hello. kirill vyshinsky is with you, and this program is a typical novorossiya. our name says it all, we are talking about the territory that returned to its historical roots - novorossiya with the help of a careful look at history. we

will try to reveal the originality of her present day, find both typical features and recognizable signs of the past. and that's what we'll talk about today. one of the victories that brought may 9 closer the battle for the donbass mius front, why donbass was of strategic importance for the germans a conversation with a program expert, he bombed berlin in 1942 is twice a hero at 20. the further we move away from the may days of 1945, the more obvious it becomes without big and small victories in different years. the great patriotic war would not have been the main victory, and along with the largest battles at stalingrad and on the kursk bulge

, the donbass offensive operation in the summer of autumn was of great importance for maya forty-fifth, 43 victoriously carried out on the lands of present-day novorossia. they called the donbass region in the eastern level before the war. he gave more than 60% of the total allied coal production. here smelted 40% of iron and 23% of steel produced almost a quarter of all rolled products in the country donbass was the most important center of heavy and medium engineering in the soviet union forty-first hitler believed that the rapid capture of this region would greatly increase it. become a winner in october 41 german italian troops entered stalin's current donetsk occupation of donbass stretched for almost 2 years for a long 700 days of 41 to

43. over 220,000 civilians were killed here. including 30,000 jews, the germans shot 150,000 soviet prisoners of war over 250,000 inhabitants. donbass were driven away to germany and turned into slaves there, according to the memoirs of the german film manstein in the winter of forty-third at meetings, zaporozhye, hitler said that it was absolutely impossible to give the enemy. donbass even time. if you lose this area, we will not be able to provide raw materials for our liberation war industry. the soviets had donbass. already in may forty-two, however , the failure of the kharkov operation that year put an end to them, in the winter of forty-three the red army again went on the offensive was liberated, voroshilovgrad now, lugansk then managed to recapture slavyansk and kramatorsk

. however, the germans went on the counterattack, our troops managed to hold lugansk, but had to leave the already liberated cities of the donetsk region, kramatorsk and slavyansk, the defeat of the germans in july august, 43 on the kursk bulge and the successful attack on the belgorod kharkov direction created new conditions for liberation. donbass, the task was not easy ; the germans built strong fortified here. three lines. defense. they were called the meuz front. hitler considered it the eastern border of germany, which the soviet troops were not supposed to overcome, but our soldiers

still did it. the national history of the young guard is known, perhaps, to everyone here they grew up generations. the young guard is, of course, a symbol. well, not only for the lugansk region, but for our entire russia, it is a symbol of courage. uh, loyalty and love for the motherland, and of course, the young generation now that defends the luhansk people's republic is fighting against ukrainian neo-fascism. of course, they were brought up on the feat of the hero of the young guard , because many of these guys. they were in the museum of the young guard. when they studied at schools, many of them were once accepted here as pioneers. someone was accepted by the komsomol e. now , uh, youth, we accept, uh, this memorial to the young army today. the main, memorable landmark of the city of shura, the abandoned mine number five, became a mass grave for krasnodon molodogvardeytsy in january 1943, before the arrival of ours, there was less than a month left on the granite slabs of ali and the memory of those

who died at the hands of the nazis and those who managed to survive the occupation, and then reach berlin in a victorious throw, which began for them right here. in the donbass land the victory in stalingrad, won by the sweat and blood of soviet soldiers, allowed the headquarters to make new plans. breaking further to the west, general vatutin is developing operation leap during this winter offensive of 1943 the northern part of the donbass will be liberated , the matchmaker of rovenki krasny liman rubezhnoye kremennaya and, of course, voroshilovgrad itself, the current luhansk, the germans were not going to retreat, they carried out a series of counterattacks. and the trouble was that our troops, they were going to stalingrad here, well, for 3 months in continuous battles. therefore, yes, the supply was increased, again, it was winter, snow cover, yes, that is , there were not enough resources, there were no replenishment, and here are our units weakened, including during the offensive.

they were gradually knocked out by fresh german reserves. we had to leave kharkov. this is just march 43, but we kept the district of the glad and now the front line was passing at that time. well, 20 kilometers from the city , historical knowledge on film is black-and-white newsreel and here on the walls of the luhansk museum of local lore 80 years ago, immediately after the germans withdrew, it was loaded on the pedestals of the destroyed monument to lenin today. it occupies a central place in the exposition over the past years. the red cloth has faded, but human memory has not died. the main task of liberating the donbass, it fell, of course, on southwestern and southern fronts. and the troops of the southwestern front carried out the barvenkovskoye raisin attack on the operation in july of the forty-third year, the troops of the southern front, carried out the mios attack on the operation, these operations were of a much planned nature.

there it was not only about the liberation of donbass and, in general, the eastern part of ukraine, but it was necessary to make sure that the enemy could not delay. uh, from this sector of the front, our troops to the kursk bulge, because after all, the operation on the kursk bulge. she had a strategic importance and, uh, from the outcome of this operation depended, in general, on the outcome of the entire military campaign of the forty-third year after the defeat of the wehrmacht near kursk and belgorod, the headquarters of the supreme high command concentrated on the liberation or coastal ukraine , primarily donbass, a large-scale offensive began on august 13, 1943, the length of the front was almost 1,000 km . imagine, four fronts, in fact, they attacked simultaneously even now, if you carefully study these events , it is not entirely clear where he was and whether he was the main one at all blow, that is, it was such a mahina

of a total of 2,700,000 people, this is a huge army, and the donbass itself a little more than a million people, then here we had superiority in forces two to three times compared to the germans and plus. we already had superiority at that time in aviation in artillery in mortars, therefore, despite the fact that the germans thought that they had created some kind of serious shaft there, that the russians would not pass hmm everyone laughed, this is literally 2 weeks already at the beginning of september , will slavyansk artyomovsk now bakhmut, krymatorsk, the eighth september, soviet troops will enter stalin, he is not, donetsk in parallel. in the southern direction, the troops of colonel-general tolbukhin will take possession of taganrog, after which the enemy grouping of the army, the south will be under the threat of dismemberment and destruction, and only then will hitler be allowed to retreat beyond the dnieper , the main forces of our southern front, meanwhile, took up the liberation of mariupol

under this impressive binding of operational reports and order to the 4th cavalry corps, the chief of staff of the southern front conveys stalin's demands to find weak places in the enemy defenses and capture mariupol on the calendar on september 2, 1943, in order to surround the enemy grouping , it was necessary to enter mariupol simultaneously from different directions. how to listen and from the sea, it was the actions of the amphibious assault that, in fact, paved the way for the land offensive, its task was to capture and hold the mariupol port until the units of the 44th army approached. one of the heroes of those battles was the naval trooper nikolai kozhevnikov. here is his award sheet in the column. nationality is written ukrainian. first jumped into the water, took the gangway from the boat and held it on his shoulders until the landing control was completely disembarked after disembarkation. he immediately returned to his combat post and, in wet

clothes, suppressed fire. the enemy from the machine gun at the end of the day on september 10, the report reported that the southern front was pursuing and eliminating, the retreating parts of the enemy, the nazis did not leave anything behind them, used the scorched earth tactics, when everything that had any practical value was destroyed food, residential buildings, infrastructure, livestock and, of course, the people themselves during this offensive, the red army liberated 123 settlements , including the city of mariupol and the waves, that is, by the evening i say, mariupol was completely liberated quite right, and the fighting began in the early morning, and at about 5:00 in the morning again on 30 , and by the evening the city was completely liberated from the enemy , historians estimate the donbass offensive operation as one of the most successful, the vast territory of donbass and all or coastal ukraine was cleared of the germans. in just 40 days, chasing enemy troops of the southwestern front, already on september 22 they threw back the nazis across the dnieper, so

the donbass offensive operation ended, so far back in 1943 on the tormented donbass land. finally, the long-awaited silence reigned. anna i am the seventh valery savelyev anastasia popova is a typical novorossiya. we are talking about the events of 43 years and the battle for donbass with our permanent expert historian rostislav ishchenko rostislav good afternoon. good afternoon rostislav donbass was in occupation for almost 2 years. did the germans manage to turn it into a own resource base? well, partially yes, it means, although they could not restore somewhere around 30-40% of the industry. uh, who worked in the donbass. but the fact is that they were not faced with the task of turning it completely into its entire resource base.

it was important for them to exclude the donbass as a resource base of the soviet union. when preparing the barbarossa plan, hitler demanded to concentrate e, anti-ukraine almost 40% of all e resources at a certain stage from late august to early november, taking into account the fact that the ukrainian direction was previously aimed the second galian panzer group, and in its life interests, covering its flank , the second field army operated; in fact, 60% of all german resources were directed to this direction. because absolutely correct. ukraine how to live on that of the soviet union that is, where did the food for the army come from, but the most important thing is that about 60% of the entire soviet industry was concentrated in ukraine, including what we now call the military-industrial complex and the main e, these sources of raw materials,

well, plus, ukraine is the gateway to the caucasus . the soviet union hyper-planned caucasian oil only in the forty-second year , it didn’t go there, and here it was ukraine. he set the task of occupying classes right up to rostov . first of all, i counted. this is very important and well, how do we understand? not just ukraine , you, mother, those resources are concentrated on the territory of russia, and if we are talking about large industries, then this territory of donbass in the first place. and now, well, then not only yes, but even in the soviet union, not all could guess. it will be possible to withdraw, uh, the entire heavy industry from ukraine to move it to the urals and the saural, and that by the end of the forty- second year. she will earn full-scale there and already the end of the forty-second beginning of the forty-third year. it will begin to issue products in pre-war sizes. and

it will even very quickly exceed military size, so it was fundamentally important for hitler to cut off the soviet union from the resources of the donbass. hitler insisted that this was the very line of fortification created by the donbass front. this is the eastern border germany that must not be abandoned. uh, and this despite the fact that, in fact, uh, the germans used the scorched earth tactics in the donbass. they left everything behind in ruins. why then did hitler hold on to this, as he called the eastern border of germany in a minute. well, hitler said about almost everything that he should not be left to forbid, then stalingrad. long forbidden to leave. the caucasus then forbade retreat. e with a minus front. there, einstein is simply written in their memoirs. hitler told him that if we leave, uh, the nikopol bridgehead, then we will be left without a spectator and without manganese, and in this case you will demand tanks from me

. and i could not provide them for you. so, therefore, if you want to fight, then you need to fight where i tell you, because this is not political, and political considerations too, because, for example, he was afraid that turkey might go to another camp. ah, so she didn't fight. on the side of germany, she maintained a favorable neutrality. but he was afraid of betrayal, which then happened allies of eastern europe when you read the reports of the forty-third year, the soviet troops liberated mariupol came out to the poplar are fighting for artyomovsk, it is impossible to completely abandon the shed. today, all this is very consonant, because now these parallels happen by chance or there is still some pattern in them, but the fact is that the 5 ukrainian direction in well, at least in the wars of the 20th century, was critically important, both for for russia and for

its opponents, this is and therefore, in particular , the great patriotic war. yes, she is more its degree was held in ukraine in novorossia in the donbass and in the south of russia the daily award in the caucasus. if he just remembers the configuration of the front, then near leningrad they were in a quarry and the front stabilized in the forty-first year and stood like that until the age of 44. in some places, even up to 45. so, in mm, in the central direction , the front. the first time it stabilized after the battle of moscow, which means please, almost until the forty-third year before the kursk bulge and the second time after the kursk bulge, the germans retreated there a little, which means, but then they stood until the forty-fourth year before the start of the operation of bagration of belarus but on this very in the ukrainian direction, the forty-second year is

an attempt to take it. and kharkov kerch landing. this is the time of the attempted offensive of the soviet troops, because, again , a raw material base was needed. it was necessary to be industrially born for food, so and uh , respectively, after this territory the germans zelensky exhausted their reserves, trying to keep the bang. where marinka's suit is second, people hold on there for yes no, zaporozhye, dnepropetrovsk, odessa, therefore the main events are the actual means of the german front. they developed in the ukrainian direction in particular. in novorossiya. these are all the main battles of 42-43 and the first half of 44. thank you very much for an interesting story. this young man a native of the city of lugansk, donetsk province , was like this from 20 to 25 forty-third. and

it was then that this photo was taken and he was only 23 years old, a long-range aviation pilot and already twice hero of the soviet union, his name is alexander molodchiy. the first star of the hero. he received in the fourth month of the war, the second in december forty-second, then he became the first twice hero of the soviet union among long-range aviation pilots in just the years of the war. the title of twice hero of the soviet union was given to 107 people, more than half of them combat pilots. according to the russian ministry of defense in 1991, by the time of the collapse of the ussr, there were almost 13,000 heroes of the soviet union in the country, of which more than 11,000 received their gold stars during the great patriotic war, including 227 natives of donbass, two of them became heroes

twice people of completely different military men professions and ranks gunners and tankers pilots and paratroopers soldiers and sergeants officers and generals united by immense courage and a high idea of ​​military duty to their homeland about the fate of the twice hero of the soviet union alexander bolotchev in the plot of olga mokhova 600.000 km, and in the sky 311 sorties mostly in at night , more than 200 tons of bombs dropped on enemy targets, contemporaries spoke of alexander molochny, that he was a pilot from god , a born pilot and an exceptional person. he knew how to imagine due to what the plane is in the air i remembered this saying of zhukovsky in the air everywhere a support and therefore he was, of course, uh, before a person, very

organized, clear and honest. well , gifted as a pilot. never lied, which is very characteristic, rare for a hatch. usually they embellish their achievements. alexander filled up the sky from a young age, however, like all soviet youth, in the thirties of the last century only forward and only upwards, the motto of that time, in parallel with studying at school number 13, was fond of aeromodelling. already at the age of 16, that is, the thirty-sixth year , alexander molodchiy made his first flights on a flamer in 1938 with the rank of junior lieutenant. he graduated from the well-known forge of flight personnel throughout the country, entered the city military school of pilots named after the proletariat of donbass during the years of the great patriotic dairy mastered three types of aircraft ep-2, il-4 and received under lend-lease by the american b-25 on his own initiative. he began to fly with an increased bomb load, most of the crews

did not fly like that, and he even took off with two half a ton imagines and even made a special device, but removed the limiter from the elevators, in order to undermine the plane more sharply, changed a little there due to some internal reserves and its centering. even lyoshin himself lay down to them, the regiment examined. it's so restrained. he had a negative attitude towards the overload of the aircraft , but he did not say anything so restrained, 194. 0.000 soviet long-range aircraft only about 300 remained in service. all because at first the bombers flew during the day, being attacked by german fighters and silent air defense was one of the first to master night flights. this is the most difficult time for aviation, because you actually fly on instruments along the way, it happens that there are no different landmarks, and therefore reaching the target, and in flight it takes several hours. again, clearly find the target by coordinates

to somehow navigate. it was in this that the skill of the pilot and navigator manifested itself to his crew. they entrusted the most difficult tasks in order to bomb, for example, the bridge through which the supply of the german troops that besieged leningrad went and which they guarded, as the apple of the eye, special bombs with meter keys and slowing down the explosion on the night of august 27 were used . soviet aircraft bombarded the military-industrial facilities of fascist germany; they wrote that the assembly directly silently sent a radiogram addressed to stalin, and they kept silent about the task. it is true that in this case the crew necessarily violated the regime of complete radio silence in such cases. and what before landing, the pilots received an answer. everything is clear, thank you and wish you a safe return. in

the milk crew, both the navigator and the gunners-radio operators were older than their commander, but they trusted him entirely, as a real leader , in addition to the deadly cargo dropped on enemy targets. they managed to shoot down five more enemy planes, even for fighter pilots. this would be a major success. he was a man. eh, by nature very such a groovy impudent. and perhaps that's why he didn't become a four times hero, because already after the second star, he was served twice more for numerous successful combat sorties on conferring his title of hero of the soviet union, but was limited only to the order. lenin, he repeatedly returned from the assignment as what in the song on parole and on one wing, but never left the plane in the air fought according to the recollections of his colleagues with great passion, boldly entered the enemy air defense zone, skillfully evaded enemy fighters, sharply losing altitude by the end wars, commanders, tried to keep him on

the ground, but milk was torn into the sky, all around took place to protect such experiences of pilots, because they were in all long-range aviation throughout the war. i find it difficult, but in my opinion, no more than seven young people participated in almost all the key battles? and by the time of the patriotic war he ended the war as a squadron commander and assistant commander. blowing himself in his native lugansk already in 1948, as a twice hero of the soviet union , a bronze bust was installed for him. and after some time, another one next to the native school was named after him. this year, the school has become the base for the forum of schools of heroes of the all-russian level and this one took place on the basis of our school museum. they talked about our hero , they talked about his exploits, so now the guys from all over russia know that there is such a school after the victory, alexander molodchiy, he served in long-range aviation for another 20 years. he was the first. who took off on a 3m strategic bomber with a full combat load of the airfield trace in the arctic first. who

lifted the heavy tu-16 from the unpaved airfield olga mokhova anastasia popovalis, a typical new russia? that's all we wanted to talk about. kirill was with you today vyshinsky see you soon.

russia

finances a treaty on conventional weapons in europe in the near future, this issue will be considered by natural fires in the kurgan region. 20 people have already been killed. what is the situation now and what is happening in other regions where forests are burning? what is the situation in the middle east

and how is turkey preparing for large-scale presidential and parliamentary elections already this sunday? what is the political alignment and what are the moods on the street? so the russian parliament will consider the issues of withdrawing from the treaty on conventional armed forces in europe by its official representative when considering the issue in both chambers. vladimir putin meant the deputy head of the ministry of foreign affairs, sergei ryabkov, the corresponding order has already been published. treaty on conventional armed forces in europe was signed in 1990. initially , six countries of the warsaw pact, including the soviet union, became parties to the agreement.