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hello kirill vyshinsky, and this program is a typical novorossiya, our name says it all, we are talking about the territory that returned to its historical roots - novorossiya with the help of a careful look at history. we will try to reveal the originality of her present day, find both typical features and recognizable signs of the past. and so, oh what will we talk about today.

aspiring, how the germans in the 19th century mastered novorossiya, how the protestants got along with the orthodox and what the colonists brought to these lands a conversation with an expert of the program russian fenimore cooper and the steppe prairies romance of the pioneers of russia , the german colonists, stood apart. the main thing that distinguished them from other newcomers to this land was faith, in contrast to the greeks and armenians who moved from the crimea. from settlers and slobozhany of little russia and great russian germans. about a quarter of them were not orthodox catholics. the rest belonged to various protestant

denominations, lutheran reformed minanites, but this did not interfere with getting along with others. according to the manifesto of catherine ii, german colonists observed tolerance in the new territories. although they received generous benefits during the resettlement. they were exempted from military civil service from the often devastating military service. wait, they didn't take all sorts of things from them. zhe taxes, but work and they had to settle down in simple conditions. the steppe and arid climate of novorossia required special efforts in agriculture, the main occupation of the colonists, in fact, the germans. the foundations of industrial agriculture were laid here in order to preserve moisture in the soil and achieve high yields , the settlers introduced in novorossia the technology of deep plowing and black fallow, constant loosening and weeding of weeds free from

the village of land. to do this, we set up the production of special equipment , we had to work a lot, but the results were impressive. soon after moving to the 700,000 hectares of land allocated by the government, the colonists themselves bought more than 4 million from the middle of the 19th century from the annual sale of grain exported abroad. they received under a million rubles, with silver, the germans in novorossia were engaged in breeding corun sheep, from the wool of which potassium is an excellent window for the development of sheep breeding. nikolai sold land in the kherson province to the german duke from the ore of ascania for literally priceless only eight kopecks per hectare to another german dynasty created a new huge unique reserve in astana. with the outbreak of the crimean

war in 1854, novorossiya became the rear base of the russian army, the german colonists participated in the transfer of troops, supplied them with food and supplies, collected donations in hospitals. where german doctors worked to deliver the wounded. none of these people spared no effort to protect their new motherland about the trace left in the history of the development of novorossia by german settlers in the story anna efimova oni naringoldovna traditionally puts in order your garden. german pedantry makes itself felt. everything must be neat and in its place. we put her under the wing not as a director in the local farm all her life, like her ancestors. german colonists are engaged in the cultivation of agricultural crops, because

they always say without difficulty that they are always accustomed to this, that we do it for ourselves, we do it for people, the mother is russian , the father is ethnically german, who, however, considered donbass to be his homeland here. he returned from fascist slavery immediately after at the end of the great patriotic war, as a 13-year-old teenager, he, along with his sisters and brother , was taken to germany, how did the war end? they again came here in germany, dad, he told me all the time. says i was going through krakow. when did he come here? the sisters also arrived, because they all lived together on the collective farm, now the collective farm of ukraine in the telmanovsky district. there in this dimitrov they lived by the labors and love

of ordinary people . german colonists, who in the distant 18th century were diligently attracted to the steppe of donbass , were great not only in the privileges they provided when moving, but also in demand. and this special legal term then all the time was the farmer who owned the land. under the special colonist law, the colonies received a really certain amount of land, which they had to cultivate. that is one of the reasons. why did they demand precisely people who would work, if someone threw the ground, then naturally such a feature was automatically confiscated, but if the son of a colonist did not want to plow the land of the germans, they were attracted without an extreme degree of wild field. how many preferences from the russian crown, how much pragmatic calculation boasted by religious wars and semi-fragmented europe, many then were , to put it mildly, uncomfortable. the first settlers

who, for example, came to russia under elizabeth petrovna, for the most part returned back. that is, they are not fixed. but when, uh, that means the situation in germany itself, uh, began to worsen, then uh they had no other choice. how to find a second home and catherine felt it. this is the first circumstance. second, and that means after the first russian-turkish war and especially the pugachev rebellion. catherine made one important conclusion for herself that the russian nobles are all wonderful, but she also needs another leg to support the throne, and here she relied on her fellow tribesmen. that is, for the same germans, while the government's plan was to invite only those foreigners. koi in peasant exercises or in needlework they could serve as an example and would be good and sufficient masters, but since it was possible to hire in these uninhabited territories as assistants. that some

preference was given to large families with children? this was one of the foundations of the then absolutely enlightened policy, that people were collected, resettled, settled on certain lands. and generally followed the increase in the population of the population. this was considered one of the foundations of the country's economic prosperity. it was such a competition international arena, even when in 1874 alexander ii signed a manifesto on the introduction of universal military service for the colonists , an exception was made for service in the army, they were replaced by the alternative services of the minanites, which religious beliefs were not allowed to hold in their hands. weapons were involved in earthworks and planting trees , including planting windbreaks , and not such narrow strips that we now have here, but such rather wide ones, in this regard, we can assume that they stood at the origins of this infrastructure

can be considered, so that's when stalin's plan stalin's great plan for the transformation of nature. after the great patriotic war , they implemented it when most of the forest belts were planted and the steppe ones were protected. ah, the fields. here are these dry winds. here are the dust storms from everything else. here is the actual source. it was precisely those germans who came here and mastered agriculture from germany here that became this idea, and very wealthy people came from the molodchansky district, which included berdyansk and melitopol districts became the economic and intellectual center of the minanites in the donbass only in the period from 1828 to 1866 , 18 agricultural colonies arose here, the number of new settlements, as well as the number of people grew, and so on exponentially. on the results of the first all-russian in 1897, there were already living here, and in the bahnut word in serbian and mariupol, the communists , which, in fact, constitutes

the territory of modern donbass, more than 40,000 people of the german population on the crooked butt river, the german colonists immediately founded nine settlements, the center of which was the settlement of new york, the one that, thanks to military reports. now everyone is talking about it in 2021. former president of ukraine petro poroshenko discovered it and decided how to restore historical justice and return to the settlement novgorodskoe and its long-forgotten name . the name was returned, but the former stability and prosperity. no, new york is now on the line of contact between residents. everyone who could have dispersed, well, those germans who still remained in such, frankly speaking, already waiting a bit. only one germans. we are russian meme interests. now, with whom you don’t talk to everyone, one interest would end the war, and so that we all live on our own

land, develop in our village, as we developed before and continue to work. here, therefore, how to say, we became russified we are in novorossia, we got engaged we are russians. this means that the great geopolitical experiment of catherine the great through the centuries, in spite of everything , nevertheless succeeded anna and the seventh fox, anastasia popova aveliev typical novorossiysk and the role of german colonists in the development novorossiya, we will talk with our permanent expert historian alexander vasiliev. sasha good afternoon. good afternoon, sasha ekaterina attracted various migrants to novorossia. e greeks armenians russian ukrainians, but they were orthodox. and what did the germans give to new russia, who were mostly protestants, although there were catholics among them, but that's just the protestants in the first place, and you are absolutely

right. here he made this such a religious accent, the fact is that, if we talk specifically about immigrants, novorossia a significant part of them belonged to such a protestant denomination as they were menanites. eh, such extreme pacifists, they could not take up arms, serve in the army. well, and, accordingly, they had serious friction with the state in the german lands. especially. well, where prussia was present with her here in the 18th century. it's just a kaza state. well, it was completely impossible to get along, and catherine was practically in e. at the very beginning of his reign. yes, even plainly, without understanding how, of course, having plans for the south, of course. she does not understand how this will be implemented , novorossiya will look like she has already adopted certain documents that were supposed to facilitate the resettlement of people from europe to russia, this is very important to emphasize this. but what about in that era at the end of the 18th century, and

russia was attractive to this european and , of course, these are protestant, and the settlers are primarily protestant. yes, they brought it. uh, what is commonly called protestant ethics. yes, this is the spirit, and this means discipline, and two industriousness and entrepreneurship in only one taurida province at the end of the xix century was about 5% of the population. uh, there were no less german colonists, and in the engine in the slavic province, uh, in other regions of new russia. what happened to these national settlements, after all, the german colonists lived very compactly, the most difficult cataclysms that our country experienced in the first half of the 20th century. of course, they have a very deep trace. ah, they left such a scar on the body of novorossiy, and, uh, in the last with

catherine's times. yes, er, the germans already played an important role in urban life and did not only in agriculture, but there were large enterprises that belonged to them. well, here was a simple example in odessa. uh, a very large factory that survived all soviet times and only mr. kolomoisky from e, a workshop built back in the 19th century, and gena’s factory was a factory of agricultural men, kuznetsk regen, a german who moved from such an agricultural colony to odessa began to make tools. he had sons and everything. this spread in one of the largest russian empires. a-a enterprises, and that's a lot you can, but bring uh such examples and when events happened , and the era of the revolution of the civil war, then you need to understand that the germans, as representatives of, say, wealthy wealthy classes, they were very seriously under attack and under attack by almost all forces. here we know the fight against the bourgeoisie, it was just directed. that is, we are the simplest such example. we all

know the makhnovist tachanka, yes, but few people know where they came from, what is this feature of tanks yes, that a machine gun can be installed on a spring wagon. and so to speak, he will not suffer from shaking, a and turns into a formidable weapon. so these are the famous carts that have become symbols of the makhnovists. they simply repressed them and took them away in simple words. you are just e rich. uh, homesteads, and the german colonists and a. not only uh, hmm these wagons these requisitions. nothing, and of course, this death of the civil war took place very seriously in this region, because, of course, the germans, despite the pacifism of their ancestors. yes, they were not going to tolerate this either, and very many of them took hands, weapons, stopped in ranks, white army. and here there is one more famous such episode already in the twenties, when collectivization began. uh, when the first tractors came to the village here is the first in the soviet union and the machine tractor station, it

’s called the shevchenko mts yes, but in fact, this advanced economy arose precisely in the german colonies, when the authorities tried the same, uh, farming methods to spread on the territory somewhere there were no non-german games, so to speak , there were no games, it turned out far from being so rainbow gone was not enough. yes, and in general, as it were, the perseverance of understanding the technology of very, very many, that is, such moments. so, of course, then when a swept across all of new russia in both directions, this a tornado of the great patriotic war, yes, then, of course, these are already compact places where the germans live. there just wasn't any german left, looked like an invader by so many. uh, the remnants of such a population left with the retreating german units, someone uh remained, but now such a phenomenon, uh, which it was new russia that gave rise to, and already in the second half of the 20th century, of course, did not remain at all, and today it is possible

to resettle german or other foreign colonists to novorossia, because we know that history often repeats itself and it seems that this is happening right now. well, it’s just that before our eyes these repetitions are some pair of phrases or rhymes from that past, of course, we are all waiting for peace , appeasement of this land from the west uh, apply in this participation and and if you approach this in the same way , eh? not only propaganda for such, e. resettlement , but also for the settlement of these people, because there was a special structure e. committee that dealt with foreign settlers and let's dream up a little. are there people in the west today who are somewhere in the power of religious. that's it. here i started. yes, some of their own peculiarities of some ideological peculiarities, and they are uncomfortable, and in their homeland in the west and

uh hmm they could find a second home here for all. i think that the answer is positive , again, we know that since the fourteenth year people have been fighting in novorossia, but people. uh, the french are just like the french fought in the troops there. and potemkina yes, today the aesthetic and the french, who even without russian roots in the same way as the germans, are serbs who then, even under elizabeth catherine , again fought in new russia. that is, here are such e about phrases. yes, how did you say? and they are already there suggesting that it is nothing impossible. what is it really just needed work with such people and create conditions for them. for example, i once met representatives of such an interesting group. and as for brown or afrikaners , yes, that is, they are white farmers who live there in south africa right now very uncomfortable and they are interested in russia, russia is attractive to them, but we understand that we don’t have the same times as in the eighteenth century, we do not have any such ordinary empty spaces within the state. yes, but this new frontier, and

which has now formed with us and somehow way. and after the completion of the military phase, it will need to be arranged, it is quite possible, why not. thank you very much sasha for a very interesting story. the boundless steppes of the black sea region are warlike peoples of the wild field, trials, and dramas that cannot be found in ordinary life. but do not count, in this almost epic space. all this spurred the imagination of the creators to create a special image of novorossia in literature through these steppes in the tale of igor's campaign, passion and pride, or the novgorod-seversky prince and his to break the spear troops on the border of the polovinsky field, and the campaigns of the forelocks of zaporozhye. cossacks through the feather grass and space sang

dumas blind kobzon. here miraculously did not lose his life. lermontovsky pechorin, who had time to regret that he had disturbed the peaceful calm of honest smugglers, was a team of adventurous adventures similar to the adventures of the pioneers of the american prairies. and to turn novorossia in the middle of the 19th century, the writer grigory petrovich danilevsky, thanks to which he deserves from favorable criticism the nickname russian fenimore cooper his first novel, captured the attention of a serious public, fugitives in novorossia, danilevsky published in 1862 under a pseudonym with kovronsky. it was followed by fugitives and new places. all of them are about the adventures of migrants , runaway serfs and peasants of the book.

they were translated into the main european languages ​​and not a single generation was read not only in imperial russia, but then in the soviet union about how in the 19th century, from the pen of grigory danilevsky , the adventurous and attractive of its freedom and new russia appeared in the story of olga mokhova south russian italy harsh scythia god’s steppe and the promised land grigory petrovich danilevsky uses all these epithets and many more similar ones to describe the region, the name that catherine the great herself gave in the second half of the 18th century in the middle of the 19th novorossiysk governorate aroused genuine interest of both writers and readers. it already was. eh, the most important outpost of this kind, even a most important granary and smithy of russia of the russian empire. there,

production developed. eh, they lived there. uh, the most adventurous the strongest people out there sought. eh, of course, agriculture developed there very actively and using modern methods for that period, the history of this region, as well as the little russians and native slobozhans from danilevsky, originally from the kharkov province. he knew firsthand in his family that kurt of antiquity and interest in legends in general reigned. theory was a personal passion of the writer. service in the ministry of public education and also work in the newspaper government bulletin made it possible to travel a lot around the country and study the archives. that is, he first carried out some historical study and later wrote in this regard. he really is. hmm leaning towards historical narrative. wherein. eh, contemporaries noted that the story in his novels is crazy, that he manages to capture and convey the spirit and epochs of imitation of an idol and , first of all, nikolai gogol, a passion for poetry at a time when

prose dominated exotic themes in russian literature, for example, mexican motifs, such experiments by danilevsky in great literature. delight. did not call another matter his first historical novel, a fluent one. in novorossiya, the plot was dictated to the writer by modern history itself. alexander ii went down in history as the tsar who liberated the peasants from serfdom. and 4 years before this event, in 1857, grand duke konstantin nikolayevich, being the head of the committee on peasant affairs, sent a group of russian writers to different parts of the country. goal to study and describe the social situation prevailing there among the researchers was grigory danilevsky. he was instructed to analyze the situation in the azov and at all the don he saw that on these lands there were still the spirit of enterprise and hard work lives on. but how differently people live here, how this earth changes all those who have come and how the spirit of freedom intoxicates new

comrades, how sincerely you strive and strive sincerely for the irresistible passion of hundreds and thousands of other similar fugitive russian people with birds migrating from the north, sandy food and new shares. the serfs who fled from the arbitrariness of the landowners, the impoverished nobles, who lost the state of the former military, the german colonists, who were hungry for big profits , are virtuous and not very priests. here danilevsky described such a variegated lyut on the pages of his novel, everyone here, in fact, was a fugitive, but in terms of rights the situation is unequal, similar to the united states of america that there, uh, there is this spirit of entrepreneurship, and here in this in the forefront . novoros. he, too, was reigning over all operate, as uh say one of the heroes. it was perfectly clear. in general, so far, that the relationship of these new, so to speak

, entrepreneurs, it was quite certain that these were new blacks for them. it's new slaves to them, appropriately treated instead of will. where the common people were so eager to cultivate the fields, pull the seine, raise cattle became the place of their new enslavement. it is amazing but the story of disenfranchised, desperate and at the same time honest people, danilevsky managed to take the form of an adventurous romance with a sharp conflict and agonizing expectation of a denouement, a fugitive in new russia. well, it's 1862. it would seem that times are distant, and despite the fact that this is all in anticipation of the abolition of serfdom, and yet it is readable. so it's hard to break away russian business called him, because he perfectly captivated by intrigue. he perfectly showed e not sympathetic and sympathetic heroes and sometimes the duality of these heroes , that the old dikanka, that from the fact that gogol raised her exclaims one of the heroes of the novel and claims that all the hopes of the south for his

future are here in the new dikanka. in novorossiya. this is the future, for sure. he saw and managed to convey danilevsky influenced not only evidence of the current state of novorossiya. this is his criticism of new russia, by the way, little russia, too, uh, but also his historical research, glorification catherine's and potemkin's undertakings. it prompted the government to think about what is needed now. danilevsky’s contemporaries believed that his novels are more suitable for an inexperienced and not too demanding public, but in the 21st century they are read not only as a fascinating adventure novel, but also as a historical document, which is especially valuable today. olga mokhova anastasia popova lisavelev typical novorossiya. that's all we wanted to talk about. kirill was with you today

vyshinsky see you soon. now, by the last minute, sergei shoigu has inspected the forward command post of one of the formations of the vostok group of troops in the zaporozhye direction , the minister of defense reported at the command post. he listened to the reports of the commander of the eastern grouping of staff officers on the current situation of the characteristic actions of the enemy and the performance of combat missions by the russian troops in the main tactical directions. e at the headquarters of sergei shoigu held a meeting with the commander of the group, at in which he noted the high efficiency of his phenomena of destruction of military equipment and enemy units, and he set the task of continuing to conduct comprehensive reconnaissance in order to identify