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this kremlin tower is called the alarm bell, which used to be hung on it during fires and riots. the last time the alarm bell on this tower was rung was in 1771, when a terrible plague came to the capital, from which almost 100,000 people died in moscow, caused a bloody mutiny the plague riot cruelly, suppressing it, catherine ii ordered to punish also the bell, which was called the assistant now , the kremlin armory, in eternal storage, the rebel did not find the person who actually rang the bell, and then they ordered to punish. why a bell? it also actually

turned out to be a riot, 15 people were killed, including the sovereign clerk mikhail yakutyugovsky, that is, this is an attempt on state power. it will be and semi-colon was punished, he was beaten in front of the media and exiled to siberia in tobolsk as a primitive inanimate, as it was written, so the analogies to such a punishment, they really were an epidemic came to moscow at the end of 1770 by an amazing coincidence. that year , the chimes on the spasskaya tower, after a long repair, the swiss watchmaker connor fuzzy, tuned to beat the melody of an austrian song. oh my dear august, which was composed in the seventeenth century during the plague.

there were such words that it was not a day, it was a holiday, and now there is one plague of a mountain of corpses. this is a plague, lie down in the grave in august, everything is gone. a terrible prophecy sounded from the kremlin tower the whole next year, while the plague raged, it was remembered both by the terrible sea and the fact that for the first time the russian authorities began to apply comprehensive measures against the epidemic, and the people responded to this with a traditional russian revolt, senseless and merciless.

they still argue about how the plague got to moscow , either it itself arose from unsanitary conditions, or the infection was brought by the soldiers who returned from the turkish war, and perhaps the disease was brought along with foreign goods, most likely, she came to us in the northern black sea region from the fields of the russian-turkish war, most likely, she came. it is just the same, on turkish wool , and it is not by chance that in moscow the first, who felt it on themselves, were manufactories, a handicraft shop, it was there that these cases first started. uh, diseases and very, very fast deaths. trade is always going on. yes, the plague, they always come. here it turns out that most cases of a major infection

came when a huge military contingent was being redeployed. i mean plague will hand stump side by side with war and destroy the empire at the most crucial and most difficult moment for its existence. on the vvedensky mountains of lefortovo, in a small hospital headed by dr. athanasius shafonsky, an officer who participated in the russian-turkish war is the first to die, then 14 more people, and in december 1770, athanasius shafonsky diagnoses the first case of the plague and reports about it, but, but to him not immediately believed the leader, who was in charge of all moscow hospitals. i was able to convince the governor general

moscow, count pyotr saltykov, that this is not a plague at all, but black spots on the bodies that died just bedsores, and he refused to diagnose this disease, for which he just reproached that the reason was in unsanitary conditions, which was true, but it was a stone in the chafon garden. more and more doctors demanded to declare a quarantine, but the governor reported to catherine that it would not be possible to close moscow in such a great city. so many people eat imported food. by that time, the plague was already raging on the moscow cloth in the manufactory from january to march 1771 , 130 people died at the factory, the owners of the cloth yard tried to hide it and secretly. plague corpses were buried at night. directly under the fence , catherine orders to put up outposts at the entrance to the city to fumigate all visitors with smoke , send them to quarantine, and keep letters over the fire of may,

the state council, before sending them. ah, the empress reports. what? well, it's not like the plague. and why these complex events? there was another problem here. this is accounting, and the quantity sick. ah, dark people. i was very afraid of the plague, i was afraid of doctors in the hospital, so uh, hmm it was impossible to read the exact number of victims, that is, the case of harboring the sick, and they themselves were freely buried, for example, the dead, and therefore they report to the empress that, well, in moscow it’s kind of like few people die from this uh, some kind of fever. called in june 1771, moscow officials remove all restrictive measures, remove cardboard and dissolve quarantine barracks, and the result was not long in coming in july 400,500 deaths a day. and it was at this time that they first appeared and they had to walk around and clean up the corpses. convicts who were sentenced to either the death penalty or long terms

of imprisonment tight cap, he even looked like the ku klux klan such a priori and a long long mountain. and gloves impregnated with resin. one kind of mortus evoked apocalyptic horror in black, tarred overalls. they dragged the dead out of their houses with long iron hooks, not allowing their relatives to say goodbye to them. to the orthodox rite of convicts sentenced to death, but they called payments and it was they who were used to pull out corpses from those houses where there was no one left alive, by the way, they were accused of sometimes dragging them out still alive. well, boris was also joined by dead corpses. they were taken outside the city, where they were buried in common graves. this is how danilovskaya vagankovsky named a narrow cemetery appeared. in the autumn in moscow, 1,000 people die every day over

the city there is a funeral ringing, it was believed that the bells purify and heal the air they drive pestilence on the winds, that is, epidemics, and indeed, when there were epidemics, uh, as a rule, bells rang continuously in all churches, and then there were the chimes on the spasskaya tower. every hour they beat out a terrible melody about the viennese drunkard augusten, who fell into a common grave with plague corpses and slept there all night. under this terrible chime , carts with ulcer-eaten bodies drag along the streets in an endless stream, bonfires burn at every corner. from juniper manure it was believed that it disinfects the air saturated boron branches. in this hefty book. description of a pestilence, which was published by dr. shaponsky 250 years ago. there are many different recipes here.

how to treat the plague here, and ordinary vinegar and kvass, and even sour cabbage soup, plague buboes were recommended to wrap a cake of flour or baked onions garlic helps a lot, when crushed and applied to a sore spot, one could laugh at the medical views of the eighteenth century if in the xxi century , at the very beginning of the epidemic, quid, the people did not buy up all the stocks of ginger root in supermarkets. and the plague has been known since biblical times in the old. testament - this is god's punishment in the form of painful growths that falls on the philistines in the 6th century ad, the so-called justinian plague came from egypt to europe and, according to modern estimates, claimed more than 100 million lives. it was the first pandemic in world history, even then people assumed that the disease was transmitted through the air and from person to person, and the first protection against this scourge could be quarantine from the italian numeral 40. the italian

word coranta and it was in italy e in the xiv century, by the way, this is connected with the plague, the ships coming from the countries for the free from the plague were kept on the high seas, they were not allowed to enter venice for 40 days, but we know that this is an excessive measure . followed by war, famine, and death itself, on a white horse , violently breaks into cities and devastates entire countries. terrible torments will fall before him , and slaves and kings will self-describe all are equal before black death, and if you look at the picture vasnetsova warriors of the apocalypse there, that a plague on one horse for a war of hunger and death, so

the plague is depicted there with a crown. and now they say this, this, by the way, the fifth warrior of the apocalypse how the plague is transmitted in russia , they knew that isolation was needed back in the 17th century, under alexei mikhailovich, the queen and heir were sent to quarantine, first in trinity sergius near the lavra, and then she went to the kalyazinsky monastery all the way with bonfires and burning coals, unlike european cities. eh, anyway. uh, sonority population population density is not so high and another important point. this is, of course, a climate in cold conditions. you understand all these carriers. they freeze very quickly. and, by the way, freezing was one of the most common methods of fighting. here and vice versa. it had to be lit on fire. uh, destroy property, uh, that has been contaminated. in the same

quarantine charter, it was stated that the goods were coming from abroad. he must be looked at. it must be laid out in the cold, it is there for 2 weeks. well, for different goods were different terms should be frozen. from the catastrophic plague epidemics that devastated europe in the middle ages, russia was saved for the time being by the harsh climate. a simple custom is to go to the bathhouse and heat it black at + 55 °, these are the clouds and bacteria that cause the plague. the so -called evsine, they perish. and if it went to the bath. at the same time, you will wash yourself , so one of these are the key factors that in russia there was little plague epidemic or borovaya yazana, the so-called, this is just hmm, keep a commitment to visiting the bathhouse

the body is clean in the noisy summer of 71, everything was closed. for a russian person to close the bath. this is a big problem, in principle connected with his way of life, because ours was visited three times a week while the europeans. in the beautiful vorochny xviii century, what were called ladies washed under the neckline. that's what you can see, then we washed, and hygiene and cleanliness for ours, it is primordially innate , has always been the omega of their existence. and here i can’t walk in the bath. but what should i do? well, then it turns out dirt, unsanitary conditions and an additional way to the spread of infection, when count orlov arrives from st. petersburg at the behest of catherine, he will not only open all the first-place baths, but

also build new, by the way, liquor stores. they were open, but uh selling alcohol. it was made through two double doors. special doors on one side, then a gap, and on the other side a bottle was placed a cup with uh, leavened thick or vinegar money was dropped there and only then the person took it away. the sale of alcohol also did not benefit in moscow, robberies began, looting is tearing up the graves of those who died from the plague, and stripping their clothes for sale. that is, there was also a shortage of clothes; people gave clothes from the sick. they fell ill again in moscow, they decided to burn all the clothes of the sick, and the murtuses, who did not stand on ceremony, did this, which remained from the dead, and then they began to burn entire houses. people found themselves on the street

with nothing and without food, there was a rumor that the mother of god was angry at the muscovites , since for 30 years they had not prayed to the bogolyubsky icon installed on the barbarian gates in china city. he took pity and sent cognac for a place to drink, bow to the mother of god, they will let the punishment of the lord lead from us, then mur , we retreat to the barbarian gates , the pilgrimage began with processions of the cross, they put up stairs and climbed in turn to kiss the icon of the moscow archbishopric. trying to stop it, and he banned the religious procession prayer, and the money that was collected, sealed. well, this, of course, was perceived by ordinary people. yes, like something impossible yes, what is such a punishment, we need

to pray to god, we are forbidden and, accordingly a riot began. e hmm what a crowd of angry people. eh, there they incited them, uh, by talking about the fact that they were robbing the mother of god there in russia. this money for himself. his action looks conscious so that people would not gather and kiss the icon. you understand what it led to. actually, yes to further distribution. uh, the disease was dying - that's more than a thousand people a day. this is a huge death, science will say you can’t hold church services, hold religious processions, venerate a miraculous icon, because you transmit the infection, and your religiosity will say that this is my last chance. especially if i do not belong to high society, if i am a commoner and i

have nothing more than this icon at the gate. i have, in addition to faith and hope in the intercession of god or the mother of god, let's say. here is what will precede the miraculous will be seven from the first year. by that time, the archbishop was already in conflict with the clergy. he forbade organizing auctions for places in the parish in his instructions, and in russia he advised priests to take communion, dying from the plague only through window. what caused bewilderment to clean without touching the sick person himself without a funeral service, take the sick to the cemetery and bury them outside of moscow, and then perform the funeral service in absentia. in addition, he ordered that juniper twigs be wrapped around the places of accumulation of patients at the danilovsky ugreshsky and strong monastery , special quarantine points were made and it was there that the sick of the moscow

archbishop profile were taken, he even spoke. eh, well, as a matter of fact. as the author of the first epidemiology textbook, or the first manual or manual, he gave e, a written description of how to behave as clergy. how to behave when sick, how to behave with the dead, that is, in fact. these are the beginnings of epidemiological measures, warnings sounded the alarm and the crowd rushed to look for ambros, defeated the chudov monastery and the rest of the archbishops, but the clergyman had already managed to leave for the donskoy monastery. rebels. they rushed there, broke down the gate, and broke in with them, appearing in simple monastic clothes, climbed onto the choirs in a large cathedral. here is a large cathedral of the donskoy monastery guards were inside the crowd burst into the temple, burst into the altar

, identified the waters. and you saw on the harpeikers dragged down and dragged out. when he was killed not far from the holy gates, he was simply torn to pieces. a memorial cross was erected on the site in the soviet years, it was broken, but the believer transferred the wreckage to the moscow avrosius cathedral, his body was installed tombstone on top there was a stand on which the metro lay, this very valuable part of the tombstone was lost. the people

broke open the monastery cellar, where barrels of wine were stored, emptied them and came to a single in the opinion that the plague was specially brought to moscow in order to destroy the orthodox people, they began to smash the monastic quarantines and knock down doctors. by some miracle , danila samoilovich, the head of the plague hospitals, escaped death when the distraught crowd began to beat him, he named himself under the doctor and they spared him. it was a man unique for his time, voluntarily remaining contagious in moscow to save the sick samoylovich tried to take. this is purulent poison. uh. i'm here from the secretions of buboes and based on them to build a vaccine to drive them with a weakened poison imagine, he, uh, invented the microscope there

, tried to find the pathogen and started trying to vaccinate against the plague. trial. it is best to spend yourself falling ill with the plague, but endure it in a mild form . it was not possible to convince someone else of the correctness of the method. and then to look at the laptop, the chief commander of moscow fled, as you know, the elite fled the elite all left and the city was in general. how did the rebels 2-3 days? boon was suppressed by general pyotr ebkin, having despaired of understanding the crowd and having received a couple of cobblestones from the rebels. he resorted extreme measures. the general, yeropkin, placed cannons in front of the kremlin gates, ordered to shoot with blank charges, but this only once inflamed the crowd, the rioters saw that there were no dead among them and the mother of god herself screamed at us and rushed to the assault. then they had already begun to shoot with buckshot and red square turned red with blood.

by this time, count orlov arrived in moscow with bags of money and, in addition to labor, began to use very weighty gingerbread. money has become to distribute to those who helped care for the sick and who were sent to quarantine houses, for each day of your stay you receive from 10 to 15 kopecks. i'll tell you now the price of the price to start a kilogram of beef, in those days it cost 7 kopecks. flour, cost 20-25 kopecks. that is, a person stayed there, not only could he feed himself, he could also return some of the money to his family, but that's not all after you served quarantine, there are from two to eight weeks. now the quarantine has left, you are given from 10 to 15 rubles. average salary

official in moscow was 12 rubles. that is, people were left with money. orlov also ordered to buy new clothes for people in quarantine to merchants who suffered losses from pogroms and stop trading. he appointed compensation payments . the number of quarantines and infectious tanks increases. from one key frequency, that is, such a general cleaning. he divided the whole of moscow if i'm not mistaken into 27 sections, and in each at the site, he assigned his teams to quarantine teams, and the teams that cleaned up, which were removed. uh, by the way, moscow was cleaned up, and even to the point that homeless animals were killed, because the kremlin chimes were also hotbeds, playing

reconfigurations about dear augustine. or but the alarm bell fell silent forever, the empress ordered count orlov to cut off his tongue, but it’s more like cutting the tongue is a punishment for a criminal person. and here there is such a certain analogy to this, in fact, the language fastened to a metal earring, which, when cast, is a bell. yes, e is attached here in its upper part and the tongue is attached to it . the systemic fastenings of the tongue are different . i can’t say which one was here. well, that is, count orlov, this saber tongue could not be cut, it is unlikely inside the saber bell to swing, very convenient and uh, of course, there sometimes i could and could be with metal fasteners, so, of course, cutting the tongue of the ecologist is a kind of figure of speech deprived of the tongue . by the end of autumn, the plague left the capital, and the main result epidemic was the decree of catherine on the construction of the first moscow water pipeline from mytishchi , the rostokinsky kveduk, so that people would no longer

drink from the yauza and neglinka, which became the beginning of the plague riot as sewer canals. all the glory went to the favorite of the empress in honor of grigory orlov, on the orders of catherine ii , a triumphal arch was built in tsarskoye selo. unheard of in those days, for delivering moscow from misfortune, he established order and obedience to the orphan, delivered food and healing to the poor, and pierced the ferocity of the ulcer with his good institutions. these health problems can become.