the school at the russian embassy in warsaw will continue its work on may 10 in another building the day before in violation of international and moral laws. the polish authorities demanded to vacate the premises, which are diplomatic property. uzbekistan is voting on amendments to the country's constitution, including strengthening the branches of government and a ban on the death penalty. - this is autonomy within moldova electing a new head of contenders 8 this region is interesting because most people there do not support the policy of romanization documentary film by alexander rogatkin about epidemics in the history of russia and the fight against them. deposit the best interest in

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money? start investing right now in sberbank online . this kremlin tower is called the alarm tower. previously, a bell hung on it, which was beaten during fires and riots. last time at the alarm bell. on this tower they called in 1771, when in the first throne came, a terrible plague, from which almost 100,000 people died in moscow, the epidemic caused a bloody mutiny, a plague riot cruelly, suppressing it, catherine ii ordered to punish also the bell, which was called helper now

he is the kremlin armory for eternal storage by a rebel they did not find the person who actually rang the bell, and then they ordered the bell itself to be punished. why didn't they just give the bell to some monastery in uglich? nili in the bell, gathering the people means after the death of the tsarevich zimir. 15 people were killed, including a little government power it will be and was punished. he was beaten in front of the media and exiled to siberia in tobolsk as a primitive inanimate, as it was written, so the analogies of such a punishment, they really were an epidemic came to moscow at the end of 1770 by

an amazing coincidence. that year, the chimes on the spasskaya tower after a long repair , a swiss watchmaker mark konradzi tuned in to beat out the melody of an austrian ditty. oh my dear august, which was composed in vienna in the seventeenth century during plague. there were such words that it was not a day, it was a holiday, and now one plague of a mountain of corpses is a plague, lie down in the grave in august, everything is gone. a terrible prophecy sounded from the kremlin tower the whole next year, while the plague was raging, the terrible moore was also remembered for the fact that for the first time the russian authorities began to apply comprehensive measures against the epidemic, and the people responded to this with a traditional russian point, senseless and merciless.

they still argue about how the plague got to moscow , either it itself arose from unsanitary conditions, or whether the infection was brought in by soldiers returning from the turkish war, or perhaps the disease was brought along with foreign goods, most likely it came. she slept in the northern black sea region and the russian-turkish war, most likely, came. it is just the same, on turkish wool , and it is not by chance that in moscow the first, who felt it on themselves, were manufactories, a handicraft shop, it was there that these

cases first started. uh, diseases and very, very fast deaths. trade is always going on until the plague does not always come. here it turns out that in most cases , major infections came when a huge military contingent was being redeployed. that is to say, the plague will side by side with the war and destroy the empire at the most crucial and most difficult moment for its existence. x lefortovo in a small hospital, which was headed by dr. athanasius shafonsky, the first officer who participated in the russian-turkish war dies, then 14 more people, and in december 1770 afanasy shafonsky diagnoses the first case of the plague, and

reports about it, but, but he doesn’t straightaway believed. a foreign doctor who was in charge of all moscow hospitals from flies to convince the governor-general of moscow, count pyotr saltykov, that this was not a plague at all, but black fifth bodies who died only a bedsore and he refused to diagnose this disease, which he just reproached for that causes unsanitary conditions, which was true, but it was a stone in the garden. there were more and more patients , the doctors demanded to declare a quarantine, but the governor reported to catherine that it would be impossible to close moscow in any way. can't be done in such a great city. so many people eat imported food. khachem. by that time, the plague was already raging at the moscow cloth manufactory from january to march 1771. 130 people died at the factory, the owners of the cloth yard tried to hide it and

secretly. plague corpses were buried at night. directly under the fence, catherine orders to put up outposts at the entrance to the city to fumigate all visitors with smoke, send them to quarantine, and keep the state council over the fire before sending them. uh, reporting empress. what? well, it's not like the plague. and why these complex events? there was another problem here. this is accounting, and the number of cases. ah, dark people. i was very afraid of what we were afraid of in the hospital of doctors, so uh, hmm it was impossible to read the exact number of victims, that is, the case of harboring the sick, and the flax itself was buried, for example, the dead, and therefore the empress reports that, well, in moscow, it seems, how few people die from this uh, some kind of fever was called then. in june 1771, moscow officials removed all restrictive measures remove the cordons and dissolve the quarantine barracks, and the result

was not long in coming in july , the death rate was 400-500 people a day. and it was at this time that carrots first appeared, and they had to walk around and clean up the corpses. convicts who were sentenced either to death or to long terms of imprisonment dense cap, he even looked like pupae from the clan such a priori and a long long mountain. and mittens impregnated with resin. one kind of nurtus caused polyplyptic horror in black pros. resin hoodies. they pulled the dead out of their houses with long iron hooks, not allowing their relatives to say goodbye to them according to the orthodox rite of convicts with a death sentence, but they called them in and it was they who were used to pull the corpses out of those houses where no one was left alive, by the way, they accused them of that sometimes

they dragged out and still alive. well, dead corpses were also taken outside the city, where they were buried in common graves. this is how the danilovskoye vagankovskaya and imidskaya cemeteries appeared. nearly a thousand people die every day in moscow by autumn over the city is a death knell. you believe that bells purify, heal the air, drive out pestilence in the wind, that is , epidemics, and indeed, when there were epidemics, uh, as a rule, the bells in all churches rang continuously, and then there were the chimes on the spasskaya tower. every hour they beat off a terrible melody about the viennese drunkard augustus, who fell into a common grave with plague corpses and slept there all night, a terrible chime through the streets in an endless stream, they are drawn to a cart with bodies eaten by ulcers. on every corner bonfires are burning. from juniper dung , it was believed that it disinfected the air

saturated with hog in this weighty book. the description of the world ulcer, which was published by doctorshafonsky 250 years ago, here is a lot of the most different. septov, how to treat the plague here, and ordinary vinegar and kvass, and even sour cabbage soup, it was recommended for plague buboes to wrap a cake of flour or baked onions garlic helps a lot when crushed and applied to a sore spot, one could laugh at the medical views of the eighteenth century if only in xxi century, in at the very beginning of the epidemic, quida, people did not buy up all the stocks of ginger root in supermarkets. it has been known since biblical times as dilapidated. testament - this is god's punishment in the form of painful growths that falls on the philistines in the 6th century ad , the so-called justinian plague came from egypt to europe and, according to modern estimates, claimed more than 100 million lives. it was the first

pandemic in world history, even then people assumed that the disease was transmitted through the air and from person to person and the first defense. from this scourge can be quarantine from the italian numeral 40. the italian word quaranta and it was in italy e in the xiv century, by the way, that this is connected with the plague incoming ships and countries where the prosperous under the plague were kept on the high seas, they were not allowed to enter venice for 40 days, but we know that this is an excessive measure of the incubation period for uh, the plague is 7 days, it is no coincidence that the plague is the main horseman of the apocalypse, followed by war, famine and death itself on a white horse with a cruel op breaks into cities and devastates entire countries. terrible torments will fall before him, and slaves and kings self-made all are equal before

the black death. and if you look at vasnetsov's picture of the warriors of the apocalypse there, like horses, yes, war, hunger and death, so that's the plague, it is also depicted with a crown. how the plague is transmitted in russia, they knew that isolation was needed back in the 17th century, under alexei mikhailovich , the queen and heir were sent for quarantine , first to the trinity-sergius lavra, and then to the kalyazinsky monastery she went all the way with bonfires and burning coals, unlike us from european cities. eh, anyway. uh, sonority of the population population density is not so high and another important point. this is, of course, a climate in cold conditions.

you understand all these carriers. they freeze very quickly. and, by the way, freezing was one of the most common methods of fighting. here, or vice versa, it was necessary to burn out uh with fire, destroy uh property, uh, that was infected. in the same quarantine charter, it was stated that the goods were coming from abroad. he must be looked at. it must be laid out in the cold, it is there for 2 weeks. well, for different goods were different terms should be washed out. from the catastrophic plague epidemics that devastated europe in the middle ages, russia was saved for the time being by the harsh climate. a simple custom is to go to the bathhouse and heat it black at + 55 °, these clouds and bacteria that cause the plague, the so-called blue ones, they die. and if it

went to the bath. at the same time, you will wash yourself, so one of these key factors is that in russia there was little plague or borovaya yazana, the so-called hmm commitment to visiting. vani keep the body clean in the noisy summer of 71, everything was closed. for a russian person to close the baths. this is a big problem, in principle connected with his way of life, because ours was visited three times a week while the europeans. in the beautiful vorochny xviii century, what were called ladies washed under the deltas. that's what you can see, then we washed, and hygiene and cleanliness for ours, it is primordially innate, it has always been the alpha-omega of their

existence, and here i can’t go to the bathhouse. and what should i do, but then it turns out dirt, unsanitary conditions and an additional way to spread over and over again, when count orlov arrives from st. petersburg at the behest of catherine, he will not only open all the baths in the capitals, but also build new, by the way, wine and vodka shops. they were open, but uh selling alcohol. it was made through two double doors. special doors on one side , then a gap, and on the other side a bottle was placed a cup with uh, leavened thick or vinegar money was dropped there and only then the person took it away, the sale of alcohol also did not benefited in moscow, robberies began, looting breaks the graves of those who died from the plague, and taking off their clothes for sale. that

is, there was also a shortage of clothes; people gave clothes from the sick. they fell ill again in moscow, they decided to walk all the clothes of the sick, and the murtuses, who did not stand on ceremony, did this, which remained from the dead, and then they began to burn entire houses. people found themselves on the street with nothing and without food, there was a rumor that the mother of god outlined the muscovites since for 30 years now, they did not pray to the bogolyubsky icon, installed on the barbarian gate in kitai-gorod. carl took pity on the extra relief, and instead of a knee he sent fruit drink, bow to the virgin let her take punishment from us. the lord began a pilgrimage through the barbarian gates with processions of the cross , they put up a ladder and climbed in turn to kiss

the icon of the moscow archbishopric. trying to stop it, and he banned the religious procession prayer, and the money that was collected, sealed. well, this, of course, was perceived by ordinary people. yes, like something impossible yes, what is this punishment, we need god we are forbidden to pray and, accordingly, a riot began. e hmm what a crowd of angry people. uh, they incited them there, uh, by talking about the fact that he was robbing the virgin zabra in russia. l myself this money. his actions look deliberate so that people do not gather and kiss the icon. you understand what it led to. actually, yes to further distribution. uh, the disease was dying. that's over a thousand people a day. this is a huge mortality rate. science will say it is impossible to hold church services to hold religious processions to venerate the miraculous

icon, because you are transmitting the infection. and your religiosity will say that this is my last chance. especially if i do not belong to high society, if i am a commoner and i have nothing more than this icon at the gate. i have, in addition to faith and hope in the intercession of god or the mother of god, it is permissible. here's what will precede the plague boom with the first year. by that time, the archbishops were already in conflict with the clergy. he forbade bidding for places in parishes in his instructions, and in the stream he advised the priests to take communion, those dying of the plague only through the window, which caused bewilderment to cleanse without touching the sick person himself without a funeral service, take the sick to the cemetery and bury them outside moscow and then perform the funeral service in absentia. in addition, he changed

the wrapping of juniper branches around the places of accumulation of patients at the danilovsky ugreshsky and simonov monastery, special quarantine points were made and it was there that the sick were taken. uh, well, actually, and as the author of the first epidemiology textbook or the first manual or he gave instructions, but a written description of how to behave as clergymen. how to behave with the sick, how to behave with the dead, that is, in fact, these are the beginnings of epidemiological e, warning measures sounded the alarm and the crowd rushed to look for ambrosia, defeated the chudov monastery and the rest of the archbishops, but the clergyman had already managed to leave for the donskoy monastery. rebels.

they rushed there, fished out the gates, and broke in with them, spinning in simple monastic clothes , climbed onto the choirs in a large robe. here is a large cathedral of the donskoy monastery were inside the crowd burst into the temple, burst into the altar , and recognized the bishop. and you saw on the harpa they dragged him down, and in his once he was killed not far from the holy gates, he was simply torn to pieces. a memorial cross was erected on the site in the soviet years, it was broken, but the believer transferred the fragments to the cathedrals by the archbishop, avrosia, his body was washed and buried like a motherfucker. in the small cathedral

, a tombstone was subsequently installed on the burial site. there was a stand on which the metro was lying. this very valuable tombstone detail was lost. people hacked into the monastery cellar , where the barrels of wine were stored, emptied them and came to the consensus that the plague was specially brought to moscow in order to destroy the orthodox people, they began to smash the monastery quarantines and knock down doctors. by some miracle , the head of the plague hospitals, danila smailovich, escaped death, when the distraught crowd began to beat him, he named himself under the doctor and he was spared. he was a unique person for his time. voluntarily, remaining contagious moscow to save the sick samoylovich

tried to take. this is poison uh, purulent poison here from the secretions of buboes and on the basis of them build them with a weakened poison. imagine, he, uh, invented the microscope there and tried to find arousal and started trying to vaccinate against the plague. trial. the female gets sick with the plague, but suffers it in a mild form . it was not possible to convince someone else of the correctness of the method. and then the main thing struck, the commander of moscow fled, as you know, the whole elite fled and everything left and the city was in general. 2-3 days the boom was suppressed by general pyotr yeropkin, having despaired of understanding the crowd and having received a couple of cobblestones from the rebels. he resorted to extreme measures. the general, yeropkin, placed cannons in front of the kremlin gates, ordered to shoot with blank charges, but this

only inflamed the crowd, the rioters saw that there were no dead among them, and the mother of god herself screamed at us and rushed to the assault. then they had already begun to shoot with buckshot and red square turned red with blood. by this time , count orlov arrived in moscow with bags of money and, in addition to the nudity, began to use very weighty gingerbread. money they began to distribute to those who helped care for the sick and who were sent to quarantine houses, for each day of your stay you receive from 10 to 15 kopecks. i'll tell you now the price of the price to start a kilogram of beef, in those days it cost 7 kopecks of flour, it cost 20-25 kopecks. that is, a person stayed there, not only could he feed himself, he

could also return some of the money to his family, but that's not all after you served quarantine, there is from two to eight weeks. now the quarantine has left, you are given from 10 to 15 rubles. average salary official in moscow was 12 rubles. that is, people were left with money. orlov also ordered to buy new clothes for people in quarantine to merchants who suffered losses from pogroms and stop trading . he appointed compensation payments. the number of quarantines of infectious tanks increases. from one bunch of frequencies, that is, such a general cleaning. he smashed the whole of moscow if i'm not mistaken in 27 polling stations, and in each at the site, he assigned his teams to quarantine

teams, and the teams that cleaned up, which were cleaned. uh, by the way, moscow was cleaned up, and even to the point that homeless animals were killed, because the kremlin chimes were also hotbeds, playing about dear august at the reconfiguration. but on the butt bell fell silent, forever the empress ordered count orlov to cut off his tongue, and this is more like cutting the tongue is a punishment for a criminal person. and there is an analogy here. it's actually a language attached to a metal earring, which when casting the bell. yes, e with is attached here in its upper part and the tongue is attached to it in the tongue attachment system there are different. what exactly was here, i can not say. well, that is, count orlov, this tongue of a saber could not be cut, it is unlikely that the saber could swing inside the bell, it is very inconvenient, and er, of course, there sometimes could and could have been with metal fasteners, therefore, of course, cutting the language

of the ecologist. it's a figure of speech stripped of language. by the end of autumn, the plague left the main result of the epidemic was catherine’s decree on the construction of the first moscow water pipeline from mytishchi to the rostokinsky kveduk, so that people would no longer drink from the yauza and neglinka, which became sewer channels at the beginning of the plague riot. all the glory went to the favorite of the empress in honor of grigory orlov, on the orders of catherine ii , a triumphal arch was built in tsarskoye selo. unheard of at that time, the case for the fact that he saved moscow from misfortune established order and obedience to the orphan. we have delivered sustenance to the poor and healing and the ferocity of the plague prissёl his good institutions.