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on wildberries the fourteen-year-old emperor peter ii, the grandson of peter the great, died. firstly, this was the death of the last representative of the male representative of the dynasty, the romanovs, and secondly, this immediately led to a dynastic crisis and the whole subsequent history connected with conditions and with all other things in the second half of the 18th century. in england, they begin to actively instill a black osloba from purulent papules on the patient's body, they took an already dying virus for transplantation of a healthy person. it was a variation. they took a needle and this game was placed in a vial, in which the vial of the patient yes , who had the causative agent of this smallpox, and applied scarification. well, that is, they did a scratch on the skin. variations of this latin

name for smallpox variola was known, even in the ottoman empire from there the method ended up in england catherine found out about this count panin was entrusted with the secret mission of secret to find the most effective doctor choice pal on thomas-19 he was persuaded to come to the russian empress first and offered to vaccinate his son. she said, it would be a shameful weakness uh, hmm not start yourself. and as you remember, when this epidemic began in the spring, and catherine first moved from one palace to another, she fled, she was afraid, because she actually had the experience of peter ii dying. lord peter iii her future not a lab. her favorite countess sheremetyeva died on the eve of the wedding. that is, death was everywhere, and as she writes, then to friedrich, and the situation surrendered so vile that she came down great weakness,

the usual thread on her back would not come out of her; material for catherine was taken from the sick six. and so sasha markov wrapped the sleeping child in a blanket and at night, through a secret passage, they brought a needle or a lancet for smallpox inoculation to the tsar's rest in the winter palaces. we can assume that a variation of catherine was made, either scalpel, or an instrument, perhaps similar to the one in my hands. in any case, at that time, the type and purpose of the instruments changed extremely slowly. here, if we talk about catherine , variations were carried out. how did an incision in the skin through which a thread soaked with pus was pulled, thus pus and ripened empty. they took markov, soaked the thread in the cut material and dragged

this thread through the cut. after transferring the terrible virus from hand to hand, the next morning, ekaterina i went here to tsarskoye selo to expect how everything would end, but there was fear. why, in those days, two out of 100 people died from smallpox vaccination thomas dimsdale did not leave catherine a single step of her condition. he described in detail in a treatise the current method of instilling smallpox on the fifth day. the empress began to feel bad trembling, which was followed by febrile fever and restlessness throughout her body , the circulation of blood in the body much. there was also a feeling of heaviness and dizziness in the head, pain and numbness of the arm. at catherine ii there were all the signs of the disease of smallpox, even the skin of the empress appears to the pope and thomas dimmesdale is located. near the empress and carefully record all her symptoms, and according to

legend, catherine ordered to keep a harnessed carriage. uh, here in tsarskoye selo, and she signed a letter of protection so that in the event of her death, thomas dimsel could leave, uh, russia , and he would not be harmed in any way. well, everything worked out, catherine recovered, then in the same way they brought the heir of the future emperor paul i here and it’s completely easy. moved this procedure, which, thank god, also recovered and his family was given a title of nobility, and a salary annually and a new surname about the back on the coat of arms of alexander the successful, a hand from a purulent papule squeezes a red rose of a newly-made nobleman. they assigned him to the cadet corps, but he could not bear the fallen glory, he lost his way and did not make a career and left no heirs. at the end of the 18th century,

which was called enlightened even in europe , attitudes towards smallpox vaccinations were ambiguous, it was believed that this only intensifies the epidemic. not really guarantees that a person will be given a mild form of smallpox, it was possible to instill a person with severe smallpox at once, and thus the vaccine might not work. in addition, this was often done in unsanitary conditions, that is, there was no teaching on the hygiene of antiseptics at that time. therefore , a person could be vaccinated against smallpox, but die from blood poisoning. well, roughly speaking, the variation was even banned by the parisian parliament in 1762. soon, king louis xv of france, louis xv, catherine ii did not hide her indignation from smallpox. being already on my own protected. she wrote that this is important, that excuse me, dear, enlightened europe we are already in russia this business. that was

a higher level, of course, it was, uh, noted in honor of the vaccination, and the ace by catherine even minted a medal that was awarded to doctors on one side. we see the profile of the emperor. as an opposite allegory , we see a woman with a child by this empress and her son pavel petrovich, and a woman bows to them. this is an allegory of russia that thanks the empress for the institution of vaccination in the country. in one of the frequent russian collections for a long time kept a unique message from catherine ii to the governor-general of little russia, count peter rumyantsev , along with a portrait of the empress by the artist levitsky

. god doesn't need it. uh, you don't need big money for a hospital bed. you can even use the monasteries for this purpose in the monastic courtyard , take money from the city treasury, yes , pay, and generally introduce doctors propaganda among the people of the 19th century in russia is already using a real vaccination from the latin word va and inoculating with blood according to the method of the english doctor edward jenn , it was noticed that a woman who works with thrush barks does not get sick. these observations made it possible to conclude that a cow can protect a person from a terrible disease from a natural one. to popularize vaccinations among the people , they print popular prints on them in an accessible language.

spoiled the smallpox, don't be scared so we were. we are no worse, our fathers forgot us, cow, they didn’t instill smallpox, as an alluvial attack, they plowed our faces. such ubochnye pictures restorers still find under the lids of the chests of county doctors of the early 19th century about 50,000 inoculation pictures, both color and black and white, were printed on the beauty. good girl. everything is fine. dressed in his hand is a spinning wheel, and the other is such a terrible hand, all in a dot, this is because she was ill with smallpox. and here one is jealous of the other, and the second tells her you are not jealous. it's the fault your parents' propaganda wasn't much different from the modern day vaccination campaign left on the arm. if this

vaccination among the people, they called it nothing more than the seal of the antichrist, the people, despite the fact that they were vaccinated, managed to evaporate these vaccinations in the bathhouse and somehow even suck them out. in general, there were antiquities, and so on. at the beginning of the 19th century, cholera comes to russia from india , as it happened before, along with the troops that returned after the wars with persia and turkey, the tsarist authorities first of all block the roads. that it is an intestinal infection, and it killed people very quickly, a person literally dried up , all moisture left him and a person could die on the second on the third day, that is, a very quick death. uh, it's really scary, and when they appeared, and the news that cholera could get into st. petersburg, uh ,

special regulations are issued by the government of st. infectious tanks. alexander sergeevich pushkin for quarantine for 3 months, it turns out to be locked the wedding with natalya goncharova is being postponed at the boldino estate. i was told that five quarantines had been arranged from here to moscow and i would have to spend 14 days in each. count well. and besides, imagine in what a bad mood i must be. in fact, there are 14 poet cordons in moscow. he is trying to break through and collide with the men armed with clubs, who, according to alexander sergeevich, did not themselves understand what they were doing here, offered them a silver ruble , the men agreed with me, transported me and wished many years. he tried to bribe. uh, here are the peasants, uh, quarantined. e. so even he succeeded, but in the next quarantine, pushkin was still detained. they no longer help to get through and it doesn’t work for pushkin, the most fruitful

creative period begins, boldin autumn. in self-isolation, he writes eugene onegin composes belkin's tales conducts correspondence receives punctured letters through these holes at the post office they disinfected correspondence with sulfuric smoke or bleach, the poet with bichon and in a letter to the composer alexei verstovsky did not restrains emotions. how unpleasant it is to receive pierced letters, so rough that it is impossible not to rub. well, scratch pushkin, like many in those years, you believe that cholera is treated like ordinary milk poisoning and oil fasts and does not share the quarantine measures of the tsarist authorities, damn cholera, an evil joke of fate of necessity and preferring the evil of the unknown and the mysterious

to their unusual constraint. riots break out here and there in the summer of 1831 in pet ludi, pogroms began throughout the city , rumors spread that foreign doctors were spreading infection and poison people in the hospital, doctors began to be caught on the street and knocked down and forced to eat bleach, which was found with them by the minister of the interior, who at that time was for the cross. he created a very strict system of quarantines, and it literally paralyzed the economic life of the country, that is, it was also not just that eyewitnesses in sovremennik recall such pictures, but a decree was adopted. yes, it is natural in the definition of people who have expressed themselves in a quarantine barat. well , since they filled up very quickly, then the houses in which they were found. uh, infected the sick also closed them, but imagine petersburg courtyards. kholodtsy, they were literally boarded up. people could not get out, but , you know, yes, what a person, he needs food, there are some needs in general, and

therefore they also broke down these doors. several doctors were killed right on the street, and then they stormed and destroyed the central haleric hospital on sennaya square, doctors were thrown out of the windows, and the sick were dragged out on beds and carried in their arms, trying to prove to everyone that they were healthy in st. petersburg willy troops arrested the instigators and the emperor returned to the capital from the peterhof royal quarantine on sennaya square, surrounded by the life guardsmen of the semenov regiment, nicholas i addressed the people with a speech and supposedly. not afraid to get infected, he even kissed one of the rebels on people. this worked and the people dispersed, and the scene of the pacification of the cholera riot. then they immortalized the har-relief of the monument to the king, according to one of the legends, the emperor took out a strap of mercury solution, which was then also treated for cholera, they would make a tray for everyone, so

thus demonstrating that it is not a poison. the announcement of the emperor did not help literally a few days later in the novgorod province, a cholera riot flared up with new unprecedented force in staraya russa , an angry crowd looking for poisoners tore to pieces more than 100 people beaten to death two generals and 15 doctors rebelled their military settlements on the orders of alexander i planted counts, not the best was the idea of ​​​​the king to transfer the army to self-sufficiency, while others do not fight, they plow and harvest, but the general zealously fulfilled king's order. here is a ceremonial portrait, in which alexei andreevich, against the backdrop of just from the slender military barracks , military settlers near his estate. they were not very happy with such a barracks life and often rebelled. this experiment had already lasted for several years and the experiment was going hard, therefore, the military settlers, in general , had many reasons for dissatisfaction, and then

, uh, the cholera epidemic. she became such a trigger. yes, in the end it all broke out and such a real rebellion resulted short, but very bloody and senseless and merciless, and then, as they say, it coincided, the main army units were sent to suppress the polish uprising , the workers remained, the arable battalions, the soldiers , their children were contanists, who studied in elementary military schools, just then cholera came. her. waiting for military settlements took action. in general, from the point of view of the military settlers. these are the same peasants. yes, they look quite sinister. and when graves are dug in advance in order to bury the dead as soon as possible. well, people of course, there are some fears and suspicions, and the headquarters of the military was located. settlements of 11 killed officers, then they were buried in pre-dug graves, at this place there used to be a memorial cross, but now only

a pedestal from it remains. in the neighboring garrison of the muravyov barracks, these officers were simply lined up on the parade ground and right in front of our eyes. their families, who watched all this from the windows of their houses. uh, one of the villagers took turns chopping their savleys, such was the execution, the execution was arranged. the officers of staraya russa overdid it quarantine measures began to fumigate the barracks and the soldiers were driven out into the street several of them fell ill, the settlers decided that they were specially poisoned to explain the purpose of fumigating the premises or did not want or simply could not die of cholera itself in the novgorod province was not much more than from a knee rebellion. we are in the doctor's barracks, a village in the novgorod region, where very tragic events took place during the hayer rebellion. yes, the settlements grabbed officers, beat them

, killed them. well, specifically, we are in the remains of the building that then housed the hospital for the sick. yes, including them too. and so, it was here that all these events unfolded. it was the apotheosis, obscurantism the province was left almost without doctors, the rebels. they caught another cholera sufferer , drunk them, and then sent them to the king de pesh with a report that they had neutralized the vile ruler. they are literally there torturing those unfortunate officers. uh, they knocked out a confession that they really poisoned, there are crop wells and so on, that they wanted to poison uh the military settled, and then they sent a deputation with these papers with these confessions to nicholas the first, nicholas received them. well , of course there was such a naive attempt. yes, justify yourself.

the tsar responded with some delay, additional troops were brought into the novgorod province and the local crowd opened fire, the laudatory riot was quickly suppressed by those responsible for the murders of the giant, if they survived after that they were sent to the boat, and the rest of the rebellion was driven through the steering wheel. each received several thousand blows with spitz almost 200 human. this is where the marten was not transferred. a year before the haler riot in sevastopol , the plague broke out; it was distinguished by the fact that there was no epidemic of the mutiny. why did local officials come up with to cash in on quarantine, it lasted 2 years, when in novorossia, mainly in kherson odessa , the plague really raged . the russian -turkish war ended in 1829. there would be a need to lift quarantine measures

, quarantine restrictions, but even these soft restrictions made it possible to enrich a significant part of the officials who were in sevastopol and suddenly in october 1829. here, a plague patient is found in quarantine. today we cannot say whether it really was so or whether it was one of the first falsifications, nevertheless quarantine measures began to tighten. in a sweat, they decided to tighten the screws and closed it. food and goods were allowed to enter the city only through quarantine services. everyone who wanted to enter had to burn their clothes to pass the procedure of fumigating with smoke and waiting in quarantine for 2 weeks, cases are described that some smarmy and left and cunning officials and businessmen outbid. just carts with food and already brought to the settlements, reselling them inflates prices

several times. the city authorities , the chief of police, the commandant of the city, agreed and a cubic sazhen of firewood, which cost 18 rubles. they managed through various frauds, by the way, at the auction, they also led to the fact that the city bought this firewood for 140-150 rubles. well, the city and so there was no money to trade special tin signs, which allowed them to move freely around the city, were issued by officials from the commission for the struggle for times, and there were special passes. eh, and for the people who came there to sell and trade something, and for high- ranking officials, for example, the city center here was the most preferential. there were no such strict quarantine measures. people also felt it, saw it, heard it. there are no medicines, there was no cold or plague in sevastopol,

so for preventive purposes they organized swimming in the sea, what is most interesting, even some amazing thing, is that these bathing took place in the winter of 1830, when it was severely cold, everyone who knows who lives in sevastopol that the sea is very cold in winter and in fact, such winds go here that this is actually from any healthy person can make a person sick ended where the city authorities. everything is very bad, the crowd tore the governor-general nikolai stolypin, quarantine inspector and brigade commander. the people began to smash the houses of officials. the sevastopol garrison refused to suppress the uprising, the rebels captured the commandant of the city of turchaninov and comt admiral in kaluga, who led the quarantine cordon under pain of death, they were forced to issue a receipt that there was no plague in the city and cancel the quarantine a day later , troops were brought into sevastopol, the rebellion stopped, arrests began

and the proceedings of quarantine officials were also punished. and by the way, six commission agents were punished. these are the people who participated. here in these corrupt purchases they were sentenced to death, but the emperor pardoned almost everyone. total seven people were executed, what does this say? this suggests that the higher authorities still understood and recognized the situation that was happening here, they were, of course, horrified. epidemics and related riots tormented russia several more times in response to quarantine, rebelled the tambov province of the volga region, the cholera bunk khvalynsky of 1892 ended with the murder of the head of the sanitary

commission, dr. no less terrible epidemics for mankind. spaniard. sleeping ebola coronavirus. for the second year now, the planet has been tormented, only diseases change, and people in their prejudices largely remain. the same as 200 years ago.

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