hello kirill vyshinsky, and this program is a typical novorossiya, our name says it all, we are talking about the territory that has returned to its historical roots. he novorossia with the help of a careful look at history. we will try to reveal the originality of her present day, to find in it typical features and recognizable signs of the past. and that's what we'll talk about today. the greek empire that

gave rise to novorossia, why without an imperial investment in beauty three underground princesses for the railway development and development novorossia of a vast region in southern russia in the 18th century was conceived as a platform for a large-scale imperial project , catherine ii dreamed of ousting the ottoman empire, the main enemy of russia at that time, from the balkans and reviving the greek empire , headed by an orthodox tsar from the romanov family , the greek project turned out to be a utopia, but its fruits . he brought the territory of new russia from the deserted wild. the fields have turned into a densely populated region with a developed industry and an advanced

economy for victory. over turkey needed fleet decrees of the empress was established base of the black sea fleet sevastopol built the city. nikolaev and kherson with ship merchant shipping developed through odessa and mariupol, they also appeared at the highest command. on the new lands , grain-growers were needed on the tops and in factories, workers for military protection. soldiers could cope with such a task only with the help of a special state program to attract immigrants and equip the colonists. the empire lured foreigners to novorossia with broad prospects and unprecedented benefits to the greeks, they bought housing and exempted the germans from taxes, the serb gave away land to other colonists for free, received large allotments and russian landowners, along with officials. the main condition is the settlement of the land

by peasants and its processing. for this, they even gave out sums of money by decree of catherine in novorossia, the first iron foundry in the south of the empire was built near a worker, a future village, the city of lugansk by the end of the 19th century, in less than 100 years, novorossia will become one of the most dynamically developing regions in the russian empire, the population of the region increased at an unprecedented pace in europe. odessa and ekaterina slav renamed then dnepropetrovsk became one of the largest cities in russia donbass turned into a world-class industrial region in soviet times, the pace of development of the region was a given empire. only the investigation of the large-scale industrialization of these territories became the main achievement of the first five years , of the one and a half thousand planned

plants and factories throughout the ussr , a fifth was built. here in 1950 coal production in donbass almost quadrupled and accounted for more than a third of all production in the country in the seventies on a unique version in niko aircraft carriers were built in terms of population density donbass almost did not concede to moscow after the ninety-first year in independent ukraine novorossiya began to degrade about how the natural resources of the region contributed to its development in imperial times. and why, with the collapse of the ussr, everything changed not for the better in the story of anna efimova post-war

donbass record coal production in it's hard to believe, but in just some 5 years after the end of the great patriotic war , the soviet union managed to almost completely restore coal production and reach pre-war indicators, retreating the nazis. they tried to flood all the large mines, according to the calculations of the pragmatists of the third reich , the russians should have taken at least half a century to return to normal coal mining in the donbass, they did it much faster. for several years, the experience of restoring industry after the previous civil war and the german occupation in 1918. donbass survived and now it was for the sake of what although the donbass are well studied. but this is only the top one kilometer and a half, but in fact. uh, here is the donbass with this epicenter of the so-called dnieper, the donets basin, up to 20 km of sedimentary gates in the whole world. it's about. on average, so, but in this litter they accumulated up to 20 km, which is just not there about this, apparently, only peter

the great could guess, during which huge reserves were discovered in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsolidarity and the current artyomovsky according to the ukrainian version of bakhmut. the most valuable in those days, salt. in addition, it was under the first russian emperor that a decree was issued on the prospecting of coal and ores on the don and in the voronezh province, dated to the dikapri of 1722, following the geopolitical development of the donbass, the so-called road to constantinople was started economic development later its expediency. dmitri ivanovich mendeleev himself confirmed that the donetsk basin alone is able to heat with coal, fetter with iron , cover the whole of western europe with soda. well, what is within the borders of the russian empire, and then the soviet union acted as a single mechanism at the turn of the nineties fell apart into separate pieces. at first, she did her job indistinctly.

perestroika then followed, the general devastation soon and the final rupture of economic and simply human relations, as a result of the bloody kiev maidan of 2014. it was then that the donbass found itself in an economic blockade on the territory of novorossia since the 19th century, especially as part of the industrialization of the 20th century. all centers of industry were interconnected by close cooperation. and uh this one complex that has been broken. already by the wild, er, russophobic ukrainian authorities, of course, he influenced the economy of both parts of the divided and ah unemployment, while the ukrainian authorities were telling voters about the sky in diamonds. under the flag of the european union, real treasures remained in the donbass. anthracite is the most valuable energy resource in terms of structure - this is actually almost almaz, its reserves on

the territory of russia, novorossia, are estimated in total at tens of billions of tons. these are the largest deposits on earth, which for the time being, ukraine, without a twinge of conscience, used coal in the trading donbass, while simultaneously shelling mining towns and villages after the coup d'état, even despite the hostilities, and coal supplies went according to different schemes and through poland, and how did this in ukraine come up with a unique birth scheme plus, when they managed to sell donbass coal, uh, we get to sell for 50 dollars, sell there for 170 there, roughly speaking, they lived on these 2%, but uh, they still received this coal and the ports of mariupol worked coal, real black gold, but far from being the only wealth of the donbass, huge prospects are also seen in the development of lithium deposits, the very metal without which production is indispensable today. not a single battery, whether it be a mobile phone , an electric car or a space station, it must

be said that in ukraine this is just the subject of bargaining steel, including deposits from lithium at one time. poroshenko tried to privatize them. now zelensky's team has squeezed him out. it is natural that you share with the united states, because the united states, for example, justified their stay in afghanistan by saying that there are those reserves of lithium that are necessary for the comfortable existence of america in the future, but worse, and they evaluated the reserves that are in ukraine in the donbass and decided that it is much more tasty a piece for the independence of ukraine , many enterprises, primarily from the mine , were operated on the principle of cost to the state, profit to private hands for the donbass - this practice meant slow death. well, after 2014 kyiv did started open strangulation of the donbass industry, blocking any transactions from donetsk and lugansk enterprises , the trade turnover, then turned towards russia, yes. and what to say about temporary gray schemes, now with the opening of borders within the framework of a single

state, completely new perspectives are being outlined with our products, which are able to work. and he can claim, a, for classes in the corresponding niche. well, for example, if we are talking about mining equipment that is in demand, and in many respects it was imported from other countries to the russian federation there, germany there, france poland japan china, so here, in principle, we have every chance to notice these niches to participate in the activities of our company. they only, let's say, compete, and, of course, cooperate as part of a large system. now it is still extremely difficult to talk about the rapid growth of the economy of donbass. although there are already advances in the donetsk and luhansk regions, once, giving up to a quarter of ukraine's gdp, they are actively integrating into the russian economy and in no way consumers of the russian budget. but as donor regions along with the large industrial centers of the urals and kuzbass front line. for 9 years now, it has been passing through the center

of the actual donetsk region. now there are fierce battles, but, but the donbass has already experienced this, and then somehow the phoenix bird exclaimed now, unfortunately, the industry of donbass has been updated again, but practically none of the knowledgeable specialists in the donbass doubts that the donbass will rise again donbass will recover on a new technological base. it will be restored already as part of an integral russian production. the complex and the main resource on the way to this goal is not coal, not gas, and does not lie at all. the main resource of the donbass is its people, who finally returned home in russia, and on efimov valery savelyev anastasia popova is a typical novorossiya. and then, how connected the history of the development of novorossia with the russian empire with the ussr and

why it was extremely able to develop in other conditions, we will talk with our permanent expert historian political scientist rostislavovichkostislav. good afternoon. good afternoon, vyacheslav, i will ask a little naive for historians question, could novorossiya have arisen in general. here in these historical boundaries and scales, if it were not for the grandiose imperial project of catherine the great , novorossiya, regardless of catherine, should have taken place, because the idea itself arose much earlier. than the terminal of russia arises and neither ekaterina nor her parents were born, when the russian state was already trying to break through to find territories, let me remind you that if ivan vasilyevich was completely immersed in the idea of ​​returning. uh, very cell lovers who were part of lithuanian was not yet thought of, or either the crimean khanate, then his grandson ivan vasilyevich iv the terrible, with his

elected council, after the annexation of the kazan astrakhan khanate, discussed where to direct the blow to the baltic states or crimea, and many spoke out for crimea. but it was decided that the russian state was still not enough strongly in order to fight with turkey and closed it was necessary to fight not only with the tatars, but from the turks from turkey and so on. it was turkey that began to weaken russia to strengthen and, accordingly, as it strengthened russia turned to novorossiya more and more often, because it was a fundamental moment before it. it's not just, uh, access to the sea in that it's export, but a huge amount of ukrainian wheat. so it's all mediterranean. i'm catching something. this is actually, uh, a project that the russian state has been implementing since

the campaigns. oleg the prophet yes, constantinople well, yes, i went to conclude trade agreements so that russian merchants could trade in constantinople, go through the straits and so on, the imperial economy and the imperial space and the imperial army. actually, novorossiya became a sign that russia has turned into an empire and that it can deprive its perfidious problems with this, because under peter, after all, the empire could not even return all russian lands, because the border in the background passed under a dnieper loop, and all the right-bank lands, which means that the belarusian ukrainian ones, they remained part of the commonwealth and whether accepted or not, the russian empire finally went on its back. came to the soviet union and yet the regions of novorossia, the territories that went to this historical region, continued

to develop rapidly. why did this happen? well, the thing is, including the russian empire, it didn’t leave, which means it was simply renamed the soviet union and, uh, they adopted a less efficient economic system. now of all the communist leaders, stalin was the most adequate precisely imperial and he solves absolutely the same issues that solved russian goals at the end of the 19th century. he is trying to return finland to he, as a protectorate of the soviet organizes poland why this was a fundamental question for me indicates that the soviet union had absolutely the same geopolitical tasks that were in the russian empire and now we, by the way, also see. russia was pushed back into the frontier ivan responded. now russia is trying to return to its natural borders, which it has reached some kind of syria, moreover, trying to return precisely to the european part. this is the natural border of russia and she is constantly

trying to return to them as soon as she returns to his normal imperial state. that is why novorossiya cannot be considered otherwise as an integral part of the russian empire, moreover, as one of its most important components during the time of ukrainian independence, when, as they argued, and the leaflets of ukrainian nationalists in the nineties, it was no longer necessary to feed the entire ussr nevertheless. we never saw the rapid development of the regions of russia then remaining ukrainian. why didn’t this happen, didn’t it work out or couldn’t it work out, well, in the days of the ukrainian independence has degraded industry throughout ukraine. again, it turns to be cost-effective, because it was calculated on the capacity were calculated for a huge country. in the same way, the capacity of ukrainian enterprises was designed for the needs of a huge country, and then it suddenly turned out that

it was just a small ukraine and, of course, small ukrainians when they were about to secede. they represented themselves. there, all enterprises will continue to work, and they will be something that did not go somewhere before. incomprehensible rubles will be sold right here for dollars, but it turned out that they should sell all this for dollars. you have to compete with others. who wants to sell his for dollars. and this competition is not always fair, always unfair competition. it is necessary to withstand a strong state behind you; the ukrainian state was a priori much weaker than the russian plus the local oligarchy. he simply deprived me of joining, uh, orderly ranks with these european oligarchic class, based on the fact that he will be paid for this phobia then there is a principle we will hand over next to the struggle with russia and for this they will accept us in a private society they supported them in this delusion. so, accordingly, they agreed.

e with the fact that the ukrainian economy will degrade, but in addition to this, for the new russia, there was another moment, which means, uh, the banzarovites who came to power in kiev considered perfectly, something alien to them, subject to ukraine zation. and just like the big rivers, the russian proletarian legions attached them to ukraine in order to dilute the ukrainian peasantry the advanced proletariat in exactly the same way the ukrainian nationalists. they tried this very industrial one, yes, which they consider how to marginalize the fifth column of russia in order to be able to analyze it is necessary to destroy the factories. just driven to export was trying to export us, coal, there and so on. uh, everything that more or less required more or less skilled labor was destroyed by the entire south-east of ukraine - these are large enterprises that produced e equipment. yes there

agricultural equipment military equipment and whatever technique. and that means, uh, an enterprise in which there were thousands of talking machines, and metalworkers suddenly disappeared as workers simply, because , uh, artificially they destroyed this class of artificial, it means that they retrained there as small pie merchants, which means that they either cultivated their own plus one hour and so on and gradually it means, uh, they accepted the psychology of a simple ukrainian, because if my enterprise no longer supplies anything to russia, nothing comes out of it, it seems like russia is no longer very needed. this is the second task that was solved and thus also destroyed the industry in novorossiya. thank you very much for such a detailed story.

the rapid economic changes of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, novorossiya owes to merchants, industrialists and entrepreneurs who built mines, factories and laid railways, their names remained in the names of the cities of donbass known today from military vaults, gorlovka, the regional center not far from donetsk, it is still under ukrainian fire. artillery, the city is named after pyotr nikolaevich gorlov russian engineer geologist one of the pioneers in the development of coal deposits in the donbass of the caucasus of central asia and the ussuri region, ilovaisk, the site of fierce battles near donetsk where in 2014 the ukrainian forces suffered a serious defeat, bears the name of the don noble family of the ilovais, who developed coal mining and railways on their lands . developing the industry of novorossia, these people not only accumulated large fortunes, but became patrons of the arts and

charities not only extracted coal and ore from the depths of donbass, but also changed the the appearance of these territories ivan grigorievich ilovaisky, the founder of the makeevsky mining mine and the owner of a large coal company , was known in the business circles of the russian empire as a generous patron of the arts, a tireless builder of parish schools and colleges . he built hospitals, schools and churches, industrialists, novorossiya did not forget about the art of how the rapid development of the donetsk railway at the end of the 19th century gave the world several picturesque masterpieces of viktor vasnetsov in the plot. olga mokhova in the second half of the 19th century, donbass

was gripped by a real coal fever. there were hundreds of mines here that produced an average of 40,000 tons of coal per year, each problem was the lack of reliable transport routes connecting the region with the center of the country and seaports even before the advent of the railway. it was planned hmm to deliver coal along the river, donetsk but due to the unnavigable state of the rivers, it was not possible to organize the process of delivering coal in the distance, and therefore this plan was abandoned in 1875. the government of the russian empire decided to build the donetsk stone coal railway. the competition for the concession was won by the hereditary industrialist sava mammoth. although this project was considered unprofitable in the russian business community, when mamontov started building this road, he started his own word. there was nothing there. there was a steppe so much a man of genius could imagine a great,

industrial future for this area. all objects of the new roads were built reliability with the prospect of long-term operation mammoths abandoned the cheap rails of the vyuzovka plant. the current donetsk, giving preference to better german ones, did not limit itself to railway connections with large cities. and he built a whole network of regional routes , one of the most divorced at that time in the world. that is, at the beginning, he strengthened the well-being of the economic region with separate branches, which were built one after another on the popas hatspetovka, donetsk lugansk zverevo , all these points of donbass were connected at the beginning systems. branches, the first trains traveled along the new road already in 1878, while construction work continued until 1882. the total length of the route was more than 500 km, and the donetsk stone coal railway had 15 locomotive depots at its disposal, and its

management was located in the working settlement of lugansk plant. the cradle of metallurgy in the south of russia was built e, the building of the railway station of the second class. the land on which the construction was planned was bought by the city for little money for only 260 rubles. station building in luhansk built. capital at least 100 years old railway workshops were built at the same time. and the first school in the donbass for the training of drivers and train conductors is all on the initiative. savva mamontov the voice of the people must be taught to the beautiful at the stations in the temples on the streets, following this conviction. sava mamontov ordered the artist viktor vasnetsov three paintings for the board of the railway he built for one of them three princesses of the underworld. vasnetsov slightly changed the plot of the famous russian fairy tale and in the picture appeared instead of the princess of the silver kingdom in a black dress, the youngest coal

princess. she became the personification of the main wealth of the donbass. in general , all three canvases are filled with great symbolic meaning . what the railway transport of the donetsk steppe might have looked like at that time, the wallpaper of the slavs with the scythians sent the viewer to the distant heroic past of these lands in the works. vasnetsov is the only the image of the battle has a horizontal. almost three meters. this is one of the first paintings that defined a whole series of epic heroic works. viktor vasnetsov , of course, one should not look for historical truth in the picture; this is a collective image , one can say a heroic poem about the endless battles of russian knights heroes for

the causal sea steppe. and the members of the board of the donetsk road, however, considered the paintings to be too pretentious in the artistic sense and refused to buy the earth. now they decorate the best museums in russia and abroad, and the princesses vasnetsov even repeated to order, as for the lugansk plant and the railway station, although they were left without masterpieces of painting, they gained considerable benefits, an industrial turnover of 25 million poods of cargo per year, now more than 400,000 tons. local industrial enterprises were able to sell their products far beyond the regions, these factors influenced the development of industry and an increase in the urban population, which in turn influenced lugansk to receive the status of a county town. glory to mammoths he was satisfied with the creation, he believed that the road was built beautifully and for centuries. he also initiated the construction of a seaport in mariupol and already in 1889. the first 11,000

pounds of donba. sskogo coal, delivered by rail, was loaded onto the steamer medveditsa, which headed for the kerch strait olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev is a typical novorossiya. that's all we wanted to talk about. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. see you soon. fire at raspadskaya coal mine in kuzbass more than 270 workers worked there. half of them were miners already evacuated no casualties left to the place six teams left, ionized mountain rescue unit the epicenter of the fire was located at a depth of several hundred meters , let me remind you, raspadskaya, the largest coal mine in russia in 2010 there