bell this is a kind of figure of speech deprived of language. by the end of autumn, the plague had left the first place, and the main result of the epidemic was catherine's decree on the construction of the first moscow water supply system from mytishchi, the rostokinsky kveduk, so that people would no longer drink from the yauza and neglinka, which had become sewer channels by the beginning of the plague riot, the favorite went to the empress in honor of grigory orlov by order of catherine ii , a triumphal arch was built in tsarskoe selo. she did something unheard of at that time for delivering moscow from misfortune, establishing order and the obedience of the sire. we delivered food and healing to the poor, and the ferocity of the plague sat down with our good institutions.

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catherine was terribly afraid of the world epidemic, in addition to the plague, smallpox constantly mowed down the population of the russian empire. and this, of course, sometimes directly influenced the course of political history itself, if we recall the events of january 1730, when the fourteen-year-old emperor peter ii, the grandson of peter the great, died of smallpox, the last representative of the male representative of the romanov dynasty died

secondly, this is right there lead to the dynastic crisis and the whole subsequent history connected with conditions and with all other things in england, they begin to actively instill a black brain from purulent dads on the body of a patient, they took an already dying virus for transplanting a healthy person. they took a needle , placed it in a vial, in which the vial of the patient yes, who had the causative agent of this smallpox, and applied scarification. well, that is , they did a scratch on the skin. variation - this is the latin name for smallpox variola was known, even in the ottoman empire from there the method ended up in england catherine found out about this count panin was entrusted with a secret mission to secretly find the most effective doctor, the choice fell on thomas 1c dale and he was persuaded

to come to the russian empress. first, she was offered to vaccinate her son. she said, it would be a shameful weakness uh, hmm not start yourself . and as you remember, when this epidemic began in the spring, ah, catherine first moved from one palace to another, she fled, she was afraid, because she had her own experience. peter ii would die. lord peter iii, her future man is not a laboratory. her favorite, countess sheremetyeva, died on the eve of the wedding, that is, death was everywhere and, as she writes, then to friedrich, and the situation turned out to be so vile that she came down from great weakness. sleeping child. they wrapped me in a blanket and at night they brought me through a secret passage to the tsar’s chamber of the winter palace in my hands

the inoculations. we can assume that ekaterina was variolated either with a scalpel or with an instrument, possibly similar to the one which is in my hands. in any case, at that time, the type and purpose of the instruments changed extremely slowly. now, if we talk about catherine, the reality was carried out. how did an incision in the skin through which a thread soaked with pus was pulled, thus pus and ripened empty. they took markov, soaked the thread in the cut material and dragged this thread through the cut. after transferring the terrible virus from hand to hand, the next morning, catherine left here for tsarskoye selo to expect how everything would end, but there was fear. why in those times, two out of 100 people died from inoculation of smallpox. thomas dimmesdale did not leave

catherine a single step of her condition. he described in detail in a treatise the current method of inoculating smallpox on the fifth day. the empress became ill, felt trembling, which was followed by feverish fever and restlessness throughout her body , the circulation of blood in the body much. there was also a feeling of heaviness and dizziness in the head, pain and numbness of the arm. catherine ii had all the signs of smallpox, even the pope appears on the skin of the empress and thomas dim did is near 30 and carefully recorded all her symptoms, and according to legend, catherine ordered to keep a harnessed carriage. uh, here in tsarskoye selo, and she signed a letter of protection, so that in the event of her death, thomas dimsel could leave, uh, russia , and he would have no reason or no harm.

well, everything worked out, catherine recovered, then in the same way they instilled the heir of the future emperor paul i here and it’s completely easy. he endured this procedure, which, thank god, also recovered and his family was given a noble a title, and an annual salary and a new surname about the back on the coat of arms of alexander the successful, a hand from a purulent papule squeezes a red rose of a newly-made nobleman. they assigned him to the cadet corps, but he could not bear the fallen glory, he lost his way and did not make a quarry and left no heirs. at the end of the 18th century, which was called enlightened even in europe, attitudes towards smallpox vaccinations were ambiguously believed that this only exacerbated epidemics. in fact, there are no guarantees that a person will have a mild form of smallpox, one could to vaccinate a person with severe smallpox at once, and thus the vaccine might not work.

in addition, this was often done in unsanitary conditions, that is, there was no teaching on the hygiene of antiseptics at that time. therefore, a person could be vaccinated against smallpox in this way, but die from blood poisoning. well, roughly speaking, the variation was even banned by the parisian parliament in 1762. soon, king louis xv of france , louis xv, catherine ii did not hide her indignation from smallpox. already self-protected. she wrote that it's important that i'm sorry dear, enlightened europe we in russia are already doing this. that was a higher level, of course, it was, uh, noted in honor of the vaccination, and the ace by catherine even minted a medal that was awarded to doctors on one side. we see the profile of the emperor. tsy she is the opposite, an allegory is presented, we see a woman with a child by this empress and her son pavel petrovich, and

a woman bows to them. this is an allegory of russia that thanks the empress for the institution of vaccination in the country. for a long time, a unique message was kept in one of the frequent russian collections. catherine ii to the governor-general of little russia, count peter rumyantsev, along with a portrait of the empress by the levitsky artist, a letter was sold at a london auction for almost a million pounds sterling, in which catherine gives the order to open walled houses, glory. god doesn't need it. uh, you don't need big money for a hospital bed. you can even use the monastery monasteries for this. compound take money from the city treasury, yes, pay, and doctors and in general introduce propaganda among the people of the 19th century in

russia, real vaccination is already being used from the latin word va and grafted with blood according to the method of the english physician edward jenn, it was noticed that a woman who works with cows. darka milkmaids they ate you. these observations led to the conclusion that a cow island can protect a person from a terrible disease from a natural island. to popularize vaccinations among the people, popular prints are printed on them in an accessible language, they explain that the girl’s children could well have remained beautiful if their face had not been spoiled by smallpox. don’t be scared so we were. we are not worse than you our fathers forgot us, cow, they didn’t instill smallpox, as the alluvial attacked, so they plowed our face.

what kind of ubiquitous pictures restorers still find under the lids of the chests of county doctors of the early 19th century about 50,000 inoculation pictures, both color and black and white, printed on a beauty, a smart girl, all well dressed in her hand, and the other such all terrible hand is all dotted, this is because that she had smallpox. and now one is jealous of the other, and the second says to her you don’t envy your parents’ fault of propaganda was not much different from modern company from vaccination remaining on hand. if this vaccination among the people, they called it nothing more than the seal of the antichrist, the people, despite the fact that they were vaccinated, managed to evaporate these vaccinations in the bathhouse and somehow even suck them out. in general, there were antiquities, and so on.

at the beginning of the 19th century, cholera comes to russia from india, as it happened before, along with the troops that returned after the wars with persia and turkey , the tsarist authorities first of all block the roads. a person killed people, literally dried up , all moisture left him and a person could die on the second on the third day, that is, a very quick death. uh, it's really scary, and when they appeared, and the news that cholera could get into st. petersburg, uh , special regulations are issued by the government of st. , infectious tanks alexander sergeevich pushkin for a guarantee for 3 months, it turns out to be locked in a boldino name, a wedding is postponed with natalia hound. i was told that five quarantines had been arranged from here to moscow, and

i would have to spend 14 days in each. count well. and besides, imagine in what a bad mood i must be. in fact, in moscow there are 14 cordons, the poet is trying to break through and collide at the crossing with men armed with clubs , who, according to alexander sergeevich , did not themselves understand what they were doing here, offered them a silver ruble, the men agreed with me , transported me and wished me many years. he tried to bribe. uh, here are the peasants, uh, quarantine. e. so even he succeeded, but, e, in the next quarantine. pushkin was still detained. they no longer help to pass and it doesn’t work for the gun. the most fruitful creative period is coming boldin autumn on self-isolation, he finishes writing eugene onegin composes belkin 's tales conducts correspondence receives punctured letters through these holes at the post office they disinfected

correspondence with sulfuric smoke or bleach, the poet with bichon and in a letter to the composer alexei verstovsky does not hold back emotions. how unpleasant it is to receive punctured letters, so it is impossible not to rub, you scratch, that cholera is treated like ordinary milk poisoning and oil fasting and does not share the quarantine measures of the tsarist authorities, damned cholera, a cruel joke of fate. the people are looking for a term, not understanding strictly the need and preferring the evil of the unknown and the mysterious to their unusual embarrassment, rebellions break out here and there in the summer of 1831. in st. petersburg , pogroms began to spread throughout the city. rumors that terrestrial doctors are spreading reason and poisoning people in the hospital, doctors began to be caught on street and beat them down and force them to eat chlorine,

which was found on them by the minister of the interior, which at that time was closed. he created a very strict quarantine system, and it literally paralyzed the economic life of the country, that is, it was also not easy. here, eyewitnesses in sovremennik recall such pictures, and a decree was adopted. yes, he naturally , he is the definition of a quarantine barate of people who have erupted. well, since they filled up very quickly, the houses in which infected patients were found were also closed. well, imagine the st. petersburg courtyards of jelly, and literally stabbed. people could not get out, but you understand, yes, that i need food to eat, in general, some needs, and therefore, these doors also broke down several doctors killed right on the street, and then they stormed and destroyed the central calliard hospital. on sennaya square, doctors were thrown out of windows, and the sick were dragged out on beds and carried in their arms, trying to prove to everyone that they were healthy. troops led to petersburg, arrested the instigators, and

returned to the capital from the peterhof royal quarantine. emperor on sennaya square, surrounded by semyonovsky's guards. shelf. nicholas addressed the people with a speech and supposedly. not afraid to get infected, he even kissed one of the rebels on people. this worked and the people dispersed, and the scene of the pacification of the cholera riot. then they immortalized the har-relief of the monument to the king. according to one of the legends, the emperor took out a strap of mercury solution, which was then also treated for cholera with all of them. thus demonstrating that it is not a poison. the announcement of the emperor did not help literally a few days later, in the novgorod province, a cholera riot flares up with new unprecedented force in staraya russa, an angry crowd looking for poisoners torn apart by more than 100 people to death beat two generals and

15 doctors rebelled their military settlements on the orders of alexander i planted counts, it was not the best idea of ​​​​the king to translate army for self-sufficiency. while some are fighting, others are plowing and harvesting, but the general zealously carried out the order of the king. here is a ceremonial portrait, in which alexei andreevich against the background only that from the slender military barracks, instilling military settlers not far from their name. they were not very happy with such a barracks life and often rebelled. this experiment had already lasted for several years and the experiment was going hard, so the military settlers, in general, had a lot of reasons for dissatisfaction. and then, uh, the cholera epidemic. she became such a trigger. yes, this one, in the end, all this broke out and such a really short-lived rebellion resulted, but very bloody and senseless and merciless, and then, as they say, it coincided, the main army units sent to suppress

the polish uprisings remained workers battalions arable soldiers their children were contanists who were trained in elementary military schools, just then the cholera came. i waited for the military settlements to take action. in general, from the point of view of the military settlers. these are the same peasants. yes, they look quite sinister. uh, when graves are dug in advance in order to bury the dead as soon as possible. well, people, of course, have some suspicions and fears, and the headquarters of the military was located. settlements of 11 killed officers, then they were buried in pre-dug graves, at this place there used to be a memorial cross, but now only a pedestal from it remains. in the neighboring garrison of the muravyov barracks, these officers were simply lined up on the parade ground and right in front of our eyes. their families, who watched all this from the windows of their houses. uh, one of the villagers took turns chopping their savleys, such was

the execution, the execution was arranged. the officers of staraya russe overdid the quarantine measures, they began to fumigate the barracks and the soldiers were driven out into the street by several of them when the settlers fell ill, they decided that they were specially poisoned to explain the purpose of fumigating the premises, or they didn’t want to or simply could n’t . we are in the doctor's barracks, a village in the novgorod region, where very tragic events took place during the cholera riot. yes, the settlement grabbed officers, beat them, killed them. and well, specifically, we are in the remains of the building where the hospital for the sick was located then. yes, including them too. and so that this is where all these events unfolded. it was the apotheosis. markete

gubernia was left almost without doctors, the rebels. did they catch another cholera sufferer , kill them, and then send dispatches to the tsar with a report that they neutralized the poisoner? they literally tortured these unfortunate officers there, and knocked out a confession that they really poisoned, there were wells crops and so on, that they wanted to poison uh military settlers, and then they sent a deputation to nikolai with these papers with these confessions the first nicholas accepted them. well, of course there was such a naive attempt. yes, justify yourself. the tsar responded with some delay to the novgorod province brought in additional troops and the crowd opened fire. the cholera riot was quickly suppressed by the perpetrators of the murders with a biliknut, if they survived after that they were sent to the frame, and the rest of the participants in the rebellion were driven through the steering wheel. each received several thousand blows, some 200 people hit this one, where

the corn was not transferred. during the year of the pre-cholera riot in sevastopol, a plague broke out differed in that the rebellion was an epidemic was not . why did local officials come up with to cash in on quarantine, it lasted 2 years, when in novorossia, mainly kherson odessa , a really ferocious plague, the russian-turkish war ended in 1829 . there was a need to lift quarantine measures , quarantine restrictions, but even these soft restrictions made it possible to enrich a significant part of officials who stayed in sevastopol and suddenly in october 1829. here, in quarantine , a plague is found, we cannot say today whether it really was so or whether it was one

of the first falsifications, nevertheless , quarantine measures began to tighten. and food and goods were allowed to enter the city only through quarantine services. everyone who wanted to enter had to burn their clothes , go through the procedure of fumigation with smoke and wait in quarantine for 2 weeks. cases are described that some swindlers and left and left officials and merchants outbid. just wagon trains with food were already brought to the settlements, reselling them inflates prices several times. the city authorities , the chief of police, the commandant of the city, conspired and cubic fathoms, which cost 18 rubles. they managed through various frauds, by the way, at the auction, they also led to the fact that the city bought this firewood for 140-150 rubles. well,

the city didn’t have any money anyway, selling special tin signs that allowed you to move freely around the city, they were issued by officials from the commission for the fight against time, but there were special passes. eh, and for the people who came there to sell and trade something, and for high- ranking officials, for example, the city center here was the most preferential. there were no such strict quarantine measures. people also felt it, saw it, heard it. there were no medicines, there was no cold or plague in sevastopol, therefore, for preventive purposes, swimming in the sea was organized . lives in sevastopol that in winter the sea is very cold and in fact, there are such winds here that

it is actually from any healthy person can make a sick person ended where the city authorities. everything is very bad, the crowd tore the governor-general nikolai stolypin, quarantine inspector and brigade commander. the people began to smash the houses of officials. the garrison of sevastopol refused to suppress the uprising, the rebels captured the commandant of the city tuchaninov and the cat admiralovkalovsky, who led the quarantine cordon under pain of death, they were forced to issue a receipt stating that the plague in the city was gone and the quarantine was lifted a day later , troops were brought into sevastopol, the riot stopped , the aristos began, and the proceedings of the quarantine officials were also punished. and by the way, six commission agents were punished. these are the people who participated in these corrupt purchases, but the emperor pardoned almost everyone. a total of seven people were executed,

what does this say? this suggests that the higher authorities still understood and recognized the situation that took place here, they were, of course, horrified. epidemics and related riots tormented russia several more times in the answer to quarantine was rebelled by the tamburskaya province of the volga region, the khvalynsky cholera riot of 1892 ended with the assassination of the head of the sanitary commission, dr. molchanov , the causative agents of terrible diseases were discovered and effective vaccines were created, which made it possible to forget about smallpox, the plague and cholera brought to mankind no less terrible epidemics. spaniard. sleeping ebola coronavirus. for the second year now, the planet has been tormented , only diseases change, and people in their prejudices largely remain. the same as 200 years

ago.

we continue to monitor developments

events in the dpr, the russian military as a result of a missile attack destroyed the points of temporary deployment of units of the armed forces of ukraine in the village. more than 200 ukrainian servicemen were liquidated in konstantinovka, another 280 were evacuated by comparisons of varying severity, this was reported by the ministry of defense. in addition, in the kramatorsk region, as a result of a strike on an echelon , 200 tons of apu ammunition were destroyed at the railway station, russian paratroopers are holding the line. in the kamensky forest, this is the lugansk republic , only a few hundred meters to the enemy’s position. the front line is working and our correspondent margarita semenyuksky line considers the time before dawn to be the safest here , a few kilometers on foot in complete darkness, we are heading to the first line of contact temporarily under control.