tokinsk queduk, so that people no longer drink from the yauza and neglinka, which became sewer channels at the beginning of the plague riot. all the glory went to the favorite of the empress in honor of grigory orlov, on the orders of catherine ii , a triumphal arch was built in tsarskoye selo. unheard of in those days, for delivering moscow from misfortune, he established order and obedience to the orphan, delivered food and healing to the poor, and squatted down with his good institutions for the ferocity of the ulcer. these health problems can become bad

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the website and in the application. catherine was terribly afraid of the world epidemic, in addition to the plague, smallpox constantly mowed down the population of the russian empire. and this, of course, sometimes directly influenced the course of political history itself, if we recall the events of january 1730, when the emperor died, uh, the fourteen-year-old emperor peter ii, the grandson of peter the great, died, the last representative of the male representative of the dynasty, the romanovs secondly, this is right there lead to dynastic crisis and all subsequent history connected with conditions and with all other things in the second half of the 18th century.

in england, they begin to actively inoculate a black from purulent dad on the body of a patient, they took an already dying virus for transplantation of a healthy person. it wasn't a vaccination, it was a variation. they took a needle and this game was placed in a vial, in which the vial of the patient yes , who had the causative agent of this smallpox, and applied scarification. well, that is, they did a scratch on the skin. variation is latin the name of smallpox variola was known, even in the ottoman empire , from there the method came to england. catherine found out about this , count panin was entrusted with a secret mission to find the most effective doctor, the choice fell on thomas 1c dale and he was persuaded to come to the russian empress. first, she was offered to vaccinate her son. she said, it would be a shameful weakness. uh, hmm don't start

yourself. and as you remember, when this epidemic began in the spring, ah, catherine first moved from one palace to another, she fled, she was afraid, because she had personal experience peter ii died. lord peter iii, it is not a laboratory in the future. her favorite countess and sheremetyeva died on the eve of the wedding. that is, death was everywhere, and as she writes, then to friedrich, and the situation surrendered so vile that she came down great weakness would not come out of it used an ordinary thread on her back material for catherine was taken from a sick six-year-old sasha mar the sleeping child was wrapped in a blanket and at night through a secret passage they brought to the royal chambers of the winter palace in my hands a needle or a lancet for smallpox vaccination. we can assume that a variation of ekaterina was made either with a scalpel or with an instrument, perhaps

similar to the one i have in my hands. in any case, at that time, the type and purpose of the instruments changed extremely slowly. now, if we talk about ekaterina, but hmm, lorealation was carried out in this way an incision on the skin, through which the impregnated thread was pulled. here, thus pus and ripened empty. they took markov, soaked the thread in the cut material and dragged this thread through the cut. after the transfer a terrible virus from hand to hand, the next morning catherine left here for tsarskoe selo to expect how it would all end, but there was fear. why, in those days , two out of 100 people died from smallpox vaccination thomas dimsdale did not leave catherine a single step of her condition. he described in detail in a treatise the current method of inoculating smallpox on the fifth day . the empress became ill, felt trembling,

which was followed by feverish fever and restlessness throughout her body, the circulation of blood in the body much. hastened felt also heaviness and faintness in the head, pain and numbness of the arm. catherine ii had all the signs of black pockmark disease, even the pope appears on the skin of the empress, and thomas dim did is near the empress. strongly record all her symptoms, and according to legend, catherine ordered to keep a harnessed carriage. uh, here in tsarskoye selo, and she signed a letter of protection, so that in the event of her death, thomas dimsel could leave, uh, russia, and he would have no reason or no harm. well, everything worked out, catherine recovered, then in the same way they brought the heir of the future emperor paul i, he is completely easy.

he endured this procedure, which, thank god, also recovered and his family was given a title of nobility, and an annual salary and a new surname about the back on the coat of arms of alexander the successful, a hand from a purulent papule squeezes a red rose of a newly-made nobleman. identified in the cadet corps, but he could not bear the fallen glory, he drank himself and did not make a career and leaving no heirs. at the end of the 18th century, which was called enlightened even in europe , attitudes towards smallpox vaccinations were ambiguous, it was believed that this was only exacerbates epidemics. in fact, there is no guarantee that a person will get a mild form of smallpox, it was possible for a person to be vaccinated immediately with severe smallpox, and thus the vaccine might not work. in addition, this was often done in unsanitary conditions, that is, there was no teaching on the hygiene of antiseptics at that time. therefore , a person could be vaccinated against smallpox, but die from

blood poisoning. well, roughly speaking, the variation was even banned by the parisian parliament in 1762. soon the king of france, louis xv catherine ii, died of smallpox. she hid her indignation. the future, already protected by herself, she described that it was important that excuse me, dear, enlightened europe. we in russia are already this thing. that was a higher level, of course, it was, uh, noted in honor of the vaccination, and the ace by catherine even minted a medal that was awarded to doctors on one side. we see the profile of the emperor. tsy, she is the opposite, an allegory , we see a woman with a child of this empress and son pavel petrovich, and a woman bows to them. this is an allegory of russia which thanks the empress for the introduction vaccinations in the country.

in one of the frequent russian collections, for a long time, a unique message from catherine ii to the governor-general of little russia, count pyotr rumyantsev, along with a portrait of the empress by the levitsky artist , was kept for a long time. god doesn't need it. uh, big funds don't need hospital beds. you can even use the monastery monasteries for this. compound to take money from the city treasury, yes pay, and to doctors and in general to introduce propaganda among the people in russia , a real vaccination from the latin word and

inoculate is already being used. with a cow, according to the method of the english doctor edward jenn, it was noticed that a woman who works with the barks of the thrush is dark. they get sick. these observations led to the conclusion that the cow can protect a person from a terrible disease. to popularize vaccinations among the people , popular prints are printed on them in an accessible language, they explain that the girl’s children could well have remained beautiful if their faces had not spoiled the smallpox, don't be scared so we were. we are no worse, our fathers forgot us, cow, they didn’t instill smallpox, as an alluvial attack, and plowed our face. restorers still find such popular prints under the lids of the chests of county doctors

of the early 19th century . about 50,000 inoculation pictures, both color and black and white, were printed per beauty. good girl. everything is fine. they are dressed in her hand, and the other is such a terrible hand, all in a dot, this is because she was ill with smallpox. and now one of the other is jealous, and the second tells her you're not jealous of your parents ' propaganda propaganda was not much different from the modern company of vaccination left on hand. if this vaccination among the people was called none other than the antichrist seal, the people, despite the fact that they were vaccinated, managed to evaporate these vaccinations in the bathhouse and somehow even suck them out. in general, there were antiquities, and so on. at the beginning of the 19th century , cholera came to russia from india, as it happened before , along with the troops that returned after the wars with persia and turkey, the tsarist authorities were the first to

in fact, the roads are blocked by the features of cholera in that it is an intestinal infection, and it killed people very quickly, literally dried out all the moisture left it and the person could die on the second on the third day, that is, a very quick death. eh, that's really scary. and when the news appeared that cholera could get into st. petersburg, special regulations were issued by the government of st. petersburg on what is needed, firstly, to close the city, special trains are organized and infectious quarantines tanks. alexander sergeevich pushkin for quarantine for 3 months, it turns out to be locked in the boldinsky estate, the wedding with natalya goncharova is postponed. i was told that five quarantines had been arranged from here to moscow and i would have to spend 14 days in each. count well. and besides, imagine in what i must be in the worst mood. in fact, there are 14 poet cordons in moscow.

he is trying to break through and collide at the crossing with men armed with clubs, who, according to alexander sergeevich , did not themselves understand what they were doing, offered them the peasants agreed with me a silver ruble , transported me and wished me many years. he tried to bribe. uh, here are the peasants, uh, quarantined. e. so even he succeeded, but in the next quarantine, pushkin was still detained. bribes no longer help to get through and it doesn’t work for pushkin , the most fruitful creative period begins, boldin autumn. he finishes writing eugene onegin, composes belkin's tales , and conducts correspondence. well, it gets punctured letters through these holes in the post office, they disinfected the correspondence with sulfuric smoke or bleach poet with bichon and in a letter to the composer, alexei verstovsky does not hold back emotions

you can not imagine. how unpleasant it is to receive pierced letters, so rough that it is impossible not to rub. well, scratch pushkin, like many in those years, you believe that cholera is treated like ordinary milk poisoning and oil fasts and does not share the quarantine measures of the tsarist authorities, damn cholera, a cruel joke of fate. the people grumble, not understanding the strict necessity and preferring the evil of the unknown and the mysterious to their unaccustomed embarrassment, rebellions break out here, then there in the summer of 1831. in st. petersburg , pogroms began to spread throughout the city. rumors that the terrestrial doctors were spreading the infection and poisoning people in the hospital began to catch doctors on the street and beat them down and force them to eat bleach, which was found with them by the minister of the interior, which at that time was closed. he created a very strict system of quarantines, and it

literally paralyzed the economic life of the country, that is, it was also not easy. here, eyewitnesses in sovremennik recall such pictures, and a decree was adopted, yes, oh, he, naturally, he is the definition in the quarantine barat of people from the infected. well, since they filled up very quickly, the houses in which infected patients were found were also closed. well, imagine petersburg courtyards, wells and literally stabbing. people couldn’t get out, but you understand, yes, that i am a person needs to eat food, in general, some needs, and therefore they also broke down these doors right on the street, and then here we took and defeated the central halal hospital on sennaya square of doctors and brotherhood from the windows, and the sick were pulled out on beds and carried in their arms, trying to prove to everyone that they were healthy , troops led to petersburg, arrested the instigators, and the emperor returned to the capital from the peterhof royal quarantine on sennaya square, surrounded by semyonovsky guards. shelf. nicholas

addressed the people with a speech and supposedly. not afraid to get infected, he even kissed one of the rebels on people. this worked and the people dispersed, and the scene of the pacification of the cholera riot. then they immortalized the har-relief of the monument to the king. according to one of the legends, the emperor took out a bottle of blast solution, which then also treated for cholera at all will make of them. this showed that it was not a poison. the announcement of the emperor did not help in just a few days in the novgorod province, a cholera riot flared up with new unprecedented force in staraya russa , an angry crowd looking for poisoners tore to pieces more than 100 people beat to death two generals and 15 doctors rebelled their military settlements on the orders of alexander i planted counts, not the best idea was the king to transfer the army to

self-sufficiency. while some are fighting, others are plowing and harvest, but the general zealously carried out the order of the king. here is a ceremonial portrait, in which alexei andreevich, against the backdrop of just from the slender military barracks , military settlers not far from his name. they were not very happy with such a barracks life and often rebelled. this experiment had already lasted for several years and the experiment was going hard, so the military settlers, in general, had a lot of reasons for dissatisfaction. and then, uh, the cholera epidemic. she became such a trigger. yes, in the end it all flared up and poured out like this indeed, the rebellion was short-lived, but very bloody and senseless and merciless, and then , as they say, it coincided, the main army units were sent to suppress the polish uprising, the workers remained, the arable battalions , the soldiers, their children were contanists, who studied in primary military schools, just then

cholera came. the military settlements were waiting for her and they were taking action. in general, from the point of view of the military settlers. these are the same peasants. yes, they look quite sinister. uh, when graves are dug in advance in order to as soon as possible to bury the dead. well, people, of course, have some kind of suspicions and fears. i'm still looking for where the headquarters of the military settlements of 11 killed officers was located, then they buried them in pre-dug graves. there used to be a memorial cross at this place, but now only a pedestal remains from it in the neighboring garrison of the muravyov barracks, these officers were simply lined up on the swimmer and right before our eyes. their families, who watched all this from the windows of their houses. uh, one of the villagers took turns chopping their savley, such was the execution execution arranged.

the officers of staraya russa overdid quarantine measures, they began to fumigate the barracks and the soldiers were driven out into the street, several of them fell ill, the settlers decided that they had been specially poisoned to explain the purpose of fumigating the premises, or they didn’t want to or simply couldn’t, the deaths of the novgorod province of cholera itself were not much more than from knee item. we are in the doctor's barracks, a village in the novgorod region, where very tragic events took place during the cholera riot. yes the settlement seized the officers, beat them and killed them. well, specifically, we are in the remains of the building where it was then located, lord them too. and so it was here that all these events unfolded. it was the apotheosis, obscurantism the province was left almost without doctors, the rebels. they caught another choleric person, drunk them, and then sent a dispatch to the tsar with a report that they had neutralized the vile

poisoner. they literally tortured these unfortunate officers there, and knocked out a confession that they really poisoned, there crops wells and so on, that they wanted to poison the uh military settlers, and then they sent a deputation with these papers with these confessions to nicholas the first nicholas received them. well, naturally. it was such a naive attempt. yes, russia will justify itself. the tsar responded with some delay, additional troops were brought into the novgorod province and the local crowd opened fire, the laudatory riot was quickly suppressed by those responsible for the murders with a bilingnut, if they survived after that they were sent to the frame, and the rest of the rebellion was driven through the steering wheel. every received several thousand blows with spitz from almost 200 people. this is where the marten was not transferred. during the year of the pre-cholera riot in

sevastopol, the plague broke out; it was distinguished by the fact that there was no epidemic of the mutiny. why did local officials come up with to cash in on quarantine, it lasted 2 years, when in novorossia, mainly kherson odessa , the really ferocious russian-turkish war ended in 1829. the need to remove the quarantine quarantine restrictions. but even these mild restrictions made it possible to enrich a significant part of the officials who were in sevastopol and suddenly in october 1829. here, a plague patient is found in quarantine. today we cannot say whether it really was so or whether it was one of the first falsifications, nevertheless quarantine measures began to tighten. in

the port, they decided to tighten the screws and closed it. food and goods were allowed to enter the city only through quarantine services. everyone who wanted they had to enter, burn their clothes, go through the procedure of fumigation with smoke and wait in quarantine for 2 weeks. it’s just that obosses with food have already been brought to the settlements, reselling them inflates prices several times. the city authorities , the chief of police, the commandant of the city, agreed and a cubic sazhen of firewood, which cost 18 rubles. they managed through various frauds, by the way, at the auction, they also led to the fact that the city bought this firewood for 140,150 rubles. well,

the city and so there was no money to trade in special tin signs that allowed you to move freely around the city, they were issued by officials from the commission for the struggle for times, but there were special passes, uh, for people who came there to sell and trade something and for ranks high rank, for example, the city center here it was the most preferential. there were no such strict quarantine measures. people also felt it, saw it, heard it. there is no medicine, there was no cold or plague in sevastopol, so for preventive purposes they organized swimming in the sea, what is most interesting, even some amazing thing, is that these bathing took place in the winter of 1830, when it was severely cold, everyone who knows who lives in sevastopol that the sea is very cold in winter and in fact, such winds go here that this is actually from any healthy person can make a person sick ended where the city authorities. everything is very bad, the crowd

tore the governor-general nikolai stolypin, quarantine inspector and brigade commander. the people began to smash officials before the matches. garrison of sevastopol refused to suppress the uprising, the rebels captured the commandant of the city, turchaninov, and the cat of admiralovsky, who led the quarantine cordon under pain of death, they were forced to issue a receipt that there was no plague in the city and cancel quarantine a day later , troops were brought into sevastopol, the rebellion stopped, aristas began , and the proceedings of quarantine officials were also punished. and by the way, six commission agents were punished. these are the people who participated in these corrupt purchases, but the emperor pardoned almost everyone. only seven a man was executed, what does this say? this suggests that the higher authorities still understood and recognized the situation that

took place here, they were, of course, horrified. epidemics and related riots tormented russia several more times in response to quarantine , they rebelled there in the narrow province of the volga region, the khvalynsky cholera riot of 1892 ended with the murder of the head of the sanitary commission, dr. , centuries have brought no less terrible epidemics for mankind. spaniard. sleep coronavirus. for the second year now , the planet has been tormented, only diseases change, and people in their prejudices largely remain. the same as 200 years ago.

we'll take care of this. it will be the honest detective.

in kazan and moscow today launched the

countdown to the games of the future, they will start exactly in 300 days. this is the first ever international competition that combines traditional sports with digital technology. in creations they will accept participation of athletes. from more than a hundred countries , the president addressed the participants and guests of the solemn ceremony. vladimir putin by the fact that such competitions were born in russia that actively, gaining popularity, exciting functional digital sports have received new opportunities in our country , scale and prospects. i know that the russian initiative has already attracted the closest attention of the professional community, fans and hyper-competitions and classic sports and video games from many countries of the world, this is confirmed by viewer.