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tv   RIK Rossiya 24  RUSSIA24  May 31, 2023 5:30am-6:01am MSK

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[000:01:17;00] one of the tasks of physicists, chemists, biologists is to make such a carrier for a drug that will allow it to be released smoothly for a long time, the so-called prolonged -acting drug; moreover, by adjusting the size of nanocapsules, it is possible to ensure that they accumulate mainly in those target cells in which this approach is essential in the treatment of cancer. this is the cure.
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regular injections are given. uh under the skin and delivered to the cancerous tumor, uh by the mechanism of the so-called passive targeting. that is. it is known that the dimensions of the walls of the vessels of cancerous opules of tumors. they significantly exceed the dimensions of the vessel walls of healthy tissues. e, and therefore our particles with a size of 100 nanometers selectively penetrate into a cancerous tumor and linger there, but at the same time practically do not enter healthy cells and organs. this is not all the prospects for using biodegradable nanocapsules for drug delivery. for example, i can use magnetic particles for us, that is, the capsules will be susceptible to tension magnetic field, that is, we can determine by mri, yes, that our carriers have reached the part of the body we need and then, for example, under the influence of an alternating magnetic field, release the active. substance searches for external encapsulated
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drugs differ little from conventional ones, in order to assess the size of the obtained capsules, their shape and stability, it is necessary to go down to the level here, electron microscopy is indispensable. and to be honest, this photo, which we fought for quite some time, because basically we got the image spherical particles, but with such a resolution to see a separate core and crown. this is a rather non-trivial task and it is difficult to get such a picture. so of course, i had hmm very encouraging and nice to see. this is exactly such a detailed image of your particle. several targeted anticancer drugs have already been tested in cell culture and in mice. but when such drugs appear in clinics and pharmacies, scientists cannot yet say their task is completely different to develop a modern set of tools and
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approaches , we will make a kind of universal platform for the rapid creation of effective drugs against various diseases, but we will never make a panacea, well, a capsule for all all drugs. it will still be every new medicine. we need to prepare a new small job so that later, when pharmacists come to us, we will do this work as quickly as possible. russian scientific center of surgery named after academician petrovsky department of spine surgery 9:00 am everything is ready for surgery in the operating room carrying out a planned operation to remove the intervertebral hernia. we're all packing professor alexander oganesov has already performed dozens of similar operations, therefore he acts calmly and confidently, and in the meantime he manages to comment on his work on camera from
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the front access. according to doctors , several patients a week turn to them from a similar problem, when fragments of the intervertebral disc protrude or even fall into the spinal canal. they put pressure on blood vessels and nerve endings, the consequences of the most unpleasant limbs go numb and hurt, not excluded paralysis. in such cases, the destroyed disk has to be removed by the shepherd. we, as it were, separated the head from the shoulders, they represent specially fixing devices. the so -called cage plans. here, this key was not a folk body and incomprehensible material, that is, the transformation of the bone fusion of two adjacent vertebrae.
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the disk itself was not resolved within a year. made me want to keep quiet, then i'm holding on. well, this is how it looks. well, the same largus is worth the leak , everything is leaving the cages that surgeons use today are made of metal alloys and plastic after surgery. they remain embedded in the vertebral discs, forever another matter, a biocompatible analogue, which eventually decomposes into safe components, firstly, it will allow you to avoid a bunch of complications, the second of such cages. there was not and is not in russia, and one single analogue of the world one was made in france, but it turned out to be very expensive and did not go into work. and we
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will be able to make it relatively cheap, so we believe that it will be a cool invention. surgeons shared with the specialists of the kurchatov institute, and such scientific challenges are no stranger to joint work on the creation of the first russian biodegradable. cage has been underway for the second year now, the forecast is optimistic , it must be said that biodegradable products for orthopedics. worked at the institute before. here they developed the necessary details for the restoration of bones. in case of fractures. for complex fractures, titanium plates and screws and pins are used to collect fragments of bones, to fix the bone and it has grown together as it should, but there is a problem, because, firstly, it is not decomposable materials, of course, but it will be necessary to repeat the operation to extract it, and secondly, after removing the metal screws
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, the body needs time and effort to fill the vacated cavities of the advantage with fasteners from degradable natural polymers. here, obviously, to solve this problem, scientists had to break not only their heads, but also a considerable number of bones. this is a machine for mechanical testing, in particular for bending , rupture and compression tests, it is no secret that an ideal implant has a mechanics close to native bone tissue. actually. here we explore how the mechanics of the materials we create, as well as the mechanics of native bone , the material should not only be similar in all characteristics to bone tissue, but also be absorbed in the body within a clearly defined period. as the main material, scientists use polylaxide, this polymer, during degradation, turns into the well-known
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lactic acid and is excreted from the body naturally, and the necessary rigidity is given to it by calcium phosphates, the quality of the composite obtained in the laboratory for the first time. experienced sheep. it was big. an experiment on sheep of 60 heads investigated materials of various compositions, that is, we changed both the composition of the polymer and the type of filler and its concentration in total, we studied 15 types of material. that is , it is about 240 samples. according to experts of the scientific part of the study , the final and most important stage of testing biodegradable fasteners on real patients is close to completion. chemistry and colorful can be
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memories just the way they look on in a snapshot of the cerebral cortex of a mouse, technology developed at the center for neurocognitive research allows you to observe in real time how memory works. i told you, that's how we've always dealt with medica biological places, but we've dealt with some exclusive super-complex and little-required things. well, for example, let's say we studied the state of people. which is a long time in weightlessness, for example, an astronaut, we are the first to create today. it's like a common thing, for example, telemetry telemedicine. us but it was necessary to monitor the condition of the astronauts there, what was happening to them. well , for example, uh, the state of loneliness. let's say. it was also cognitive research. we
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have always been a complex multidisciplinary interdisciplinary center and investigative center. and today it has moved to a new level. if we talk about medicine, that is, our roots were deep, the level was tall, we see how the picture in front of the animal changes, that is, it goes through a kind of labyrinth and has the opportunity to receive reinforcements here. squares and immediately through an optical reader. we see how functional changes. from the mouse nerve cells participating in the experiment, non-simple a, transgenic, special fluorescent proteins isolated from a certain type of jellyfish are built into their cell, therefore, when neurons in the machine brain are activated, we see their green glow on the screen , there is a cross with which i fix her in
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the installation and and with the help of which you can also look at her brain in a microscope with the help of this special training installation the mouse enters virtual reality, where the surrounding objects move, and the animal remains in place. maybe learn to orient yourself towards the unrealistic? sti that if she gets used to it after 2 weeks, she already knows where she gets water and knows how to get there. brain machines are only intermediate stages of research; the ultimate goal of scientists is to understand the work of the human brain, in order to then learn how to control its activity, for example. find a way to stimulate the learning process of attention memory, which could help children who are not doing well in school or learn to stimulate the center of wakefulness. what can be useful for pilots or
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train drivers modern technologies allow you to penetrate deep into the structures of the brain and examine every millimeter of it, this is how magnetic resonance imaging of the brain works. e, symmetrical no changes in the structure of the matter of white or gray matter. uh brain, not visible at first glance. uh, it seems that a person is healthy sergey kartashov it is not just that the human brain avoids unambiguous conclusions, the whole universe consisting of 85 billion nerve cells. even if outwardly no deviations are visible, this does not mean that all neural networks work in a coordinated manner. arte gives, uh, exactly the picture that needs to be interpreted. and we try to watch how the brain behaves to stand up, and how it behaves in dynamics. that is, when we give a person some e-cognitive task, she
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performs it. how does this change hmm signals inside the brain, and this change in the signal we then interpret on the outside. uh, so to speak, but systems on other computers. and that's already enough difficult mathematical problem. yes, it's ready. now we can run the experiment. your task is a-a. now the text will be shown. you need to read it to yourself , our eyes can tell. they make hundreds of movements per minute. although we don’t even notice it, an installation called an eye tracker can follow our gaze and fix it on a chart. all even the slightest of his movements shines, the infrared camera is the pupil and the camera captures the reflector, and from our pupil, that
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is, the movement of the eyes is written in this way, in general, eye movements, and they characterize the cognitive processes that occur in our brain when we perform certain tasks. it follows that we can study very fast instantaneous processes that cannot, for example, study a function. magnetic the developed technique can help in the treatment of stuttering and speech correction . another area of ​​work of the department of neurocognitive sciences is relevant for people at the age of 50, the human brain begins to age and lose neurons. in addition, some diseases, such as parkinson's disease, significantly accelerate tissue destruction. brain scientists wondered. is it possible to pause this process? they took a line of mice
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, modeled parkinson's disease on mice with a neurotoxin, uh, parkinson's syndrome, and treated animals with lactophilin in their experiments. we have seen that neurons recover partially. here is the recovery, but the fact is that in general, in the world, not a single substance has yet been shown to be able to do this with lactoferen. here worked here. this is the first natural protein that was isolated from breast milk more than half a century ago, that is, there is a lot of it in milk in saliva. e tears. uh, it's a very poly functional protein. uh famous for its antibacterial function. eh, anti-viral anti-inflammatory to him on modeling we
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have researched him. they are studying even more deeply experiments have shown that the introduction of lactoferrin affects the survival of laboratory mice, even after a high dose of radiation exposure. uh we irradiated high dose mice. e radiation is 7.5 gray. it is enough to say that 33 days after irradiation, only 28% of animals remain alive, if we administer once immediately after irradiation in the first minute we administer locodophyrin once by 30 days, 78% of animals remain alive. this is a very significant indicator . the results obtained will allow in the near future to develop safe for the body. medicines to prevent the negative effects of radiation exposure on humans must understand that nuclear medicine. this is not medicine. this is a nuclear technology that has benefits at the
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copper end. ka create their scientists nuclear physicists. we create us a huge piece of a pilot project, we go to the medical center for scientific and technological education. we create our devices for proton therapy for young therapy, yes, and floods of new radiopharmaceuticals, and so on. this is such a complex large-scale work that we see. here is the growth zone sterile along the wall there are protective boxes, where there is a lot of synthesis, or modules for packaging. everything is made of lead, because everything has its own meaning, everything happens in automatic mode, everything is controlled remotely via a computer with a minimum of people and
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maximum security. this is what the production of radiopharmaceuticals looks like today. in sealed boxes, a radioactive substance is synthesized based on fluorine. it just uses to torture this diagnosis due to its physical properties and plus it has a very short half-life of only 108 minutes. it breaks down very quickly, so it does not harm a healthy tissue, if we are talking about rapid diagnostics of high-quality diagnostics, practically molecular diagnostics, oncological diseases. yes, this method is one study, and we study the whole organism. a packing kit is placed here, this is a special protective lead, to make the staff wear it even less. actually , the drug comes through the transport capillary, which is then, with the help of this packaging system, already packaged
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in the required doses. and then, actually , it is specially unloaded through the unloading zone, vial of the drug is administered to the patient intravenously. after some time, a radioactive isotope accumulates in a problematic area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe tissue or in an organ and cancer cells literally begin to glow on the monitor. the radionuclide in the torah finds almost all types of malignant tumors. but for treatment, radioisotopes with other properties are needed, their development is carried out by specialists from the laboratory of radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals kurchatov institute. now. in general, nuclear medicine works. well, somewhere there with five dashes there ten major radionuclides and for therapy for diagnosis. this does not mean that this is a five or a dozen, that they are really optimal in all respects. we kind of increase. a-and opportunities are expanding the capabilities of medics. that is, they have an increase in the number of tools. with
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whom they can work, scientists are exploring almost all the chemical elements of the periodic table; now, for example, a number of new isotopes of rare earth metals, antimony and tin are being tested. what is the plus of these methods , let's say with surgery, that, and here we we use, well, how to say the properties of the cell itself, that is, in principle, we can destroy individual cells, clusters of these cells, micrometastases, and so on. that is, what is what, as they say, a scalpel surgeon will not reach , and in the case of using nuclear medicine, it works in addition to radioactive drugs in oncology, methods of so-called radiation therapy are used, a cancerous tumor can be defeated by aiming a beam of protons or carbon ions at it, the damaging ability of such beam is amplified at the end of the range of charged particles action, it turns out more and less healthy tissues are almost not damaged. when
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using proton beams, as well as ion beams, there are practically no tumors, that is, with proton therapy. it's just 0%, uh at the level of statistical significance, but with carbon beams. it is somewhere in the 8-10 part of the tumor dose for several years of experiments, a specialist of the institute. physics of high energies. in the hole , it was possible to shorten the beam of charged particles and bring it clearly to the place where it will be be a patient. in addition, researchers have learned to control its energy and determine the depth of penetration. in fabric. now one of the directions is a combined effect together and it is for us a beam and a proton beam to clarify the possible e-e mechanisms of interaction of rare densely reducing radiation. we have in a number of cases the application of radiation therapy. it is simply impossible in nuclear, as in all medicine.
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there is no panacea doctor oncologists are sure in the treatment of each patient an individual approach is needed can be combined there radiopharmaceuticals , remote irradiation , chemotherapy can be combined there now, by the way, such studies are also being carried out on radiotherapy, that is , in general, in oncology, unlike other areas, this is always the case. combinations of the complex that's how this complex of combinations turns out better. the more it can be repeated in a person and the more it can be individualized, the more powerful this therapy is. i think there is no such second place in the world, because we have absolutely everything. we have a neutron reaction with different energy. we have any accelerators. we have uh, laser division techniques. but plus radio chemistry. so in this sense, how would we insert such a powerful foundation, but our task is not to produce. she is the task
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of creating what others cannot do. institute of atomic energy named after kurchatov whose history began with the creation of the deadliest weapon. today it brings together scientists from different scientific fields, including the creation of technologies that warn about the disease. at the earliest possible time, treats targeted. many of them even improve the quality of life of just that. we look forward
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to the future of medicine.
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normally other coordinates. let's go for a hike. america well, what do we know about americans west? we somehow completely missed out from the southeast. they all experienced a very serious psychological trauma. this is colonialism, you can
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say, and everyone has their own culture. everyone has their own cuisine beautiful nature. we live in a great country, and it is true that every time after the cruel upheavals of the death of thousands of people, the state gathered again into a single system of rigid centralized control systems. the idea that holds the state together is the same as it was in the ussr, we are building a new world of a different person. some people
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like her, some don't, but she is a memory.
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and you and i have one winner, we need the victory of russia, the best historical series, we watch for free without registering a nuclear power plant for additional experts, such a statement by the head of the agency, rafael grossia, made following a meeting of the un security council, he also said that he intends to visit russia and ukraine, nato will send a taste 700
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peacekeepers. the leadership of the block calls parties to the conflict to stop the violence in

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