hello, are you in the international review film in the fyodor lukyanov studio today in the international review program? events of the chronicle week facts comments grain deal is out of fashion europe no longer wants ukrainian products the agreement has lost its relevance. abandoned

nuclear energy is not the best time for the country. in this concrete cube , the atomic heart of the reactor is pouring. here, atomic energy is converted by heat, the sun by the human hand. documentary film of the seventies about the construction of a nuclear ludmin power plant in the district of greifswald was the largest of the two nuclear power plants in socialist east germany, five power units with a total capacity of 2.200. mw closed in the summer of 90, even before the formal unification of germany , soviet technology was considered not to meet west german standards, and this week ended.

the history of the entire nuclear industry in germany , the last three operating nuclear power plants from r2 and young were disconnected from the network. in 1954, before joining nato, germany signed the paris agreements, which eased the restrictions on its military-industrial complex following the results of world war ii, the german government pledged not to produce nuclear weapons and use the atom, exclusively for peaceful purposes. already in the mid-fifties shine. munich in harfing, the experimental nuclear reactor was launched, and in the sixty-first, the first nuclear power plant was put into operation by today's standards , its technical characteristics are considered quite modest in the early seventies, against the backdrop of the energy crisis and the arab oil embard, the nuclear industry

in the country received rapid development, and along with it gained momentum and the anti-nuclear movement under pressure from the public, then the construction of at least three nuclear power plants stopped. and another one had to be decommissioned in a year. after the launch in the seventy-fourth queue in the country, or the federal office for the environment, and 4 years later , the blue angel eco-label appeared on the market, which made it possible to recognize environmentally friendly products. along with this , the green party was strengthening in the country. the eighties got into the bundesstat. under their influence in 2000 germany passed the renewable energy act. at the same time, the government and the owner of the nuclear power plant concluded a nuclear consensus, according to which, in the next 20 years, all operating nuclear power plants in the country were to be closed, and new ones

were no longer built . turned off immediately, and after another 4 years they closed one of the most effective. dancing in germany grafon ryanfeld, last year against the background of rising energy prices, the decommissioning of nuclear units slowed down , according to the sociological institute of the south , almost 2/3 of germans opposed their closure. and most of the respondents. in favor of extending the service life for an indefinite period, a letter with a similar demand was sent to german chancellor olafusholz by 20 german scientists at the center of german specialists to dismantle only one stopped station due to r2, it will take at least 15 years and at least billions of euros. the political decision is logical

the social atmosphere in germany is dictated by the green party, and it carried the banner of jihad against nuclear energy almost through its entire more than forty-year history. and now the enemy is defeated economically , the transition to renewable sources is enough. the process itself, which is doubly difficult in the conditions of the refusal of russian energy carriers. now also the peaceful atom, the germans are not looking for easy ways, and we will talk with valentine about the prospects of the industry in germany throughout europe. he has long been involved in the problems of nuclear energy. valentin hello what does germany’s refusal from nuclear power plants mean in general from the point of view of the industry in a broader sense in europe, because as i understand it, not all countries share this revolutionary approach and, uh, this is approximately for

others, or vice versa, an anti-example. there was such an image of a green lawn, on which bunnies jump, namely the country of green lawns. but which was in general. well, at first as a kind of ideology arose, yes, and then e was perceived as an excellent method. e new sales. eh what does that mean? that is, well, when the demand of an ordinary consumer rested on quantitative yes, well, it’s impossible to buy a fourth car there. she is not needed. it is impossible to build a house of 6.000 m² there. well , this, as it were, is really not very good for nature. if everyone does this, then the idea was accepted that it is possible to sell the green world. it's like a big big cost of money to consumers. yes, now it's just for electricity, and

here's a big demand for the e industry. e. and here are the germans, but, as it were, they did not just believe, they did it the basics. e its energy policy is somewhere in order. it's the beginning of the 2000s. it was accepted in 2006. uh, a package of energovend laws. uh, it's an atomic twist. this is a green turn. yes, that is, uh hmm, it means that there, among other things , the rejection of nuclear energy by 2035 was declared. after the accident at fukushima, this period was reduced to 2022. here and now, uh, just a few days ago, and the last nuclear power plant in germany was closed. it turns out that here, uh, chernobyl which greatly influenced the consciousness in europe and then focus. it's more of a reason. yes, these are not the reasons that you say so, but i

think they were. eh, some incentives, right? uh, who spurred on this course of history, large concerns receive profits from the production of atomic electricity, yes, and in the event of an accident , it will be a simple burger, not concerns, because, naturally, the scale of the accident will immediately be shifted its liquidation. this accident will be passed on to the state. as it is generally speaking, the same applies to any large industry. well, yes, well, uh, here it is also, as it were, such an idea, which uh, in general, hovers. e in the air in germany , apparently, she was good. uh, connected somewhere with the idea that nuclear power is evil. here, and hmm, plus the idea was added that

nuclear fuel is spent nuclei. noah fuel buries anywhere, but not with me, well, in the backyard. yes, and it works. as a result, that's all, well, it led to the fact that 30-40% of the population there is actively against nuclear energy. clearly they came and drew came and got results. and now what, they get it, they will make this energy transition, but here is the most unfavorable situation, in principle, the country is now covering its needs, and even if it is partially imported from the same france where everything is in order with the nuclear power plant. they provide more than two-thirds of the energy there, but it should be noted that these blocks were closed gradually and some kind of replacement gradually arose , the most interesting thing is often. these were coal

blocks, that is, but, of course, uh, reality is at odds with, uh, its own slogans, but energy dicormonization. well, simply, because it is impossible to fulfill so many goals at the same time. and for any money it's just a technical question. uh, there are other stories in there, like, uh, in frames. here, green energy in germany had to be laid. uh, the so-called ziklink. uh, this is a huge power line from north to south from the north sea to bavaria. hmm and the locals, so uh , the communes were protesting against having huge iron structures standing on their green lawn. as a result, it was necessary, but to lay this is an underground cable, that is, underground electric power cables are being built across the country, and now they are building it. it is quite logical that in this situation that you described, and now germany is one of the oncoming sanctions against

dew there, that is, to include sanctions against russia in the next eu package, firstly, as far as you think, it is promising. secondly, what will it mean for us that part. which rosatom is connected with western countries, and before the united states , by the way, not with europe but this is the supply of enriched uranium or enrichment services someone else's damage. here at the wounds. by the way, mostly not our own, but because in russia, uh, less uranium is mined than consumed, that is, we, uh, let's say, uh from other countries - this is a raw uranium appendage of us. here we are just doing the upper redistribution. the soviet union began to enter the european market in the seventy-first year. after the textsnab export company signed a contract with the french

commissariat for atomic energy for the supply of uranium enrichment services in the nineties , russian nuclear enterprises began to actively to cooperate with a company from western european countries in the construction and operation of nuclear power plants of a geologist for exploration and radioactive waste management, as a result, by the middle of the 2000s, russia became the largest supplier of enriched uranium to european countries and today it is second only to kazakhstan in terms of exports to the eu, the world nuclear industry depends on russia for 14% in terms of wound by 27 in terms of conversion and almost 40% in terms of enrichment for tops moreover, about a quarter of the fuel for american nuclear power plants comes from russia rosatom along with kansk vesting, chaos and the french fragmatome is one of the top three in the supply of nuclear fuel to the world market. in addition

, there are 18 nuclear power plants in the european union, which are designed according to russian or soviet technologies. and according to experts, they cannot safely operate on fuel of a different origin, we are talking about nuclear power units of the czech republic hungary finland bulgaria romania and slovakia, the latter, according to the slovak minister of energy, is 100% dependent on supplies and nuclear fuel from russia. american fuel from westing. house were undertaken repeatedly, in particular, so ukraine went the way after 2014. but during this time on imported assembly. it was possible to transfer less than half of the blocks, earlier the same experiment was carried out by czech power engineers, but suffered. the fiasco american assemblies were deformed from high temperatures as a result of which they were replaced with russian twells externally. they are similar to

american ones, but still differ in mass and size, according to bloomberg, today russia directly depends on the operation of european nuclear power plants that supply energy for 100 million people and it may take several years to find a replacement. in fact, this story is about breaking off cooperation with rusatom, and it began in the twentieth year , even maybe even earlier. well, that is , there were ideas before, but here are some concrete first legislative decisions in the united states that are more dependent on the supply of enrichment services. ah, they appeared here in the twentieth year. there is such an agreement between russia and the united states and russia as well. it was accepted there. e step by step. uh, well, legislative import ban. uh, services, enrichment or

enriched uranium from russia and here uh, on the contrary, actually american consumers. uh, specifically the owner of as is a private company in the usa, and they suffer, that is, for them, of course, it is more profitable to enrich, and uranium in russia because it is the cheapest service in the world, but well, how would the republican legislators push through such gradually abandoning the transition to european enrichment facilities. well, uh, about the rest of the world, outside the rest of the west, now , one of these days, it should literally stand launch ceremony. well, in turkey , yes. yeah, it's clear that erdogan is in a hurry for the elections, but nonetheless. uh, as far as the boycott from the west, uh, hinders the development of cooperation with others. so the secondary

sanctions will probably also apply to other countries, or like. hmm . i think it will be, uh, minimal impact, because uh, rusat has atom. uh, there are many schemes for building nuclear power plants for export. uh, so it could be , uh, intergovernmental agreement. intergovernmental, and when actually e customers from the other side favors the state, respectively sanctions. well, i don’t think that even around such a large facility, and hmm, even the united states in its impulses sometimes, so to speak, going far beyond the borders, but will, for example, break off some kind of relationship with egypt well or turkey but there are other schemes, that is, let's say station q in turkey owns rosatom

. hmm. that is, it builds a turkish one for some customer. yes, he builds himself. yes, and there is an agreement that he says to sell electricity, at a good price there is a certain period of time in order to buy a station there after construction. thank you very much, we talked with valentin fucked. nothing here reminds of the usual thermal power plants. this is the coal of a nuclear power plant, a cassette with enriched uranium , its energy value corresponds to six thousand wagons of coal, a uranium rod, which is enough for a year of operation, can be transferred in an airplane instead of 150,000 wagons of coal. and this is about 20,000 trains . let it work better there were times when nuclear energy in the same germany was considered the most environmentally friendly and this has passed. 18

may is the deadline that russia has set as a deadline. according to turkey's version of ukraine, the so-called grain deal was shed a month ago for 120 days. however , russia announced 60 more moscow may terminate the agreements if russian demands for the removal of barriers to the export of domestic agricultural products and fertilizers are not satisfied. on july 22, 2022, in istanbul ukraine, russia and turkey signed a dream agreement on the export of grain and products from ukrainian ports in order to prevent the supply of weapons in istanbul was created

the international ship inspection center became another document, a memorandum, and it should not interfere with mutual understanding between russia and the un secretariat, nor for western countries to buy russian fertilizers and products, the agreement was valid for 120 days and was automatically extended for the same period if there were no objections in november 2022 year it was extended for another six months, but even then there were difficulties, for example, in october, russia suspended its participation in the deal after the attack of ukrainian naval drones on sevastopol, moscow said, that a grain corridor was used for this, and they themselves were launched from a grain carrier ship. in addition, the deal was initially considered as a program for the supply of products to the poorest countries in the world to ensure global food security, but as a result, products were received not by those who were most in it needed the leader of imports was china in second place,

followed by spain, turkey, and the fourth and fifth places are occupied by prosperous italy and the netherlands bangladesh with a population of 170 million people, and the grain deal received less than ten millionth israel and germany imported grain more than kenya, in needy country by its year sugar got only 3% of all deliveries, on the other hand , the export of ukrainian grain created problems for farmers in poland romania bulgaria hungary the czech republic and slovakia grain village in local markets and caused sharp decline. against the backdrop of a rise in the price of fuel and fertilizers, this hit local producers. finally, an important part of the agreement was the sale of russian fertilizers that were in european ports and the supply of russian ammonia through ukraine for 8 months, the shipment did not start and nothing in these matters has changed as a result in march. the russian side

extended the deal for only 60 days; this period expires in may this year. to dissect our time, trying to understand what it was about the grain deal, they will write me one dissertation. difficult. to find a more illustrative example of confusion, politics and diplomacy, the interweaving of omissions, hidden and not very good intentions of hypocrisy and ingenuity, if you look at its content, then this approval of the three key states of the black sea. well, the region yes, but russia , ukraine and turkey that the merchant ships that sail from ukrainian ports. ah, first of all, they won't be exposed. and

there they will be military, well, what is called safe sailing in the ukrainian territorial year? uh from the sport of odessa and the international territorial year in the black sea and enter and pass the straits. yes, there, well , it’s specifically said about this, then, there is the turkish strait and those ships that go to odessa or from odessa along this one agreements. they pass this inspection in turkey, and russia also participates in the inspections. so basically, well, it's a deal, if you call it that. eh, yes, and this is this is an initiative. it's actually called the un. this is an initiative to ensure the peaceful passage of merchant ships in accordance with the requirements of the norms of international law, the obligations of the sea under the law of the sea, which, well, in principle, russia has never abandoned them. if you look in this

context, the main benefit is the recipient of turkey ankara is now the main orbiter and manager of the black sea grain trade and, of course, not at a loss. but what about the wringing of hands over the latest famine over the world, pure demagoguery, not quite the so-called grain deal, or this set of these declarations that will be recorded and the creation of this inspection. according to the courts, she, uh, solved some problems. well, related to hunger there, especially in africa in the developing world why because the market as a whole has been saturated? yes, it is very important here that we often encounter perfume criticism. uh, well, our president said about this that ukrainian grain went to the wrong place, they say, not not to africa, but there to europe or asia or somewhere else, in fact, this is not very important, because, well, how do i i already said it's a product. eh, these chest of drawers is interchangeable , it defines what is called generic

features and filling in one place. it leads to fulfillment elsewhere too, because the communicating vessels, roughly speaking, uh, the ukrainian grain went to europe and there the european grain to africa ended up with prices prices have fallen, which we generally observe, that is, a peak. uh, these alarmist moods in the market are a kind of hysteria that there will be prices now . well, there e cycle e sharp rises it. well, he was asleep. judging by open information, the name of the deal is deceptive russia ukraine did not directly agree on anything russia's guarantee for fertilizers and the removal of banking and financial restrictions in the industry , no one gave the maximum. they promised help. well, of course, if there were no secret protocols unknown to us. in general and

in general it cannot be said that the secretariat of the integrated information organization is not doing its part. ah. well, you even heard the secretary general recently , he personally asked there . but it is clear that it was not the un secretariat that imposed these sanctions, regarding settlements and so on, but not the secretariat. the un is there, uh, somehow blocking russian agricultural exports, if that is, all these problems, with faced by russian agricultural exports, they do not stem from the activities of the un secretariat helps the secretariat, and he, well, we see and hear that he is trying. at least e does. everything is possible, everything that can be done or something is left unfinished. it's like we hmm can't say for sure, but obviously, at least. and that part of my kind of, well, active advocacy position. uh, in order for russian agricultural exports to be on the market. he. well,

the secretary does. yes, personally, in general, the effectiveness of international institutions in once again a big question, as well as the ability of the leading players themselves to agree on something. now russia has an informal tool for influencing the process of participation in ship inspections. and this can be done, let's say, more or less zealously, thereby regulating the flow, moscow threatens to withdraw from the agreement, what does it mean in practice, the statement that we no longer guarantee safety will cause a commotion among shipowners and insurers who want to take over risks, image costs, including in the eyes of non-western countries, consumers will fall on russia and how much the market shudders, a high harvest led to a fall in prices, in addition, prices fell in the whole world.

and the reason for the fall in the world is a little more complicated, that is, there was no such situation that there was some kind of unprecedented historical harvest in the world, but you showed up there, the supply chains fell last year’s agitation, when everyone was afraid that russian and ukrainian grain would leave from the market. uh, and the prices, well, have normalized, roughly speaking, the value of gas. yes there was a hype there was a panic, then everything returned a little back to normal stocks, very large carry-over balances in the world in terms of grain are quite high. and uh, so, well, prices logically quite logically, and fell. and when they began to fall, well, people began to panic and drop prices yes - this spurred the price decline even more, because, well, the excess of supply over supply is demand, but in general, a purely market dynamic. to purely market history. uh, komudite product is easily

interchangeable, yes, what is called determined by generic characteristics, so people take, and grain from different yes countries, uh, and to a large extent and well, the availability of this it is determined by karelogistics, not the amount of it produced. i wanted to tickle the nerves of porokov’s, they don’t crawl out of khitrov’s cowards to fuck.

the sign of the four gentlemen are ready to order the most basic game criminato and a bottle of lafitte, and i, perhaps, sour cabbage soup. hmm, soon. we look to know.

native cereals created a remarkable collision in europe they were mentioned above countries. ukraine's neighbors almost simultaneously introduced an embargo on the import and even transit of ukrainian grain ukraine had a relatively small quota.