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bank. one of the tasks of physicists, chemists, biologists is to make such a carrier for a drug that will allow it to be released smoothly for a long time, the so-called prolonged -release drug; moreover, by adjusting the size of nano-capsules, one can achieve that they will accumulate mainly in those target cells in which it is necessary. such an approach is extremely important in the treatment of oncological diseases. this medicine is administered by conventional injection. uh from the skin and delivered to the cancerous tumor. uh, what is the mechanism of the so-called passive targeting? that is. it is known that the size of the vessel wall of cancerous tumors of the tumor. i slightly exceed the dimensions of

the vessel walls of healthy tissues, a and therefore our particles are 100 nanometers in size. it selectively penetrates into the cancerous tumor. and lingers there, but practically does not get into healthy ones. and organs are not all the prospects for using biodegradable nano-capsules for drug delivery . for example, i can use magnetic nanoparticles, that is, the capsules will be susceptible to the strength of the magnetic field, that is, we can determine by mri, yes, that our carriers have reached the part of the body we need and then, for example, under the influence of an alternating magnetic field, release active substance look for, external encapsulated drugs are few. how different from the usual ones, in order to evaluate the size of the obtained capsules, their shape and stability must be lowered to a level. here , electron microscopy is indispensable. and to be honest, this photo, which we

struggled with for quite some time, because basically we got an image of spherical particles, but with such a resolution to see a separate core and corona. eh, this is a rather non-trivial task and it is difficult to get such a picture. so of course, i had hmm very encouraging and nice to see. here just such a detailed image of its particle. several targeted anticancer drugs have already been tested in cell culture and in mice. but when such drugs appear in clinics and pharmacies , scientists cannot yet say their task is to develop a modern set of tools and approaches in a completely different way, a kind of universal platform for the rapid creation of effective drugs against various diseases, we will make a panacea, we will never make one capsule for everyone medicines. it will still be every new medicine. it is a small job

to prepare so that later, when pharmacists come to us, we will do this work as quickly as possible. russian scientific center of surgery named after academician petrovsky department of spinal surgery 9:00 am in the operating unit, everything is ready for a planned operation to remove the intervertebral hernia. natasha is still packing professor alexander oganesov has already carried out dozens of similar operations, therefore he acts calmly and confidently, and between times he manages to comment on his work on camera. access of the destroyed intervertebral disc, but there are still left. according to doctors

, several patients a week turn to them from a similar problem, when fragments of the intervertebral disc protrude or even fall into the spinal canal. they put pressure on blood vessels and nerve endings, the consequences of the most unpleasant limbs go numb and hurt, paralysis is not excluded. in such cases , the destroyed disk has to be removed by the shepherd. we, as it were, separated the head from the shoulders represents special fixing device. the so -called cage is correct. we have represented not a foreign body and incomprehensible material, that is, the transformation of the bone fusion of two adjacent vertebrae. made me want to keep quiet, then i'm holding on. well, this is how it looks. well, it’s worth it right somehow

, we’re all leaving the cages that surgeons use today are made of metal alloys and plastic after surgery. they remain embedded in the vertebral discs, forever another matter, a biocompatible analogue that decomposes over time into a safe components, firstly, will avoid a lot of complications, the second such cages. there was not and is not in russia, and one single analogue of the world one was made in france, but it turned out to be very expensive and did not go into work. and we will be able to make it relatively cheap, so we believe that it will be a cool invention, the surgeons shared with the specialists of the kurchatov institute, and shimk is no stranger to such scientific challenges

working together to create the first russian biodegradable. cage has been underway for the second year, the forecast is optimistic say that biodegradable products for orthopedics. worked at the institute before. here they developed the necessary details for the restoration of bones. in case of fractures. for complex fractures, titanium plates and screws and pins are used to collect fragments of bones, to fix the bone and it has grown together as it should, but there is a problem, because, firstly, these are not decomposable materials, of course, but a second operation will be necessary for extraction, and secondly, after removing the metal screws , the body needs time and effort to fill the vacant cavities with fasteners made of degradable natural polymers. here, obviously, to solve this problem, scientists had to break not only their heads, but also a considerable number

of bones. this is a machine for mechanical testing , in particular for bending, rupture and compression tests, and it is no secret that the ideal implant has mechanics close to native bone tissue. actually. here we explore how the mechanics of the materials we create, as well as the mechanics of native bone, the material should not only be similar in all characteristics to on bone tissue, but also to be absorbed in the body in a clearly defined period. as the main material, scientists use this polymer polylaxide, during degradation it turns into the well-known lactic acid and is excreted from the body. naturally , but the necessary rigidity. he is betrayed by calcium phosphates, the quality of the composite obtained in the laboratory was the first to be tested on himself. bananas were cereals. i and experiment

on rams 60 e 60 heads investigated materials of various composition. that is , we changed how the composition of the polymer is different so filler and its concentration in total, we studied 15 types of material. that is , it is about 240 samples. according to experts of the scientific part of the study , the final and most important stage of testing biodegradable fasteners on real patients is close to completion. memories can be bright and colorful just as they look on a picture of the cerebral cortex of a mouse. technology developed at the center for neurocognitive research allows you to observe how memory works in real time. i to you said, so we have always dealt with medica

biological, but we have dealt with some exclusive super-complex and little, as it were, required things. well, for example, let's say we studied the state of people. which is a long time in weightlessness, for example, an astronaut, we are the first to create today. it's like a common thing, for example, telemetry telemedicine. we had to monitor the condition of the astronauts there, what was happening to them. well, for example, uh, the state of loneliness. let's say. it was also cognitive research. we have always been complex multi-branch interdisciplinary center and follow. and today it has moved to a new level. if we talk about medicine, that is, our roots were deep, the level was tall, we see how the picture

of animals changes, that is, it goes through a kind of labyrinth and has the opportunity to receive reinforcement here, here are the squares and right there through the optical reader. we see how functional changes. mouse nerve cells participating in the experiment are not simple, but transgenic in their cell are embedded special fluorescent proteins isolated from a certain type of jellyfish, so when the neurons in the machine brain are activated, we see their green glow on the screen , there is a cross with which i fix it in the installation and a with which you can also look at its brain in a microscope with the help of this special training setup , the mouse enters a virtual reality where the surrounding objects move, and the animal

remains in place. maybe learn to navigate the phone really? if not will be, no there in 2 weeks, she already knows where they sell water and knows how to get there. the mouse brain is only an intermediate stage of research; the ultimate goal of scientists is to understand the work of the human brain, in order to then learn how to control its activity, for example. find a way to stimulate the processes of learning the memory of decay, which could help children who do not succeed in school or learn how to stimulate the wakefulness center. what can be useful as a pilot or train driver modern technologies allow you to penetrate deep into structures of the brain and examine each of its millimeters, this is how magnetic resonance imaging of the brain works. e, symmetrical no changes in the structure of the matter of white

or gray matter. uh brain, not visible at first glance. uh it seems that a person is healthy sergey kartashov it is not just that the human brain avoids unambiguous conclusions, the whole universe consisting of 85 billion nerve cells. even if no deviations are visible outwardly, this does not mean that all neural networks work smoothly, the device issues in march uh, just a picture that needs to be interpreted more. and we try to watch how the brain behaves to stand up, and how it behaves in dynamics. that is, when we give a person some e-cognitive task and perform it. how does this change hmm signals inside the brain, and this change in the signal we then interpret on the outside. uh, so to speak, but systems on other computers. and

this is already such a complex mathematical problem. everything is convenient. yes, it's ready now. now we can run the experiment. your task is a-a. now text will be shown. you need to read it to yourself, our eyes can tell. they make hundreds of movements per minute. although we don’t even notice it, an installation called itracker is able to follow our gaze and fix it on the chart. all even the slightest of his movements, the infrared camera, the pupil and the camera captures the reflector, and from our pupil, that is , the movement of the eyes is written in this way, in general the movement of the eyes, and they characterize the cognitive processes that occur in our brain when we perform some tasks, it follows

that we can study very fast instantaneous processes that cannot. for example, study a functional magnetic resonance tomograph. the developed technique can help in the treatment of stuttering and speech correction . another area of ​​work of the department of neurocognitive sciences is relevant for people aged 50 years old, the human brain begins to age and lose neurons. in addition, some diseases, such as parkinson's disease, significantly accelerate the destruction of tissue. brain scientists wondered. is it possible stop this process? uh, they modeled parkinson's disease on mice with a neurotoxin, uh, parkinson's syndrome and treated animals in their experiments. we have seen

that neurons recover partially. here comes the restoration. well, the fact is that in general, not a single substance has yet been shown in the world. here it worked. this is the first natural protein that was isolated from breast milk more than half a century ago, that is, most of it in milk is found in saliva eliza. it is a highly functional protein known, its function, antibacterial. uh, antiviral anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory , we are studying it in our research even more deeply. experiments. it has been shown that the administration of lactoferrin affects the survival of laboratory mice, even after a high dose of radioactive irradiation e, we trained mice with a high dose. e radiation, it's 7.5 gy it

's enough to say that 30-30 days after irradiation , only 28% of animals remain alive if we inject once immediately after irradiation. enter minutes once lactoferrin by thirty days remains alive 78% of animals. this is a very significant indicator. the results obtained will allow in the near future to develop drugs that are safe for the body to prevent the negative effects of radiation exposure on humans. you and i must understand that nuclear medicine. this is not medicine. it's the nuclear technology that the medics have been enjoying at the end of creating them. uh, nuclear physicists. we are creating we will now be interrupted by an urgent message from the russian ministry of defense on june 4 cover units revealed an attempt by other ukrainian terrorists to cross the river to the new tovalzhanka of the belgorod

region, and on the enemy in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe settlement e, inflicted on the artillery strike of the enemy of russia and retreated. it's uh, so far all posts. we are closely monitoring the incoming information on this topic for more. we'll be back on our air. well, now the continuation of the documentary. a piece of a pilot project we are going to the medical price scientific and technical education we are creating our devices for surgical therapy for juvenile therapy, yes, and floods of new radiopharma drug and so on. here is such a complex large-scale work that we see . here is a beautiful sterile zone along the wall there are protective boxes where

synthesis modules are located, or modules for packaging. everything is lead, because everything has its own meaning, everything happens in automatic mode, everything is controlled remotely via a computer with a minimum of people and maximum security. this is what the production of radiopharmaceuticals looks like today. radioactive synthesis takes place in sealed boxes fluorine-based substances. it is just right to use to torture this diagnosis due to its physical properties and plus it has a very short half-life. in total, 108 decomposes very quickly, therefore, it does not harm healthy tissue. if we are talking about quick diagnostics, high-quality diagnostics, practically, molecular diagnostics, oncological diseases, there is also a method. a packing kit is placed here, this is a special protective lead, to make

the staff wear it even less. actually by transport the capillary receives a drug, which is then, with the help of this packaging system, already packaged in the required doses. and then, actually , it is specially unloaded through the unloading zone, the vial of the drug is injected into the patient intravenously. after some time, a radioactive isotope accumulates in a problematic area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe tissue or in an organ and cancer cells literally begin to glow on the monitor. the radionuclide goes to the side of almost all types of malignant tumors. but for treatment, radios and floods with other properties are needed. development and specialists of the laboratory of radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals of the kurchatov institute are engaged in. now. in general, nuclear medicine works. well, somewhere in there with five dashes there are ten major radionuclides and for therapy or diagnosis. this does not mean that this is a five or

a dozen, that they are really optimal in all respects. we kind of increase. a-and opportunities are expanding the capabilities of medics. that is, they have an increase in the number of tools. with which they can work , scientists explore almost all chemical elements of the periodic table, for example , a number of new isotopes of rare earth metals, antimony and tin are being tested. what is the advantage of these methods in comparison with surgery , that, and here we use, well, how to say the properties of the cell itself, that is, in principle, we can destroy individual cells, clusters of these cells, micrometastases and so on. that is, what is up to what, as they say , the surgeon's scalpel will not reach, and in the case of the use of nuclear medicine. it works in addition to radioactive drugs in oncology the methods of so-called radiation therapy are used, a cancerous tumor can be defeated by aiming a beam of protons or

carbon ions at it, the damaging ability of such a beam is enhanced at the end of the path of charged particles. action, it turns out more whole and healthy tissues are almost not damaged. when using proton beams as well as ion beams, there is practically no dose for the tumor, that is, with proton therapy. it's just 0%, uh at the level of statistical significance, but with carbon beams. it is somewhere 8-10 part of the tumor dose for several years of experiments, a specialist of the institute. physics of high energies. it was possible to shorten the beam of charged particles in the pan and bring it clearly to the place where the patient will be. in addition, researchers have learned to control its energy and determine the depth of penetration. in fabric. now one of the areas of research is the combined action of an ion beam and a proton beam together to elucidate

the possible e-e mechanisms of interaction of rare densely reducing radiation, but in a number of cases of radiation therapy. it is simply impossible in nuclear, as in all medicine. there is no full-fledged doctor, oncologists are sure that when treating each patient, an individual approach is needed, you can combine radio pharmacological preparations there, remote irradiation can combine chemotherapy there, by the way, such studies are also being carried out on radiotherapy, that is , in general, in oncology, unlike other areas, this is always . combinations of the complex that's how this complex of combinations turns out better. how can you repeat it more of a person and the more you can individualize, the more powerful this therapy is. i think there is no such second place in the world, because we have absolutely everything. we have a neutron reaction with different energies. we have any

accelerators. we have uh, laser division methods. but plus radio chemistry. so in this sense, how would we insert such a powerful foundation, but our task is not to produce. she is the task of creating what others cannot do. kurchatov institute of atomic energy whose history began with the creation of the deadliest weapon. today it brings together scientists from different scientific fields, including the creation of technologies that warn about the disease. at the earliest possible stage, it treats targeted. many of them even improve the quality of life of that. we look forward to the future of medicine.

yes, dude, one of us is absolutely lucky. maybe this is our bullfinch. and what are you, hands like this, repent, get out of there. what kind of picnic is this i don't understand? give the kid and get it.

yes, you can’t dump steamboats here. says something, well, yes, this is the eighth budget option day one after another go and can not push through normally. you'll manage everything.

june 4, a memorable date in the military history of russia june 4, 1916, the brusilov breakthrough began an offensive operation of russian troops in galicia and bukovina, the brusilov breakthrough, the operation against the austro-hungarian and german troops was developed by general brusilov

, the enemy troops lost, one and a half million people. the brusilovsky breakthrough was called the most successful operation of the first world war, an outstanding achievement of military art. belgorod region, where the ukrainian drg tried to break through on a direct line. our correspondent egor grigoriev egor hello what is known at this moment?