[000:00:00;00] for example, they study an object of cultural heritage, for this they use a variety of natural science methods from x-rays, the main advantage of which is that they allow you to look inside the object without damaging it, to electron microscopy , chromatography and many others, the choice of method depends on the material of the object that follows.

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will instantly deliver it to anywhere in russia alpha bank is the best mobile bank. one of the largest studies was carried out jointly with the pushkin museum in 2019. at that time, a huge van was needed to deliver the exhibit, but the exhibit was a special kurchatov institute. they brought mumiyo such a complex comprehensive study of the egyptian mummy was the first such experience not only for the institute, but for the entire scientific communities of our country, to begin with, the mummified patient was assigned an x-ray computed tomography, they saw how we penetrate through,

uh cover was covered and already further fabric, skeleton and entrails. the first mummy is such an old woman. there were quite a lot of finds inside this mummy, which are most likely some kind of ritual objects and which are placed in cavities in the body of the mummy. during the unification , it was even possible to find out that during her lifetime this woman suffered from periodontal disease and had problems with her spine. even more amazing discoveries awaited scientists during the study of the remaining nine mummies from the collection of the pushkin museum. the composition of the embalming substances. it was also carefully studied. to do this, we used the chromatography method, which is optimal for the study

of organic substances. here are pieces of fabric of this resin that were preserved and invited us we took samples and so our research began , just to study compound coatings study that are used beeswax and fat, scientists unraveled the recipes of egyptian mummification masters, who in ancient times kept a strict secret on the chemical composition of bitumen managed to determine the place where it was mined in the dead sea basin. at one female mummy. even 2,000 years later , the hairstyle has been preserved. she even has seryozhka , and her head and hair were subjected to a separate procedure for this purpose. we found out the composition, but this coating it is rather interesting that the composition includes an uh compound, which is now used in sample gels for

dna extraction, because the organic tissues of the mummy are impregnated, with chemical compositions and solid bone material had to be connected. as a result, the institute's genomic center managed to study the dna of three mummified bodies, which thanks to this, we learned, we confirmed that the mummy belongs to the mediterranean anthropological type, that is , modern spaniards and italians belong to this type. thanks to the computer's ability to not only penetrate inside the mummy without damaging their integrity, but also to recreate the appearance of long-dead people in the mummy's exhibition project, though in virtual space. so modern methods of researching materials have brought to a whole new level working with

the heritage of the past and will no doubt lead to unique breakthroughs in the future of energy consumption. every year it grows faster and faster. even despite the impressive indicators of improving energy efficiency, local measures that humanity is taking, realizing the limited resources are insufficient on a global scale for the development of production and digitalization at the same pace, energy generation needs to be increased by 15-20 times, but with modern technologies. it is impossible to need a fundamentally different one. the approach is really a breakthrough at the junctions, so to speak, of different sciences. and today. of course we we are present at the emergence of completely new fundamental directions.

like quantum biology, quantum bioenergetics and so on, and very close to what we will soon begin to understand, what is the secret of life, as such, what is the secret of the colossal efficiency of life processes, nature, such technologies are artificially reproduced natural processes and systems, for example, photosynthesis , the perfect natural mechanism for obtaining energy from sunlight. how to make modern production? just as effective and environmentally friendly need to this task are working in the department, biotechnology and bioenergy, thanks to the development of technology and the emergence of new opportunities. we will be able to provide everything necessary for any number of people on earth. and without destroying the environment. this is perhaps the main goal that we are going for is, uh, the idea of ​​harmoniously sustainable development, uh, of man and the environment. this is a photo-bi-reactor, inside which the biomass

is microdissolved, this is a tube for air access , bubbling is thus carried out and also there is an led backlight, which is so necessary for microalgae to maintain their metabolism. we monitor the growth of phototrophic microorganisms. and every day we select biomass for analysis in order to track how intensively, and our cells grow in a reminiscent aquarium, rather unpretentious light, carbon dioxide and a nutrient medium, everything they need for active reproduction, and they grow an order of magnitude faster than any plants . on earth , no branches of the roots of pest and weed control, pure biomass, and besides, there is no however, the nutrient biomass of these microorganisms contains a great deal of

essential amino acids, undoubtedly fatty acids. those same omega-3 omega-6 plot acids that we all eat as such , uh, pills, mostly fat, but here they also have microorganisms. mostly. uh, they are cultivated in such a liquid form and then they can be harvested and simply eaten right now. of the scientists' suspensions , there are plenty of ideas on how to exploit the unique properties of these microalgae. for example, they can be used to treat wastewater and improve the atmosphere in cities. and we offer to embed photo-birators in the facades of new houses, or install them as an independent structure in places where carbon dioxide emissions are high. for example

, next to the highway, one of the areas of research that our laboratories are engaged in. this is the creation of technology for the complex processing of biomass of phototrophic microorganisms, atmosphere, towels, with which most people are known as spirulina, in addition to the fact that it has its nutritional value. it can be used in various treatment facilities. as a feed additive. as a fertilizer, you can send to mars in this sealed microorganism box already. they adapt to life in the martian atmosphere, which is 95% carbon dioxide. we can constantly replenish. uh food supplies water and air, however e. it will be very, uh, economically unprofitable in the case of, uh , long-term manned missions, for example, to the same moon or already to mars; therefore

, a bioregenerative life support system is being developed. they will be in progress photosynthesis. let's oxygen clean the air from carbon dioxide and the accumulated can be used as an additional source. more than two-thirds of the territory of our vast country, they have centralized power supply networks, but everywhere there is biomass. yes, wherever there is land, where there is water, where there is sun, and due to this biomass it is possible to provide, in fact, all the basic necessities of life for living in quality living in remote areas. as a matter of fact, the first energy that a person received was also with the prefix bio, since it appeared as a result of burning firewood. today, scientists

are working on obtaining third- generation biofuels, it is planned to use the same microalgae as raw materials. this is a promising technology, which is still at the development stage, and specialists already know what kind of biofuel we will use in the distant future will specifically create synthetic cells using genetic engineering methods and genetic technologies, and so on. i won't be strong it’s right to synthesize biomass in general, yes, from which you still need to process alcohol there or there, uh, oils and so on. yes, they will purposefully make exactly those molecules that have the highest energy capacity and can be used as fuel. this will be the final breakthrough it is difficult to judge how soon this will happen, but it is clear that in the future, built on the nature of such technologies, without genetics,

a huge program launched by presidential decree is indispensable, and we are the main scientific organization. we have the third biogenetics of the country’s potential at the kurchatov institute today , and this is the most important basis of modern personalized medicine for a completely new agriculture, non-breeding, animal husbandry akam culture, which was not so long ago called deputy energy, is engaged in living life genetics of the genomic center. here the genetic information of any living cell is deciphered. you dna sequencing process itself takes from a day to 3 days depending on the reagents used. after

that, our bioinformaticians analyze the obtained data, the genetic material must be isolated from the cell. and it's not so easy, for example, a grape leaf. to do this , you have to go through the seven circles of trials. first. it must be manually pounded with a mortar, then a special solution is added to destroy the cell walls, then shaken well after the homogenization step. we transferred solution a to a special column, and washed it several times, since the initial biomass contains proteins in the cell wall. and after that we added an illustrative solution

in this case, which stands for water as well and centrifuged our dna the kurchatsk institute, in addition to being the main scientific organization of the entire program, on the basis of the kurch institute , a world-class genomic center in the field of agriculture and industrial microbiology has been created, which develop in the gene center help new plant varieties to appear, if earlier to create, for example new variety of wheat. it took 12-15 years for scientists to develop some useful properties, but now in the center in one year they managed to breed as many as three varieties. now, with the help of genetic methods, one can actually to achieve the creation of those lines of strategically important agricultural plants with certain characteristics, which, firstly, are adapted, zoned to a specific climate, have the necessary characteristics in terms of yield. the main thing is necessary. characteristics in terms of product quality now have genetic passports for microorganisms in agricultural plants and

cows survived, and all this is a domestic gene pool. for many years, seed material was imported to us from abroad. it's time to collect own genetic collection. last year, relevant changes were made to the legislation - the federal law that now the results of genetic studies obtained in the russian federation will be stored in the national database. we are currently working on a big project. not only for crops to create a recovery. that's it you herd in the russian federation region. e large livestock farm animals and focus on viticulture on the tree. in the freezers of the genomic the center has a whole herbarium. these are grape leaves collected by the expedition staff last summer, over time, the dna of each leaf will be deciphered by specialists from the laboratory of genetic technologies of viticulture and winemaking, despite the fact that the genome

of grapes is small enough. well, let's put it this way, it's six times smaller than a human, and it's not that complex. however, we see a huge variety of varieties. our laboratory was founded in order to study the gene pool , first of all, of our country of autochthonous varieties grapes. this was the number one task in the history of studying the pedigree of russian grapes. it turned out almost detective, firstly, out of 142 domestic varieties described in the scientific literature, 90 were found and genotyped . the rest are still on the wanted list, and secondly, in the course. following it turned out that, contrary to the popular opinion among historians, vines from the southern regions of our country do not have ancestors abroad, we were surprised to begin work in the twentieth year and began to discover that certain varieties do not have

kinship with a large number, and foreign western european. but they are related to each other. that's how ur is white, and sparks of crimea, he became the ancestor of the tsimlyansky black variety on the don , crossing it with a variety of plechit. this is proved at the level of the fact that we have a large database that we have uploaded and foreign there are about a thousand genotypes and complete genomes. there is nothing similar, there is no connection, and even after 3-4 generations there is still another analysis of the population. it's like some kind of people are studying us there, but there are the same people and grapes. and here we have our let's call it don popularity, which has not been described by any foreign authors , the correct grape variety is not yet a guarantee of good wine, therefore, in addition to collecting genetic information in the laboratory , they breed yeast, this fungus is an indispensable assistant to the winemaker. moreover, each

grape variety needs its own yeast; long yeast discards grape must and allows us to get the well-known drink we love from it; substances with certain shades of aromas aromas of mango or fruity or floral notes those aromatic notes that we want to breed microorganisms is a laborious process, in order to breed thoroughbred yeast , specialists need at least a year in the summer in the kuban. grapes of about 100 yeast cultures have been collected and now specialists are testing them for the strength of the work of yeast. assesses themselves in the laboratory. there is even an organoleptic tasting commission, or, more simply , the genomic center tests not only wine, but also cheese , our film crew also managed to participate in such a tasting. so

well, what we got, well, good cheese. basically, what i expected in 2014

. with huge volumes, and we are inferior in these volumes only to the usa and the european union , things are not so good with cheese starters , since they are still purchased abroad. now our main task. in general , uh, to understand how great is the variety of starter cultures that can be used for cheese production in russia. after all, we make actually two things. yes, that is, we are looking at one side. what starters. uh, what cultures of microorganisms are there in russia from which cheese can be made. well, and accordingly already look at all how high quality they are. there, the unique genomes of more than 1,500 bacteria and yeasts have already been deciphered in the center. in addition, scientists are following the dna of such popular crops as salts, sunflowers, potatoes in line,

other vegetables, as well as fruits and berries, for many years, seed material was purchased by russian farmers abroad. it's time to create effective technologies in our country, the introduction of mandatory certification of imported products that use living microorganisms, where you can have a genome and deposit it, or could be a very important step to use on the bio-genetic data being created for the country's security. thanks a lot. thank you. we know a lot to you, mikhail valentinovich, from the time of the soviet union’s implementation of a nuclear project to soviet projects, that if cursing is not taken for something, then he does it. it's solid and always will be the task that the state of biological completion is before itself or before it, therefore i feel that we will have e, and what to drink and what to eat? so i wish you

success on the nature of the unified, like ginger, we can not immediately put down hundreds of discipline five formed first. then we will make this picture, add the sixth one or 10 more at once , so that all the way forward modern science has reached such a level, when it is already possible to design nature-like materials and systems, which helps to develop fundamentally new resources and technologies, modeled after living nature. nano biotechnologies have already become, in fact, a new technological culture, where at the atomic level the boundaries between living and non-living are blurred between the organic natural world and non - organics is a matter of the near future

intelligence, however, like any technology, in addition to the undeniable good. they carry a number of risks and threats. it must be remembered that a double-edged sword is being created primarily because of the impossibility of control, in contrast to the same nuclear technologies of many genetic biological cognitive processes, therefore one of our most important tasks is to continue and further research and development in the interests of national security. then we successfully coped. all 80 years of the existence of the kurchatov institute and today, the developments of the kurchatov institute in the field of the nature of such technologies, in particular biological safety, as 80 years ago, will be

serve the country and the world. i wanted to tickle the nerves of the porokovites who do not crawl out of the khitrovsky slums. now keep your pockets cleaned in a moment. and he could

slash with a knife. the sign of the four gentlemen are ready to order the most basic game criminato and a bottle

of lafite, and i, perhaps.

accustomed to watching videos and cartoons in our news release, orthodox believers are celebrating easter, the most important christian holiday. the main service will take place in the church. christ the savior will be headed by the patriarch. moscow all rus' kirill, it will begin at about 11 pm and last for several hours, solemn nightly easter services and religious processions will be held in orthodox churches throughout