this kremlin tower is called the alarm tower. before, a bell hung on it, which was beaten during fires and riots. the last time the alarm bell on this tower was rung was in 1771, when a terrible plague came in the first cathedral tower, from which almost 100,000 people died in moscow.

nabat in the midst of the epidemic, the bloody rebellion caused a plague riot cruelly, suppressing it, catherine ii ordered to punish also the bell, which was called the band bell, now it is in the kremlin armory in eternal storage, the second determined the punishment for the rebels, they did not find a person, who actually rang the bell, and then the bell itself was ordered to be punished. why was the bell simply not given to some monastery? you will learn, firstly, there is an analogy, and when in uglich they rang the bell, gathering people, it means after the death of the tsarevich in winter. it actually worked out too. so 15 people were killed, including tsar mikhail yakutyagovsky, that is, this attempt should be on statehood, and the bell was punished. he was beaten with pluses and exiled to siberia in tobolsk, the first pool, inanimate, as it were written, so

analogies to such a punishment, they really were. the epidemic came to moscow at the end of 1770 by an amazing coincidence. that year , after a long repair, the chimes on the spasskaya tower, after a long repair , were tuned by the swiss watchmaker mark kondrat to the phase to beat out the melody of an austrian song. ah, my dear augusting, which was composed in vienna in the 17th century during the plague. there were such words that it was not a day, it was a holiday, and now there is one plague of a mountain of corpses. this is a plague, lie down in the grave in august, everything is gone. a terrible prophecy sounded from the kremlin tower the whole next year, until plague raged, the terrible sea was also remembered by the fact that for the first time the russian authorities began to apply comprehensive measures

against the epidemic, and the people responded to this with the traditional russian burt and senseless and merciless. they still argue about how the plague got to moscow, either it itself arose from unsanitary conditions , or the infection was brought by soldiers who returned from the turkish war, or perhaps the disease was brought along with foreign goods, most likely, it came to us from the northern black sea coast fields of the russian-turkish war, most likely, came. it’s just the same, uh, on

turkish wool, and it’s no coincidence that in moscow , uh, the first to feel it for themselves were manufactories, a handicraft shop, it was there that these cases first started. uh, diseases and very, very fast deaths. trade always goes to the plague, do not always come. here it turns out that most cases of a major infection came when a huge military contingent was being redeployed. that is, the plague will side by side with war and destroy the empire at the most crucial and most difficult moment for her existence. x lefortovo in a small hospital, which was headed by dr. athanasius shafonsky, the first

officer who participated in the russian-turkish war dies, then 14 more people, and in december 1770 athanasius shafonsky diagnoses the first case of the plague, and reports about it, but, but he doesn’t believed immediately. the foreign doctor linder, who was in charge of all moscow hospitals, convinced the governor-general of moscow, count pyotr saltykov, from flies, that this was not a plague at all, but a black fifth body, who died only a bedsore and he refused to diagnose this disease, as to what he just reproached for the fact that the reason was in unsanitary conditions, which was true, but it was a stone in the garden of chanson. there were more and more patients, the doctors demanded to declare a quarantine, but the governor reported to catherine that it would not be possible to close moscow in any way, this could not be done in such a great city. so many people eat imported food. by that time, the plague was already

raging at the moscow cloth manufactory from january to march 1771 , 130 people died at the factory, the owners of the cloth court tried to hide it and secretly. plague corpses were buried at night. right under the fence , catherine orders to put up outposts at the entrance to the city to smoke all visitors with smoke , send them to quarantine, and keep letters over the fire in may, the state council, before sending and receiving. ah, the empress reports. what? well, it's not like the plague. and why these complex events? there was another problem here. this is accounting, and the number of cases. ah, dark people. i was very afraid of the plague, i was afraid of doctors in the hospital, so uh hmm it was impossible to read the exact number of victims, that is, the case of harboring the sick, but they would arbitrarily bury, for example, the dead, and therefore the empress reported that , well, in moscow, it seems, how few people die from this e, some kind of fever was then called. in

june 1771, moscow officials removed all restrictive measures, removed the cordons and disbanded the quarantine barracks, and the result was not long in coming in july , the death rate of 400-500 people a day. and it is precisely at this time that they first appear. had to go and clean up the corpses. convicts who were sentenced to either the death penalty or to long terms of imprisonment a dense cap, he even looked like the ku klux clan such a pryorez and a long long mountain. and gloves impregnated with resin. one kind of martus caused apocalyptic horror in black tarred overalls. they dragged the dead out of their houses with long iron hooks, not allowing their relatives to say goodbye to them according to the orthodox rite of convicts by a sentence of death, but they could not call for payment, and precisely they were used to pull out

corpses from those houses where no one was left alive, by the way, they were accused of sometimes dragging them out even alive. well, he is also afraid of the dead, the corpses were taken outside the city, where they were buried in common graves. this is how danilovskoe vagankovskoe appeared, a narrow cemetery. in autumn, 1,000 people die every day in moscow, death knells ring out over the city. you believe that bells purify , heal the air, drive pestilence along the branch, that is, epidemics, and indeed, when there were epidemics, uh, as a rule, bells rang incessantly in all the churches, and then there were the chimes on the spasskaya tower. every hour they beat off a terrible melody about the viennese drunkard augustus, who fell into a common grave with plague corpses and slept there all night , a terrible chime through the streets in an endless

stream, they are drawn to a cart with bodies eaten by ulcers. there are fires on every corner. from juniper manure it was believed that it disinfects the air saturated with ants. in this weighty book, a description of the world's plague, which was published by dr. shaponsky 250 years ago there are many different recipes here. how to treat the plague here, and ordinary vinegar and kvass, and even sour cabbage soup, plague buboes were recommended to wrap a cake of flour or baked onions garlic helps a lot, when crushed and applied to a sore spot , one could laugh at the medical views of the eighteenth century if in the xxi century , at the very beginning of the epidemic , people did not buy up all the stocks of ginger root in supermarkets. and the plague has been known since biblical times in the old. testament is god's punishment in the form of painful growths

falls on the philistines in the vi century ad, the so-called justinian plague came from egypt to europe and, according to modern estimates, claimed more than 100 million lives. it was the first pandemic in world history, even then people assumed that the disease was transmitted through the air and from person to person, and the first protection against this scourge could be quarantine from the italian numeral 40. the italian word coranta and it was in italy e in the xiv century, by the way, it is connected with the plague, coming ships from troubled countries under the plague were kept on the high seas they were not allowed to enter venice for 40 days, but we know that this is an excessive measure; the incubation period for uh, the plague is 7 days, not by chance, the plague of the main horseman of the apocalypse, followed by war, famine and death itself on a white horse

, a cruel yell breaks into cities and devastates entire countries. terrible torments will fall before him , and slaves and kings will make their own. everyone is equal before black death, and if you look at vasnetsov’s picture of the warriors of the apocalypse there, that the plague is on one horse for the war of hunger and death, and so the plague is depicted there with a crown. and now they say this, this, by the way, the fifth warrior of the apocalypse plague in russia knew that isolation was needed back in the 17th century, under alexei mikhailovich. the tsarina and her heir were sent for quarantine, first to the trinity-sergius lavra, and then to the kalyazinsky monastery she went all the way with bonfires and burning coals. we are unlike european cities. eh, anyway. uh, the sonority of the population

population density is not so high and still important moment. this is, of course, a climate in cold conditions. you understand all these carriers. they freeze very quickly. and, by the way, freezing was one of the most common methods of fighting. here and vice versa. it had to be lit on fire. uh, destroy property, uh, that has been contaminated. in the same quarantine charter, it was stated that the goods were coming from abroad. he must be looked at. it must be laid out in the cold, it is there for 2 weeks. well, for different goods there were different terms to freeze. from catastrophic epidemics the plagues that devastated europe in the middle ages saved russia for the time being . the harsh climate. a simple custom is to go to the bathhouse and heat it black at + 55 °, these

fleas and bacteria that cause the plague, the so-called evsine, they die. and if it went to the bath. at the same time, you will wash yourself, so one of these are the key factors that in russia there was little plague epidemic or borovaya yazana, the so-called this is just hmm commitment to visiting the bathhouse to keep the body clean in the noisy summer of 71, that's all closed. for a russian person to close the bath. this is a big problem, in principle connected with his way of life, because ours was visited three times a week while the europeans. in the beautiful vorochny xviii century, what were called ladies washed under the neckline.

that's what you can see, then we washed, and hygiene and cleanliness for ours, it is primordially innate, it has always been the alpha-omega of their existence, and here i can’t go to the bathhouse. but what should i do? well, then it turns out dirt, unsanitary conditions and an additional way to spread over and over again, when from st. petersburg at the behest of catherine, count orlov will come, he will not only open all the baths in the first throne room, but also build new, by the way, wine and vodka shops. they were open, but uh selling alcohol. it was made through two double doors. special doors. on the one hand, then a bottle was placed from the other side, a cup of kvass thickened or vinegar was put in money, and only then the person took away the sale of alcohol,

too, did not benefit. looting began in moscow, looting is tearing up the graves of those who died from the plague, and taking off their clothes on sale. that is, there was also a shortage of clothes ; people gave clothes from the sick. they fell ill again in moscow, they decided to walk all the clothes of the sick, and the murtuses, who did not stand on ceremony, did this, which remained from the dead, and then they began to burn entire houses. people found themselves on the street with nothing and without food , there was a rumor that the mother of god made muscovites look like this. for 30 years now, they have not prayed to the bogolyubsky icon, installed on the barbarian gates in kitay-gorod. preserve the mother of god. let

the punishment of the lord take away from us, then mur, retreat pilgrimage began at the barbarian gates with processions of the cross, they put up a staircase and climbed in turn to kiss the icon of moscow archbishop vrosy. trying to stop it and he banned the procession of the prayer service, and the money that was collected was sealed, but uh, this, of course, was perceived by ordinary people. yes, like something impossible yes, what a punishment, we need to pray to god, we are forbidden and, accordingly, a riot began. uh, because it's a crowd of angry people. e, they incited them there, e, talking about the fact that he left the mother of god being robbed, he took these money. his actions look deliberate so that people do not gather and kiss the icon. you understand what it led to. actually, yes to further distribution. uh, the disease was dying - that's more than a thousand people a day. this is a huge death. science will

say you can't hold church services , hold religious processions, kiss the miraculous icon, because you transmit the infection, and your religiosity will say that this is my last chance. especially if i do not belong to high society, if i i am a commoner and i have nothing more than this over-the-gate icon. i have, in addition to faith and hope in the intercession of god or the mother of god, it is permissible. this is what will be the precursor of the plague in that seventy-first year. by that time, the archbishop was already in conflict with the clergy. in his instructions, he forbade organizing auctions for places in parishes, and he advised priests to take communion in the hands of those dying of the plague only through the window, which caused bewilderment to clean without touching the sick person himself without

a funeral service, take the sick to the cemetery and store outside of moscow and then perform the funeral in absentia. in addition, he changed the places of congestion of the sick with juniper branches at the danilovsky ugreshsky and strong monastery , special quarantine points were made and it was there that the sick were taken. eh, well, as a matter of fact. as the author of the first textbook on the epidemic, or the first manual or instruction, he gave uh, a written description of how the clergy should behave. how to behave when sick? how to deal with the dead? that there are, in fact, these are the rudiments of epidemiological e, warning measures sounded the alarm and

the crowd rushed to look for it, and the miracle of the archbishop was defeated, but the clergyman had already managed to leave for the don monastery, the rebels. they rushed there, blew out the gate, and burst into the choirs with you in a large robe. here is a large cathedral of the donskoy monastery were inside the crowd burst into the temple identified vlad and you saw on the harpeds dragged down and dragged out, when you will inversion they killed him not far from the holy gates, he was simply torn apart. a memorial cross was erected at the site of the murder in vrosa. in the soviet years, it was broken, but the believers moved the wreckage to the cathedral. archbishop of

moscow avrosy, his body was set tombstone on top there was a stand on which the metro lay, this very valuable part of the tombstone was lost. where barrels of wine were stored, he emptied them and came to the consensus that the plague was specially brought to moscow in order to destroy the orthodox people began to smash the monastic quarantines and knock down doctors. somehow escaped death, the head of the plague hospitals, danil samoilovich, when the distraught crowd began

to beat him, he called himself under the doctor and was spared. he was a unique person for his time. voluntarily, remaining contagious moscow to save the sick samoylovich tried to take. this is poison uh, purulent poison from the secretions of buboes and on the basis of them build a facsimile to drive them with a weakened poison imagine, he uh invented the microscope there, tried to find arousal and began to try to vaccinate against the plague. trial. the very best get sick with the plague, but endure it in an easy form to convince someone else of the correctness of the method did not work. and then the main thing struck, the commander of moscow fled, as you know, the whole elite fled and left everything. and the city was generally in the hands of those who were tailing for 2-3 days. bun was suppressed by general pyotr erotkin, having despaired of understanding the crowd and

having received a couple of cobblestones from the rebels. he took extreme measures. general yarotkin, put cannons in front of the kremlin gates, ordered to shoot with blank charges, but this only incited the crowd, the rioters saw that there were no dead among them and shouted at us the mother of god herself protects and rushed to the assault. then they had already begun to shoot with buckshot and red square turned red with blood. by this time , count orlov arrived in moscow with bags of money and, in addition to labor , began to use very weighty gingerbread. money began to be distributed to those who helped take care of the sick and who were sent to quarantine houses, for each day of your stay you receive from 10 to 15 kopecks. i 'll tell you now, prices to start a kilogram of beef in those

days cost 7 kopecks. flour, cost 20-25 kopecks. that is, a person stayed there, not only could he feed himself, he could also return some of the money to his family, but that 's not all after you served quarantine, there is from two to eight weeks. now the quarantine has left, you are given from 10 to 15 rubles. the average salary of an official in moscow was 12 rubles. that is, people were left with money. orlov also ordered to buy new clothes for people in quarantines to merchants who suffered losses from pogroms and stop trading; he appointed compensation payments; the number of quarantines and infectious tanks increases, when they begin to bring in, uh, people who have become infected, then they begin to clean up moscow from one key of frequencies, that is, such a general

cleaning. he divided the whole of moscow into 27 sections, if i'm not mistaken, and in each section he assigned his teams to quarantine teams, and the teams that cleaned up, which were removed. uh, by the way, moscow was cleaned up, and even to the point that homeless animals were killed, because the kremlin chimes were also hotbeds, playing reconfigurations about dear augustine. but on the butt bell fell silent, forever the empress ordered count orlov to cut off his tongue, and this is rather the cutting of the tongue is a punishment for a criminal person. and here there is such a certain analogy of this, but in fact the tongue is attached to the metal sergei, which is when casting the bell. yes, e is attached here in its upper part and a tongue is attached to it. systemic fastenings of the tongue are different. what exactly was here, i can’t say. well, that is , count orlov, this tongue of the saber could not be cut

, it is unlikely that the saber waved inside the bell, very convenient, and uh, of course, there sometimes could and could be with metal fasteners, so, of course, the cut-down language ecologist. it's a figure of speech stripped of language. by the end of autumn, the plague had left the first place, and the main result of the epidemic was catherine's decree on the construction of the first moscow water supply system from mytishchi, the rostokinsk kveduk, so that people would no longer drink from the yauza and neglinka, which became the beginning of the plague riot as sewer canals. all the glory went to the favorite empress in honor of grigory orlov by order of catherine ii, a triumphal arch was built in tsarskoye selo. unheard of in those days, for delivering moscow from misfortune , he established order and obedience to the orphan, delivered food and healing to the poor, and squatted down with his good institutions for the ferocity of the ulcer.

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catherine was terribly afraid of the world epidemic, in addition to the plague, smallpox constantly mowed down the population of the russian empire. and this, of course, sometimes directly influenced the course of political history itself, if we recall the events of january 17.