yevgeny like his group for two days.
8 Views
IN COLLECTIONS
Russia-24Uploaded by TV Archive on
![](http://athena.archive.org/0.gif?kind=track_js&track_js_case=control&cache_bust=1460889686)